Saguinus fuscicollis (Spix, 1823)

Voss, Robert S. & Fleck, David W., 2011, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 1: Primates, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (351), pp. 1-81 : 31-33

Saguinus fuscicollis (Spix, 1823)

VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL 5 28): Marupa (AMNH 98292, 98294–98296), Nuevo San Juan (AMNH 268235, 268236, 272796; MUSM 11102), Orosa (AMNH 73742, 73746, 73748, 73749, 73984, 74038, 74040– 74043, 74045, 74046, 74048, 74051, 74053), Quebrada Esperanza (FMNH 88874), San Fernando (FMNH 88873), Santa Cecilia (FMNH 86958, 86964, 86965).

UNVOUCHERED REPORTS: Actiamë ( Amanzo, 2006), Choncó ( Amanzo, 2006), Divisor ( Jorge and Velazco, 2006), Itia Tëu ( Amanzo, 2006), Jenaro Herrera ( Aquino, 1978), Orosa ( Freese et al., 1982); Reserva Comunal Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo ( Puertas and Bodmer, 1993; Heymann and Aquino, 1994), Río Aucayo ( Castro and Soini, 1977), Río Tapiche ( Bennett et al., 2001), Río Yavarí (left bank below Angamos; Salovaara et al., 2003), Río Yavarí- Mirím ( Salovaara et al., 2003), Tapiche ( Jorge and Velazco, 2006).

IDENTIFICATION: The genus Saguinus was revised by Hershkovitz (1977), who referred specimens from Marupa, Orosa, Quebrada Esperanza, San Fernando, and Santa Cecilia to the subspecies S. fuscicollis nigrifrons (I. Geoffroy, 1850) . Our material from Nuevo San Juan is indistinguishable from the specimens examined by Hershkovitz and confirms his inference that a single coat-color phenotype ( table 7 ) occurs throughout most of the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve. 10 External and craniodental measurements from representative specimens are summarized in table 8 . Most saddleback tamarin specimens from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve are unaccompanied by weight data, but an adult female ( AMNH 268236) from Nuevo San Juan weighed 436 g, and an adult male ( AMNH 272796) from the same locality weighed 420 g.

REMARKS: Currently recognized species limits within the Saguinus nigricollis group of Hershkovitz (1977) are difficult to justify on the basis of recent mtDNA sequence analyses and new information about geographic ranges. As revised by Hershkovitz, this group included two polytypic species— S. nigricollis and S. fuscicollis —which were thought to occur sympatrically in Ecuador and Peru. A third species of this group, S. tripartitus , was recognized by Thorington (1988) on the basis of distributional data suggesting that it occurs (or once occurred) sympatrically with S. fuscicollis (contra Hershkovitz, 1977), and Groves (2001, 2005) additionally recognized S. graellsi and S.

melanoleucus (subspecies of S. nigricollis and S. fuscicollis , respectively, according to Hershkovitz, 1977) as valid species. However, recent primate surveys have failed to find any locality where two or more nominal taxa of the S. nigricollis group occur sympatrically ( de la Torre, 1996, 2000; Heymann, 2000; Heymann et al., 2002; Rylands et al., 2011) 11, and there is at least one well-documented case of natural hybridization between distinct coat-color phenotypes currently ranked as species ( Peres et al., 1996). Additionally, S. fuscicollis and S. nigricollis are not reciprocally monophyletic (whether or not tripartitus , graellsi , and/or melanoleucus are also recognized as full species), and pairwise genetic distances are generally lower within this complex than they are among most other currently recognized tamarin species ( Cropp et al., 1999; Matauschek et al., 2011).

Pending a taxonomically comprehensive revision of the Saguinus nigricollis group that takes newly discovered facts about genetic sequence variation, geographic distributions, and hybridization into account, we follow Hershkovitz’s (1977) nomenclature, but two plausible outcomes of future revisionary work could affect the nomenclature of populations in the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve.

If all of the tamarins in this complex were judged to be conspecific, the appropriate binomen for populations throughout the region would be S. nigricollis . Alternatively, if all morphologically diagnosable haplotype clades were recognized as full species ( Matauschek et al., 2011), then the voucher material we examined would be referrable to S. nigrifrons and the coat-color phenotype reported as occurring between the Río Tapiche and the Río Blanco (see above) would be called S. fuscicollis .

Six specimens of Saguinus fuscicollis (sensu Hershkovitz, 1977) are labeled as having been collected at Marupa (on the south bank of the Amazon) by Harvey Bassler; these include four examples of the nigrifrons phenotype and three examples of the lagonotus phenotype. The first four are listed above as vouchers, but the latter two (AMNH 98286, 98287) were alleged by Hershkovitz (1977) to have been collected on the opposite (north) bank of the Amazon. In the absence of any other material of lagonotus from south-bank localities, Hershkovitz’s hypothesis that AMNH 98286 and 98287 were mislabeled seems plausible because other vertebrate specimens that passed through the hands of Harvey Bassler are likewise associated with problematic locality data ( Wiley, 2010).

Tables

TABLE 7 Diagnostic Coat-color Differences Among Subspecies of Saguinus fuscicollis (sensu Hershkovitz, 1977) from the Yavarí-Ucayali and Adjacent Interfluvial Regions

	fuscicollis a	illigeri b	lagonotus c	nigrifrons d	tripartitus e
Forehead	grizzled-brownish	black	black	black	black
White frontal blaze	absent	absent	absent f	absent	present
Crown	grizzled-brownish	black	black	grizzled-brownish	black
Nape/mantle	grizzled-brownish	grizzled-brownish	red	grizzled-brownish	gold

a Juruá-Yavarí interfluve, but extending into the area between the upper Río Tapiche and the Río Blanco. b Ucayali-Marañón interfluve.

c Marañón-Napo

interfluve, excluding the area between the Río Napo and the Río Curaray.

d Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve.

e Between the Río Napo and the Río Curaray (part of the Marañón-Napo

interfluve).

f Indistinct pale frontal markings are present in some AMNH specimens.

TABLE 8 External and Craniodental Measurements (mm) of Saguinus fuscicollis from the Yavarí-Ucayali Interfluve

	Males a	Females b
HBL	226 (220–236) 3	225 (215–234) 5
LT	328 (300–346) 3	337 (325–346) 5
HF	73 (72–73) 3	71 (69–74) 5
Ear	32 (30–33) 3	30 (28–32) 4
CIL	38.6 ± 1.0 (36.9–40.2) 12	38.8 ± 0.8 (37.6–40.5) 12
OB	26.5 ± 1.0 (24.6–28.8) 13	26.3 ± 1.1 (24.6–28.7) 13
POC	22.9 ± 1.0 (20.5–24.3) 13	23.2 ± 0.8 (21.9–25.3) 13
ZB	31.9 ± 1.2 (30.3–34.3) 10	31.8 ± 1.8 (29.0–34.9) 11
BB	26.3 ± 0.7 (25.3–28.0) 13	26.6 ± 1.0 (24.9–28.9) 12
PPL	18.6 ± 0.3 (18.2–19.0) 13	19.1 ± 0.5 (18.2–19.7) 11
LMT	11.5 ± 0.4 (10.5–12.0) 12	11.4 ± 0.5 (10.5–12.2) 13
BM1	3.0 ± 0.1 (2.7–3.1) 14	3.0 ± 0.1 (2.8–3.1) 12
M1–M1	16.1 ± 0.5 (15.5–17.1) 14	16.0 ± 0.6 (15.0–17.1) 13
I2–I2	7.6 ± 0.4 (7.0–8.1) 13	7.6 ± 0.3 (7.0–8.1) 12

a Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation [for N $ 10], observed range in parentheses, and sample size) for measurements of AMNH 73742, 73746, 73748, 73749, 74038, 74040–74043, 98294, 98296, 272796; FMNH 86964, 88873.

b Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation [for N $ 10], observed range in parentheses, and sample size) for measurements of AMNH 73984, 74045, 74046, 74048, 74051, 74053, 98292, 98295, 268235, 268236; FMNH 86958, 86965, 88874.