Nothopleurus lobigenis Bates, 1884

Santos-Silva, Antonio, Swift, Ian P. & Nearns, Eugenio H., 2010, Division of the genus Nothopleurus Lacordaire, 1869 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae), Zootaxa 2643, pp. 1-44 : 12-15

Nothopleurus lobigenis Bates, 1884

( Figs. 3, 4 , 23, 24 , 38, 39 , 58 , 67, 71 , 76 )

Mallodon gnatho LeConte, 1858a: 81 ; 1858b: 40; 1873: 287; LeConte & Horn, 1883: 272.

Mallodon mandibulare Gemminger, 1872: 254 ; Bates, 1879: 10; Horn in Leng, 1884: 9; Horn, 1895: 337.

Mallodon mandibularis ; Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2770.

Nothopleurus mandibularis ; Bates, 1884: 234; Garnett, 1918: 172 (distr.).

Mallodon (Nothopleurus) dentiger Crotch, 1873: 82 ; Horn in Leng, 1884: 9 (syn.); Bates, 1884: 234 (syn.).

Nothopleurus lobigenis Bates, 1884: 235 ; Fragoso & Monné, 1995: 219 (cat.; part); Chemsak, 1996: 81, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4 (part); Monné, 2002: 16 (cat.; hosts); Noguera et al., 2002: 623 (distr.); Monné, 2004: 7, 13, 20, 27, 61, 66 (cat.; hosts); Santos-Silva & Martins, 2005: fig. 15; Monné & Hovore, 2005: 14 (checklist); 2006: 13 (checklist); Monné, 2006: 55 (cat.).

Stenodontes (Nothopleurus) lobigenis ; Lameere, 1902: 101; 1913: 14 (cat.); 1919: 33; Linsley, 1934b: 162 (distr.; part); 1935: 69 (distr.); Linsley & Ross, 1940: 76 (biol.); Linsley, 1942: 24 (syn.; distr.; part); Gilmour, 1954: 7, pl. 6, fig. 9.

Stenodontes (Mallodon) lobigenis ; Linsley, 1957: 4; 1962: 23 (part); Skiles, 1978: 414; Hovore, 1988: 2 (hosts; distr.; part); Chemsak et al., 1992: 15 (distr.); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 6 (cat.; part); Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 396 (distr.; part).

Stenodontes lobigenis ; Brimley, 1938: 209 (distr.); Blackwelder, 1946: 552 (cat.; part); Turnbow & Franklin, 1980: 347 (distr.); Chemsak et al., 1988: 293 (distr.); Chemsak & Noguera, 1993: 57 (distr.); Linsley & Chemsak, 1997: 435 (distr.).

Nothopleurus komiyai Santos-Silva & Martins, 2005: 394 ; Monné & Hovore, 2006: 13 (checklist). Syn. nov.

Male ( Fig. 3 ). Head, excluding mandibles, distinctly longer than prothorax, elongated behind eyes. Central area between antennal tubercles and base of upper ocular lobes, with gibbosity well marked on each side of longitudinal dorsal furrow, followed by punctiform depression. Central area of dorsal face with coarse, sparse punctures at region between gibbosities and middle of region between posterior edge of upper ocular lobe and occiput, and finer and more dense towards latter; laterally strongly vermiculated near upper ocular lobes and coarser and anastomose-punctate towards occiput; setation short and sparse on middle region, longer and more dense laterally. Area behind upper ocular lobe depressed and strongly, longitudinally vermiculated near eye, and rough towards occiput; area behind lower ocular lobe rough and longitudinally rugose close to upper ocular lobe, and longitudinally, strongly vermiculated from middle to base of lobe, and strongly and transversely vermiculated towards occiput. Antennal tubercles rounded, with apex projected laterally. Clypeus short (length ca. 0.27 times width), rugose-punctate, and strongly elevated laterally, forming a wide keel. Labrum sub-vertical (only lateral areas visible dorsally). Eyes proportionally large; distance between upper ocular lobes 1.7 times length of scape; distance between lower ocular lobes 1.8 times length of scape. Ocular carina narrow and distinct. Hypostomal area ( Fig. 23 ) strongly elevated near the gula, and very strongly depressed towards mentum; surface wholly rugose-punctate; setation long, sparse towards gula and more dense at depressed area. Hypostomal carina ( Fig. 23 ) strongly and gradually elevated from base to apex (major male), with apex curved interiorly. Maxillary palpomere III slightly shorter than IV. Apex of labial palps attaining ca. apex of maxillary palpomere III. Galea not attaining apex of maxillary palpomere II.

Mandibles ( Fig. 3 ) longer than head (major male); dorsal carina ( Fig. 38 ) strongly elevated from base to proximity of apical inner tooth, somewhat narrow throughout, and abruptly and obliquely lowered at apex (major male); inner face high, from lower margin to apex of carina at middle region, ca. 0.3 times length of mandible, almost perpendicular to apex of dorsal carina, mainly at middle area, and not notably wide (major male); infero-inner margin with small tooth before middle (major male); outer face more or less flat and oblique at basal half (major male); inner apical tooth distinctly shorter than external. Antennae not reaching middle of elytra; scape dorsally and ventrally coarsely and sparsely punctate, and coarsely and confluently punctate on anterior face; width of scape at apex 0.45 times length.

Anterior angles of prothorax with spine just before apex, not projected forward; lateral angles distinctly spinose; posterior angles distinctly projected; lateral margins distinctly spinose. Elytra finely punctate and not slightly rugose; elytral carinae distinct. Metepisternum ( Fig. 58 ) not notably narrowed and concave at inner margin (width at central region 0.12 times length). Genitalia ( Figs. 67, 71 ).

Female ( Fig. 4 ). Head, excluding mandibles, slightly longer than prothorax (major female). Sculpture of dorsal face of head, and area behind eyes as in male. Clypeus long (length ca. 0.4 times width), not strongly elevated laterally, but with deep depression at each side. Labrum visible dorsally. Distance between upper ocular lobes 1.7 times length of scape; distance between lower ocular lobes 1.3 times length of scape. Hypostomal area wholly vermiculated, slightly and gradually depressed from gula to mentum, with irregular and transverse depression near anterior edge; anterior edge abruptly vertical; setation as in male. Hypostomal carina ( Fig. 24 ) slightly and gradually elevated from base to apex, more abruptly elevated near apex. Mandibles ( Fig. 4 ) distinctly shorter than head; dorsal carina ( Fig. 39 ) elevated from base to proximity of apical inner tooth, not narrow throughout, and obliquely and gradually lowered to apex; inner face (from lower margin to apex of carina at middle region, distinctly shorter than 0.3 times length of mandible), oblique from inner edge to apex of dorsal carina, mainly at middle area, and notably wide; infero-inner margin without small tooth before middle; outer face somewhat rounded; inner apical tooth distinctly shorter than external. Antennae not reaching basal one-third of elytra; width of scape at apex 0.4 times length; sculpture of scape as in male. Angles and lateral margins of prothorax as in male. Metepisternum slightly concave in inner margin (width at central region 0.25 times length).

Variation. Male: Head, excluding mandibles, shorter than prothorax (minor male); central area of dorsal face of head, between antennal tubercles and base of upper ocular lobes, with gibbosity barely marked on each side of longitudinal dorsal furrow (minor male); area behind upper ocular lobe only vermiculate near eye (minor male); area behind lower ocular lobe ranging from rough and longitudinally rugose to simply rugose near upper ocular lobe, and longitudinally and strongly vermiculated to sparsely punctate from middle to base of lobe, or wholly transversely and strongly vermiculated; clypeus from short (major males) to long (minor males) (length from 0.27 to 0.45 times width); clypeus not strongly elevated laterally (not forming a distinct keel); labrum oblique to vertical, partially to wholly visible dorsally; eyes proportionally very large (minor male); distance between upper ocular lobes from 1.3 to 2.0 times length of scape at apex (distinctly larger in major male than in minor male); distance between lower ocular lobes from 1.1 to 2.0 times length of scape at apex (distinctly larger in major male than in minor male); hypostomal area slightly elevated near the gula, and barely depressed towards mentum; surface of hypostomal area from wholly rugose-punctate to distinctly vermiculated on angle and rugose-punctate on depression; hypostomal carina strongly and abruptly elevated at level of depressed region and slightly elevated close to gula (major male), or wholly slightly elevated (minor male); maxillary palpomere III slightly longer than IV; mandibles from shorter to longer than head (distinctly shorter in minor male); dorsal carina of mandible gradually lowered at apical one-third, and not narrow (major male), or not strongly elevated (minor male); inner face very wide, distinctly oblique to apex of dorsal carina, mainly at middle area (minor male), rarely concave or somewhat concave; inner face low (from lower margin to apex of carina at middle region, distinctly shorter than 0.3 times length of mandible); inferoinner margin of mandible without small tooth before middle (major and minor male not present in latter); inner margin of mandibles with one or more teeth together protracted (only in minor male and sometimes in males of medium size); outer face of mandible slightly rounded at basal two-thirds (minor male); antennae surpassing middle of elytra; scape confluently punctate dorsally at basal one-third; scape not confluently punctate at frontal face; width of scape at apex from 0.4 to 0.5 times length; anterior angles of prothorax without spine before apex; anterior angles of prothorax slightly projected forward; lateral angles of prothorax not distinctly spinose; lateral margins of prothorax partially crenulated and with short spines; elytra slightly rugose; width of metepisternum at central region from 0.12 to 0.15 times length.

Female: head as long as prothorax (minor female); depression at each side of clypeus not deep; labrum partially visible dorsally; distance between upper ocular lobes from 1.6 to 1.8 times length of scape; distance between lower ocular lobes from 1.2 to 1.4 times length of scape; hypostomal area depressed from middle area to anterior edge; inner apical tooth of mandibles sometimes almost indistinct; width of scape at apex from 0.35 to 0.50 times length; width of metepisternum at central region from 0.20 to 0.25 times length; lateral margins of prothorax somewhat crenulated.

Dimensions in mm (male/female). Total length (including mandibles), 22.1–52.8/28.6–52.0; prothoracic length, 3.6–7.3/4.1–7.3; anterior prothoracic width (between apices of anterior angles), 5.3–13.3/6.6–13.0; posterior prothoracic width (between apices of posterior angles), 5.4–13.5/6.3–12.8; humeral width, 6.1–14.3/ 8.2–15.8; elytral length, 14.0–29.3/18.8–33.9.

Types, type-localities. Mallodon gnatho (not White, 1853) ( Mallodon mandibulare ; Mallodon dentiger ): holotype male, from Mexico (Sonora) deposited at MCZN.

Nothopleurus lobigenis : holotype male, from Mexico (Oaxaca), deposited at MNHN.

Nothopleurus komiyai : holotype male, deposited at MZSP. Santos-Silva & Martins (2005) recorded that the type-locality of this species ( Brazil, Bahia, Santo Antonio) was doubtful because the species has characters similar to those from Central America . We are therefore excluding the species of the Brazilian fauna, because we believe that the holotype was incorrectly labeled.

Geographical distribution ( Fig. 76 ). United States [California ( Bates 1884), Arizona ( LeConte 1858b), Texas ( LeConte 1873), North Carolina ( Brimley 1938)], Mexico [Durango ( Noguera & Chemsak 1996), Jalisco ( Chemsak et al. 1988), Sonora (LeConte 1858), Oaxaca ( Bates 1884), Mexico ( Linsley 1935), Sinaloa ( Bates 1884), Nayarit (new record), Chiapas (new record), Puebla (new record), Morelos ( Noguera et al. 2002), Guerrero (new record)].

Material examined. MEXICO, male, [no date indicated], J. Flohr col. ( IRSN). Sonora: Alamos, male, VIII.15 –20.1958, R. L. Westcott col. ( EMEC); Guaymas, male, VIII.31.1968, R. W. Thorp col. ( EMEC); (Mira Mar Beach), female, VII.4.1953, Besson col. ( EMEC); Navojoa, female, VII.29.1957, R. L. Westcott col. ( EMEC); Sonoyta, female, VII.26.1966, J. A. & M. A. Chemsak, E. G. & J. M. Linsley col. ( EMEC); 16 km NE Ciudad Obregon, 2 males, VIII.20.1969, J. T. Doyen col. ( EMEC). Sinaloa: Choix, 2 males, VII.5.1968, T. A. Sears, R. C. Gardner, C. S. Glaser col. ( EMEC); Mazatlan, 2 males, VIII.10 –11.1970, J. A. Chemsak col. ( EMEC); 6 mi. S Culiacan, 2 males, VIII.06.1964, J. A. Chemsak & J. Powell col. ( EMEC); 8 mil. S Elota, female, VII.02.1968, F. D. Parker & L. A. Stange col. ( EMEC); 5 mi. N. Mazatlan, male, VII.01.1965, J. A. & M. A. Chemsak, E. G. & J. M. Linsley col. ( EMEC); 6 mi. E Villa Union, male, VI.30.1965, J. A. & M. A. Chemsak, E. G. & J. M. Linsley col. ( EMEC). Nayarit: Arroyo Santiago (8 mi. NW Jesus Maria), 3 males, 2 females, VII.05.1955, B. Malkin col. ( EMEC); Navarrete, 2 males, 2 females, VII.01.1962, A. E. Michelbacher col. ( EMEC); male, VII.01.1962, A. E. Michelbacher col. ( MZSP); San Blas, female, VI.07.1954, C. Dodson col. ( EMEC); male, VI.20.1954, C. Dodson col. ( EMEC); Tepic, male, V.20.1958, L. M. Smith col. ( EMEC); 2 mi. E San Blas, female, VI.24.1963, W. A. Foster col. ( EMEC). Puebla: 45 mi N Acatlan, 1 male, 1 female, VII.30.1963, J. Doyen col. ( EMEC). Guerrero: Hwy 200, 41 km NE Ixtapa, male, VII.17 –20.1985, J. E. Wappes col. ( ACMT). Oaxaca: Matias Romero, male, VIII.14.1963, F. D. Parker & L. A. Stange col. ( EMEC); near Cuicatlan, 3 males, VI.28.1972, G. H. Nelson & A. Lau col. ( EMEC); 23 mi S Matias Romero, 2 males, IV.5.1962, L. A. Stange col. ( EMEC). Chiapas: Tuxtla Gutierrez, 1 male, 1 female, V.03.1959, H. E. Evans col. ( EMEC). UNITED STATES, California: Riverside County, Blythe, male, VIII.12.1938, C. Dammers col. ( EMEC); male, VII.4.1957, J. W. MacSwain & R. F. Smith col. ( EMEC); Coachella, female, VIII.4.1924, F. H. Wymore col. ( MZSP); female, VIII.4.1924, F. H. Wymore col.

( MZSP); Palm Beach, N of Earp, male, VIII.25.1962, G. Bateman col. ( MZSP); Palm Springs, male, 1932, [no collector indicated] ( MZSP); 1 male, 2 females, 1932, [no collector indicated] ( EMEC); male, VII.06.1932, [no collector indicated] ( EMEC); male, VI.2.1940, [no collector indicated] ( EMEC); male, V.24.1940, R. Husbands col. ( EMEC). Arizona: Maricopa County, 9 mi N Sunflower, female, VII.15.1964, Jim Haddock col. ( EMEC); Pima County, Continental, male, VII.5 –10.1973, J. E. Wappes col. ( ACMT); Tucson, male, VI.15.1935, O. Bryant col. ( EMEC); Organ Pipe Cactus National Museum (Quitobaquito), male, E. Sleeper, W. Agnew, G. Nooman & P. Sullivan col. ( EMEC); Yuma County, Yuma, female, VIII.1940, [no collector indicated] ( EMEC).

Comments. Nothopleurus lobigenis is similar to N. madericus , but differs (both sexes) mainly by the latero-outer face of the mandibles not being notably tumid, and by the absence of a plate on the hypostomal area, parallel to the hypostomal carina.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 4. Habitus. 1. Nothopleurus castaneus (Casey, 1924), male; 2. idem, female; 3. Nothopleurus lobigenis Bates, 1884, male; 4. idem, female.

FIGURES 21 – 32. Head and prothorax, ventral view. 21. Nothopleurus castaneus, male; 22. idem, female; 23. N. lobigenis, male; 24. idem, female; 25. N. subsulcatus, male; 26. N. madericus, paratype male; 27. idem, female; 28. Hovorodon subcancellatum, male; 29. idem, female; 30. Hovorodon bituberculatum, male; 31. idem, female; 32. Hovorodon maxillosum, male.

FIGURES 33 – 56. 33 – 35, head and prothorax, ventral view: 33. Hovorodon maxillosum, female; 34. H. santacruzensis, paratype male; 35. idem, paratype female. 36 – 52, mandibles: 36. Nothopleurus castaneus, male, dorsal view; 37. idem, female, dorsal view; 38. N. lobigenis, male, dorsal view; 39. idem, female, dorsal view; 40. N. subsulcatus, male, lateral view; 41. N. madericus, male, lateral view; 42. idem, female, dorsal view; 43. Hovorodon subcancellatum, male, dorsal view; 44. idem, male, lateral view; 45. idem, female, dorsal view; 46. H. bituberculatum, male, dorsal view; 47. idem, male, lateral view; 48. idem, female, dorsal view; 49. H. maxillosum, male, dorsal view; 50. idem, female, dorsal view; 51. H. santacruzensis, male, dorsal view; 52. idem, female, dorsal view. 53 – 56, metatarsus: 53. Mallodon downesii Hope, 1843, male, dorsal view; 54. idem, lateral view; 55. M. arabicum, male, dorsal view; 56. idem, male, lateral view.

FIGURES 57 – 64. Metepisternum, male. 57. Nothopleurus castaneus; 58. N. lobigenis; 59. N. subsulcatus; 60. N. madericus; 61. Hovorodon subcancellatum; 62. H. bituberculatum; 63. H. maxillosum; 64. H. santacruzensis.

FIGURES 66 – 74. 66 – 69. Tegmen, lateral view: 66. Nothopleurus castaneus; 67. N. lobigenis; 68. N. subsulcatus; 69. Hovorodon subcancellatus. 70 – 74. Lateral lobes, lateral view: 70. Nothopleurus castaneus; 71. N. lobigenis; 72. N. subsulcatus; 73. H. subcancellatum; 74. H. bituberculatum.

FIGURES 75 – 78. Maps. 75. Distribution of Nothopleurus and Hovorodon; 76. Nothopleurus lobigenis (circle), N. castaneus (square), N. madericus (star); 77. Hovorodon subcancellatum (circle), H. santacruzensis (square); 78. H. bituberculatum (square), H. maxillosum (star), Nothopleurus subsulcatus (circle).