Huarpea Cabrera (1951: 129)

Ferreira, Paola De Lima, Antonelli, Alexandre & Groppo, Milton, 2021, Touch me carefully: a step towards understanding morphological diversity in the South American spiny sunflowers (Compositae, Barnadesioideae), Phytotaxa 518 (2), pp. 109-142 : 134

9. Huarpea Cabrera (1951: 129)

Type: — Huarpea andina Cabrera

Rhizomatous subshrubs, up to 4.5 cm tall, unarmed; underground system formed by thickened rhizomatous stems, occurring at ground level and below. Stems erect, single- to much-branched, lenticelate, cylindrical, scales imbricated at base, tomentose. Leaves alternate, subrosulate, sessile, persistent, blade linear, coriaceous, lustrous, adaxial face glabrous, abaxial lanate, base truncate, margin revolute, ciliate, apex spiny, venation hyphodromous. Capitulescence terminal, monocephalous. Capitula 6-flowered, heterogamous, radiate, sessile, hidden by the leaves, involucre cylindrical–campanulate, 5–7-seriate, phyllaries coriaceous, lanceolate, erect, lanate, apex spiny, margin flat, ciliate. Receptacle flat, pilose. Flowers dimorphic. Ray flowers 5, bisexual, subbilabiate (4+1), 5-lobed, with the inner lobe shorter than the outer lobes, externally hirsute-sericeous, white, internally glabrous, yellow. Disc flower 1, male, tubular (5+0), externally sericeous-pilose, pistil not seen. Anthers 5, apical appendage lanceolate to obtuse, inserted at the throat of the corolla (ray flowers) or inserted between the base and the throat (disc flowers), filaments free, glabrous. Style cylindrical, yellow (ray flowers), not seen in disc flowers; Cypselae turbinate (ray flowers) or cylindrical (disc flowers), densely villous. Pappus plumose or single villous bristle or absent, equal to the corolla length. Pollen lophate, radially symmetrical, smooth (Suessy & Urtubey 2007). Chromosome number unknown.

Fig. 8b–e ; 10c .

Distribution and habitat: — Huarpea is a monotypic genus restricted to the department of Iglesia in San Juan province, Argentina ( Cabrera 1951). The sole species, H. andina , is found in the dry Monte vegetation above an altitude of 3,300 m ( Stuessy et al. 1996).

Notes: — Huarpea can be distinguished from the other Barnadesioideae genera by being unarmed subshrubs up to 4.5 cm tall, capitula hidden by the leaves, with 5 ray flowers, hermaphroditic and subbilabiate corollas and one-disc flower with tubular corollas and atrophied gynoecium ( Cabrera 1951, Stuessy et al. 2009). Phylogenetically, Huarpea is always recovered as sister to Barnadesia ( Bremer 1994, Stuessy et al. 1996, Gustafsson et al. 2001, Gruenstaeudl et al. 2009, Ferreira et al. 2019). This clade is distinguished by the radiate and heterogamous capitula, slightly sagittate or decurrent anther bases, lophate pollen, and atrophied gynoecium in the disc flowers (only in Barnadesia subgenus Bacasia ).

Iconography: — Cabrera (1951).

Accepted species:—9.1 Huarpea andina Cabrera

Selected specimens examined: — ARGENTINA. San Juan : Iglesia , Reserva de San Guillermo , Cordón del Infiernillo , 17 January 1083, E. Nicora 8573 (MO). Iglesia , Reserva de San Guillermo, alrededores del refugio de San Guillermo, al Sur, 11 November 1982, E.A. Ulibarri 1499 (US) . Iglesia , Reserva de San Guillermo , Reserva de San Guillermo, detras del refugio de Agua del Godo, 3000 m, R. Kiesling 4555 (MO) .

Figures

FIGURE 8. Fulcaldea and Huarpea. A: Fulcaldea. B–E: Huarpea. A: Fulcaldea stuessyi. Inflorescence with a white arrow showing swollen style below the branching point. B: Huarpea andina. Habit. C: Capitulum showing five ray flowers and a disc flower. D: Lateral view from the capitula. E: Dissected capitula showing three ray flowers (white) and a disc flower (yellow). Photos by Ivan Abreu (A) and Darwinion Institute (B–E).

FIGURE 10. Geographical distribution for the genera of Barnadesioideae. A: Dasyphyllum. B: Chuquiraga. C: Barnadesia (red dots) and Huarpea (blue triangle). D: Doniophyton (blue triangles); E: Archidasyphyllum (blue triangles); Fulcaldea (blue triangles)—these words (triagle) in plural (triangles).