Cantharellus violaceovinosus M. Herrera, Bandala & Montoya

Herrera, Mariana, Bandala, Victor M. & Montoya, Leticia, 2018, Cantharellusviolaceovinosus, a new species from tropical Quercus forests in eastern Mexico, MycoKeys 32, pp. 91-109 : 95-100

Cantharellus violaceovinosus M. Herrera, Bandala & Montoya sp. nov. Figs 3, 4, 5

Holotype.

MEXICO. Veracruz: Municipality of Zentla, around town of Zentla, 850 m a.s.l., gregarious in soil, under Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham., 5 July 2012, Corona 648 (XAL).

Diagnosis.

Differing from other Cantharellus species by: uniformly dark violet, violet-grey to violet-wine or violet-reddish pileus; yellow, gill-like folded hymenophore and ellipsoid basidiospores 7-10 (-11) × (4.5-) 5-6.5 (-7) µm. X–m = 7.8 –9× 5.1-6.3 µm, Q– = 1.31-1.66, basidia (40-) 45-114 (-125) × (6-) 7-11 (-12) µm, with (1-) 2-5 sterigmata, and terminal elements of the pileipellis 4-6 µm diam, slightly thick-walled.

Gene sequences ex-holotype.

MF616521 (tef-1α), MF616525 (nLSU).

Etymology.

Referring to the dark violaceous, becoming wine to reddish pileus.

Pileus (15-) 25-113 mm diam, convex to broadly-convex with margin incurved when young, expanding to plane or subplane, often shallowly depressed or finally broadly infundibuliform, surface dry, not hygrophanous, dull, smooth, glabrescent, surface at times breaking in faintly tesselate-rimose-like pattern, then appearing appressed fibrillose with age and not forming scales; surface uniformly dark violet (15D4, 15F2-7, 16D3-4, 16D6, 16F4-5) to pale violet with age (15DE5-7) or violet-grey (16D3-4, 16D6), lilac or greyish-lilac (15A3, 15C3-4, 16C2-3), becoming violet-wine or violet-reddish (14E5-8, 14EF4-5), wine (12D4), fading with age and sun exposure, developing pinkish, lilac and reddish tints, especially towards the margin (13A3-4, 13D3-4, 15A4-5), naked parts showing the yellow context (4A2-3); margin incurved or straight, entire or slightly crenate, undulate or irregular, often incised, rarely lobed, not striated. Hymenophore with well-defined gill-like folds, up to 3 mm deep, decurrent, subdistant, in some specimens almost straight and inclusive thin, in other materials with faintly sinuous or irregular thicker folds, frequently forking at different levels or only towards the pileus margin, with lower irregular anastomosis amongst the folds, in some specimens the anastomosis occur practically in the whole hymenophore, while in others only at some areas, especially at pileus margin, some specimens (specially towards the stipe) with irregular low veins amongst the folds or the folds become as low and sinuous vein-like; butter-yellow or yellow (2.5Y 8/4,10YR 8 /6; 4A3-4). Stipe (20-) 25-75 × 5-18 mm, equal and only slightly swollen at base or widening above and tapering gradually downwards, solid, surface glabrous, concolorous with hymenophore, often staining ochraceous or rusty orange colour when handled, occasionally with whitish, small rhizomorphs at base. Context whitish to yellow (4A2-3), at times wax-like, odour mild, agreeable, at time fruity somewhat to apricot; taste mild, agreeable.

Basidiospores 7-10 (-11) × (4.5-) 5- 6.5 (-7) µm, [ X–m = 7.8-9 × 5.1-6.3 µm, Q– = 1.31-1.66, (n=13)], ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid, devoid of gran ular contents or refractive droplets. Basidia (40-) 45-114 (-125) × (6-) 7 –11(– 12) µm, narrowly clavate to subcylindrical, with (1-) 2-5 sterigmata 8-10 µm long, thin-walled, hyaline; subhymenium composed of cylindrical hyphae 4-5 µm diam. Cystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis composed of hyphae 4-6 µm diam, intermingled in a compact arrangement, cylindrical, hyaline to yellowish, inamyloid, often some of them with pale brownish contents, these decidedly brown coloured in group; distinctive terminal elements 4-6 µm broad, slightly thick-walled (<1 µm thick), smooth, hyaline, some pale brownish, scattered on the surface. Pileus trama composed of cylindrical to inflated hyphae, 3-12 µm diam, slightly thick-walled (<1 µm thick), hyaline, yellowish in mass, some of the hyphal segments completely filled with darker contents. Hymenophoral trama composed of hyphae 3-5 µm diam, thin-walled, some with weakly refringent contents. Clamp connections present on hyphae in all tissues.

Habitat.

Solitary to gregarious, in soil, at tropical oak forest, under Quercus oleoides , less frequently also under both Q. glaucescens Bonpl. and Q. sapotifolia Liebm. June-October, known in the coastal plain of central Veracruz State, east coast of Mexico.

Specimen examined.

MEXICO. Veracruz, Zentla Co., Road Puentecilla-La Piña, 837 m a.s.l., 2 Jul 2009, Del Moral 427, Ramos 216; 27 Oct 2009, García 20, García 22; 16 Jun 2011, Bandala 4490; 21 Jul 2012, Herrera 25; 31 Jul 2012, Bandala 4513; 20 Sep 2012, Bandala 4550, Corona 743; 4 Oct 2012, Bandala 4569, 4573; 4 Jul 2013, Gutiérrez 23; 12 Jul 2013, Bandala 4671; 20 Sep 2013, Herrera 67; 15 Sep 2015, Herrera 135. Around town of Zentla, 850 m a.s.l., 5 Jul 2012, Corona 648; 25 Jun 2013, Herrera 60, 61; 15 Sep 2015, Herrera 137, Santillan 16; 1 Oct 2015, Herrera 151; 30 Jun 2016, Herrera 172; 6 Jul 2016, Herrera 184; 12 Jul 2016, Herrera 187; 22 Sep 2016, Herrera 200, 201, 202, 203; 5 Oct 2016, De la Cruz 14,15; 13 Oct 2016, De la Cruz 42; 27 Oct 2016, Herrera 210, 211; 6 Jul 2017, Garay 350; 3 Aug 2017, Garay 364; 31 Aug 17, Garrido 79; 7 Sep 2017, Herrera 214, 215, 216; 15 Sep 17, Montoya 5403; 21 Sep 17, Corona 1420; 5 Oct 17, Mateo 5. Alto Lucero Co., NE Mesa de Venticuatro, 450-500 m a.s.l., 2 Jul 15, Herrera 125, Herrera 126; 17 Sep 2015, Herrera 138; 2 Aug 2016, Herrera 191; 10 Aug 2016, Herrera 192; 20 Sep 2016, Herrera 195, 196, 197, 198; 27 Sep 2016, Herrera 205, 206, 207; 4 Oct 2016, Herrera 208, 209; 22 Aug 17, Herrera 214; 12 Sep 2017, Garay 375; 19 Sep 2017, Garay 392; 2 Oct 17, Mateo 1 (all at XAL).