Talochlamys multistriata ( Poli, 1795 ) Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001

Dijkstra, H. H. & Kilburn, R. N., 2001, The family Pectinidae in South Africa and Mozambique (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea), African Invertebrates 42, pp. 263-321 : 300-302

Talochlamys multistriata ( Poli, 1795) , comb. n.

(Figs 38–39)

Ostrea multistriata Poli, 1795: 164 , pl. 28, fig. 14. Type locality: Sicily, Italy.

Chlamys (Chlamys) multistriata ; Wagner (1991): 29 (synonymy, variations).

Crassadoma multistriata ; Waller, 1993: 212, figs 5a, d, g, 6c–j (synonymy, type data, description, distribution, discussion).

Pecten tinctus Reeve, 1853 : pl. 26, fig. 106; Turton, 1932: 222, pl. 57, no. 1550; Waller, 1993: 212, 213, figs 6e–f (lectotype). Type locality: unknown.

Chlamys tincta ; E. A. Smith, 1906: 59; van Bruggen, 1952: 13, figs 3, 3a; Barnard, 1964: 424, fig. 14b; idem, 1974: 761; Boshoff, 1965: 134, pl. 14, fig. 8; Kilburn & Rippey, 1982: 171, fig. 138, pl. 38 fig. 12; Lussi, 1995: 2, fig. 26; Steyn & Lussi, 1998: 212, fig. 858.

Chlamys (Chlamys) tincta ; Wagner, 1983: 145, 148, figs 3–5 (type data).

Pecten effulgens Reeve, 1853 : pl. 33 fig. 156; Waller, 1993: 212, 213, figs 6g –h (lectotype). Type locality: unknown.

Pecten textilis Reeve, 1853 : pl. 35, fig. 174; Waller, 1993: 212, 213, fig. 6i (lectotype). Type locality: unknown.

Pecten pusio var. alba [sic] G. B. Sowerby 3rd, 1889 (non Pecten fumatus var. albus Tate, 1887 ): 15. Type locality: Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

Description: Shell height to ca. 35 mm (averaging 15–20 mm), elongate, RV slightly more convex than LV, inequilateral, auricles very unequal, umbonal angle ca. 80– 90°. Both valves sculptured with numerous (50–80) irregularly spaced, squamous or spiny radial costae. Antimarginal intercostal striated microsculpture throughout ontogeny, more prominent in broader interstices near ventral margin, commarginal intercostal lamellae restricted in early radial growth stages to central part of disc, more prominent on RV. Anterior auricle of LV with 7–15 spinose radial riblets, posterior auricle with 5–7 fine spinose radial riblets; anterior auricle of RV with 4–7 scabrous radial ribs, posterior one finer and more spinose. Hinge line straight, somewhat sloping near postero-dorsal margin. Byssal fasciole broad, byssal notch rather deep, active ctenolium with 5–8 prominent teeth on suture. Resilifer triangularly elongate. Colour very variable, orange, purple, white, brown or yellow, usually with pale lines or zones.

Type material: O. multistriata : Poli’s figure (1795: pl. 28, fig. 14) was designated as lectotype by Waller (1993). P. tinctus : lectotype BMNH 1981247 / 1 designated by Waller (1993), paralectotypes BMNH 1981247 / 2-3. P. effulgens : lectotype BMNH 1993039 / 1 designated by Waller (1993), paralectotype BMNH 1993039 /2. P. textilis : lectotype

38 39

Figs 38–39. Talochlamys multistriata ( Poli, 1795) : HD 3082 , False Bay, 8–12 m, pv, 21.9 x 18.5 mm. 38. LV exterior. 39. RV exterior .

BMNH 1993040 /1, designated by Waller (1993), paralectotype BMNH 1993040 /2. P. pusio var. alba : types lost? (not in OUZM) .

Regional locality data (all NMSA: NMDP unless otherwise stated, selected records only): SOUTH AFRICA: Natal: off Sheffield Beach, 70 m, muddy sand, dead (C9339); off Umlaas Canal, 100 m, coarse sand, dead (D1208); off Amanzimtoti, 260-270 m, medium sand, dead (D1174); same loc., 180 m, medium sand, dead (D1234); same loc., 115–125 m, medium sand, dead (D1263); same loc., 160-170 m, medium sand, dead (D1486); off Park Rynie, 140 m, some sand, sponge rubble, dead (C1580); SE of Umzimbazi River, 65 m, fine sand, dead (D3747). Transkei: off Mtamvuna River, 100 m, sponge rubble, dead (C5479); off Port Grosvenor , 100–115 m, sand, some mud, solitary coral, shells, dead (C1342); off Mbotyi, 45–50 m, mixed mud, sand, some rocks, gorgonians, few sponges, dead (C385); off Mgazi River , 190 m, glutinous black mud, dead (C8777); off Whale Rock, 72–78 m, loose rocks, sand, shell debris, dead (C3144); off Shixini Point, 70–75 m, coarse sand, broken shells, dead (C4422); off Nthlonyane River , 300 m, medium sand, dead (C8699); same loc., 345–400 m, fine sand, dead (C9209); off Qora River , 400 m, sand, dead (C4896); same loc., 350–360 m, muddy sand, small quantity broken shells, dead (C6722); same loc., 400–420 m, coarse slightly muddy sand, dead (C6862); same loc., 96 m, gorgonians, sponges, dead (C4660). Eastern Cape: off Nahoon, 85 m, medium sand, broken shell, dead (B8395); S of Cape Recife, 360–400 m, clean shell grit with much shallow-water shell debris, dead (V3355); Port Alfred , beach drift (B5633, B5631, B680: J. Hutt, E. K. Jordan); Port Elizabeth , beach drift (5014: RK) ; Jeffreys Bay , beachdrift (4996: RK) . Tsitsikamma Coast: Sedgefield, near Knysna, beach drift (A997: RK) ; off Cape Infanta, 30 m, sandstone, broken shell (S9121). Overberg: off Struis Bay, 30 m, sponges, stones, live (S7887); Hawston, near Hermanus, 23 m, reef, live (E6391: D. Herbert). False Bay : off Macassar Beach, 30 m, rock, coarse sand, live (S8164); Strandfontein, beach drift (A3980: C. Connolly); Glencairn, live (4999, A3561: C. Connolly); Simonstown, live (5013: RK) ; Buffels Bay, 1-2 m among tubeworms, live (E6502: V. Millard). Atlantic Cape: Sea Point, Table Bay , among Ecklonia holdfasts, live (A2252: RK) .

Distribution: Wide latitudinal range from Mediterranean and temperate eastern Atlantic to KwaZulu-Natal coast of South Africa, with an apparent gap between Namibia and Table Bay.

Habitat: Subtidal to inner continental shelf, living byssally attached to hard substrates (under rocks or stones), in the holdfasts of giant kelp, on tunicates or between rubble, often on soft bottoms.

Remarks: The present species is variable in outline and sculpture, and often distorted or deformed from its habit of nestling in crevices.

Southeastern Atlantic and South African specimens usually have a narrower umbonal angle (ca. 80-85°) and larger anterior auricles with more numerous radial riblets (ca. 12–17) than typical specimens from Mediterranean waters, but sculpture and microsculpture are identical. Intermediate variation is also observed (see Waller 1993: 213). Although Waller (1993) also recorded T. multistriata from ‘off southern Mozambique’, based on material housed in the USNM, our data does not indicate a range extending anywhere that far north or into the tropical waters of SE Africa. Perhaps this material is mislocalised or based on examples of the superficially similar Laevichlamys deliciosa .

Although multistriata has been referred to Chlamys by most authors (see synonymy), it lacks the shagreened interstitial microsculpture of that genus. Recently Waller (1993) transferred multistriata to Crassadoma Bernard, 1986 , in the subfamily Chlamydinae , The latter genus occurs in the northeastern Pacific, and no fossil or Holocene Crassadoma species appear to be known from the Indo-West Pacific region (Waller 1993). Adults of Crassadoma are cemented by the RV, and species are sculptured with prominent widely spaced intercostal commarginal lamellae; intercostal antimarginal striae are only produced on the flanks of the ribs near the posterior margin, most prominently on the RV. Talochlamys species are known from the Holocene of the Indo-Pacific (Dijkstra 1993: 24–28; Beu 1995: 17–19). In this genus antimarginal intercostal striae are developed throughout ontogeny and closely spaced intercostal commarginal lamellae are present at least in the early radial growth stage. Similar characters occur in multistriata .

Valves dredged in 300–420 m, mainly off Transkei, are doubtlessly derived from a Pleistocene regression; they tend to be slightly atypical in their more prominent commarginal lamellae in the early radial stage, and their smaller radial riblets.