Limonia

Podenas, Sigitas & Podeniene, Virginija, 2017, Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea, Zootaxa 4231 (1), pp. 1-37 : 5-6

Key to adults of Korean species of Limonia

1. Wing ( Fig. 55 ) reduced, far from reaching tip of abdomen, especially in male. Wing with three dark spots at frontal margin and dark areas surrounding cord and distal margin of discal cell ( Fig. 56 ).............. Limonia parvipennis Alexander, 1940

- Wing well developed, reaching at least tip of abdomen, usually distinctly beyond that ( Figs. 5 , 24 , 37 , 72 ). Wing pattern not as above.............................................................................................. 2

2. Vein Sc short, Sc1 ending slightly beyond base of Rs ( Figs. 16, 17 ).................... Limonia juvenca Alexander, 1935

- Vein Sc longer, Sc1 reaching at least to about one third of Rs length, usually much further ( Figs. 1 , 6 , 9 , 11 , 20 , 25 , 38 , 41 , 44 , 73 )................................................................................................ 3

3. Wing totally translucent, without any dark spots or smears, stigma indistinct, nearly missing ( Fig. 11 ).................................................................................... Limonia fusciceps fusciceps Alexander, 1924

- Wing with dark spots or smears, including stigma ( Figs. 1 , 6 , 9 , 20 , 25 , 38 , 41 , 44 , 73 )............................. 4

4. Wing without smoky areas in cells ( Figs. 1 , 25 , 73 )..........................................................5

- Wing with smoky areas in cells ( Figs. 6 , 9 , 20 , 38 , 41 , 44 ).................................................... 7

5. Wing with distinct dark stigma, but without any additional dark spots ( Fig. 25 )... Limonia macrostigma ( Schummel, 1829)

- Wing with dark spots besides stigma ( Figs. 1 , 73 )........................................................... 6

6. Wing with three intensely dark spots at frontal margin and dark area surrounding Cu, costal cell translucent ( Fig. 1 ).............................................................................. Limonia annulata Lackschewitz, 1940

- Wing with three dark spots at frontal margin and dark costal cell ( Fig. 73 )......................... Limonia pia sp. nov.

7. Femur with three dark rings. Male terminalia as in Fig. 45 , ovipositor as in Fig. 46 ..... .. Limonia nubeculosa Meigen, 1804

- Femur with less than three dark rings. Male and female terminalia not as above....................................8

8. Femur with two distinct dark brown rings at distal end and indistinct darkening at middle...................................................................................................... Limonia episema Alexander, 1924

- Femur with distinctly darkened distal part and sometimes with indistinct darkening at middle........................ 9

9. Abdomen yellow......................................................... Limonia nemoralis Savchenko, 1983

- Abdomen brown..................................................................................... 10

10. Wing stigma uniformly dark ( Fig. 20 )........................................ Limonia karafutonis Alexander, 1924

- Wing stigma with light central part and dark margins ( Figs. 6 , 38 ).............................................. 11

11. Wing with intense dark spots in all cells ( Fig. 38 ). Prescutum nearly entirely dark brown............................................................................................... Limonia messaurea messaurea Mendl, 1971

- Wing with indistinct cloudy spots in all cells ( Fig. 6 ). Prescutum with three wide stripes... Limonia bidens Savchenko, 1979

Figures

FIGURES 55 – 59. Limonia parvipennis. 55: male, general view; 56: wing; 57: male genitalia, dorsal view; 58: paramere; 59: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 5 – 8. Limonia bidens. 5: male, general view; 6: wing; 7: male genitalia, dorsal view; 8: male genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURES 24 – 27. Limonia macrostigma. 24: male, general view; 25: wing; 26: male genitalia, dorsal view; 27: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 37 – 40. Limonia messaurea messaurea. 37: male, general view; 38: wing; 39: male genitalia, dorsal view; 40: male genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURES 72 – 76. Limonia pia sp. nov. 72: female, general view; 73: wing; 74: male genitalia, dorsal view; 75: male genitalia, ventral view; 76: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 16 – 19. Limonia juvenca. 16: wing; 17: wing, variation; 18: male genitalia, dorsal view; 19: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 1 – 4. Limonia annulata. 1: wing; 2: male genitalia, dorsal view; 3: male genitalia, ventral view; 4: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 9 – 10. Limonia episema. 9: wing; 10: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 11 – 15. Limonia fusciceps fusciceps. 11: wing; 12: male genitalia, dorsal view; 13: male genitalia, ventral view; 14: ovipositor, lateral view; 15: ovipositor, dorso-lateral view.

FIGURES 20 – 23. Limonia karafutonis. 20: wing; 21: male genitalia, dorsal view; 22: male genitalia, ventral view; 23: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 41 – 43. Limonia nemoralis. 41: wing; 42: male genitalia, dorsal view; 43: ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURES 44 – 54. Limonia nubeculosa. 44: wing; 45: male genitalia, dorsal view; 46: ovipositor, lateral view; 47: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 48: caudal end of head capsule, dorsal view; 49: right mandible, dorsal view; 50: hypostoma, ventral view; 51: spiracular field; 52: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 53: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 54: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 47 – 51 after Reusch, 1988; 52 – 54 after Brindle, 1967.