Sertularelloides cylindritheca ( Allman, 1888 )

Castro Mendonça, Luana M., Parisotto Guimarães, Carmen R. & Haddad, Maria A., 2022, Taxonomy and diversity of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, Zoologia (e 21032) 39, pp. 1-65 : 56-58

Sertularelloides cylindritheca ( Allman, 1888)

Fig. 23E

Synonyms available from: Medel and Vervoort (1998), as Sertularella cylindritheca .

Sertularia cylindritheca Allman, 1888: 5960 , pl. 29, fig. 1, 1a.

Sertularella cylindritheca – Vannucci, 1951b: 107, 113, 114, – Oliveira et al., 2016: 118.

Sertularella catena –Maÿal, 1973: 39, fig. 24, 25, 1981b: 228, 1981c: 229, 230, 1981d: 23.

Description: Colonies erect, up to 12 cm high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, separated in internodes by transverse nodes. Internodes with one hydrotheca near the distal portion. Hydrocladia arising from the internodes below the hydrothecae in angles of 109.7–113.8 ° from the stem. Hydrocladia with variable length (1.4–2.8 cm), with hydrothecae arising alternately in internodes separated by transverse nodes. Hydrothecae arise from internodes in a short apophysis with a visible septum separating it from the hydrothecae. Hydrothecae cylindrical, elongated, 1.5–1.8 mm high, 0.6–0.8 mm wide, basal portion adnate to the stem, the remaining length free. Hydrothecal margin quadrangular with four short cusps, operculum with four valves of the same size. Renovations in the margin were found in several hydrothecae. Gonothecae elongated and inflated, 1.5–1.9 mm high, 0.9–1.1 mm wide, arising from a short pedicel, widening from the base to the medial portion and decreasing in length until the upper portion. One of the gonothecal walls straight and the opposite convex. Gonothecal margin with four equidistant cusps and one operculum with four valves (same size).

Material examined: PCS – abundant colonies, most of them with gonothecea, from the dry and rainy seasons; VB – one infertile colony from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00034; CNI-00067; CNI-00224; CNI-00225; CNI-00362; CNI-00365.

Stations: PCS – 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18; VB – C2P34.

Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.

Distribution: Brazil – Ceará ( Marques et al. 2006, Shimabukuro 2007), Fernando de Noronha ( Pires et al. 1992), Paraíba (Felipe F. Campos unpub. data), Pernambuco ( Maÿal 1983, Oliveira et al. 2009, abstract), Alagoas (Maximiliano M. Maronna unpub. data), Sergipe (Luana M.C. Mendonça unpub. data), Bahia ( Vannucci 1951a), Espírito Santo ( Grohmann et al. 1997), and São Paulo ( Migotto 1996, Silveira and Morandini 2011). World distribution – widely distributed from tropical and subtropical regions of Western and Eastern Atlantic ( Medel and Vervoort 1998).

Remarks: Most of the PCS material was not in a substrate in the sorting, however, some fragments were found with the tendrils on Aglaophenia rhynchocarpa , which could be a dispersion form. The colony found on the estuarine material was colonizing a plate.

Thyroscyphus marginatus ( Allman, 1877) Fig. 23G

Synonyms available from: Medel and Vervoort (1998), as Cnidoscyphus marginatus .

Obelia marginata Allman, 1877: 9 , pl. 6, fig. 1, 2.

Campanularia marginata – Vannucci, 1949: 228, pl. 1, figs 7–10, – Vannucci, 1950: 84, 1951a: 82, 1951b: 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, –Maÿal, 1973: 58, figs 40–46, 1983: 9, figs 15–17.

Description: Colonies erect, up to 7.1 cm, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, separated into internodes by transverse nodes. Internodes with two prominent apophyses that give rise alternately to a hydrotheca and, in the opposite portion to a hydrocladium. Hydrocladia 1.2–4.0 cm high, arising from the stem in angles of 105.2–144.3 ° generally alternate, equally separated in internodes by transverse nodes. Each internode from the hydrocladium with a distal apophysis carrying hydrothecae. Hydrothecae conical, 0.9–1.0 mm high, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, arising from a short pedicel, adcaulinar wall convex, abcaulinar straight. Margin smooth, with occasional renovations, with a ring form thickening. Operculum not seen. Unidentified discharged nematocysts saw on hydrothecae (23.6–26.8 × 6.1–6.9 µm).

Material examined: PCS – abundant infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00035; CNI-00112; CNI-00163; CNI-00226; CNI-00227; CNI-00389.

Stations: PCS – 5, 8, 9, 11, 12.

Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.

Distribution: Brazil – Sergipe (Luana M.C. Mendonça unpub. data), Pernambuco ( Maÿal 1983, Calder and Maÿal 1998), Espírito Santo ( Vannucci 1949, 1951b, Grohmann et al. 2003), and Rio de Janeiro ( Vannucci 1951a, Grohmann et al. 2003, Miranda et al. 2015).World distribution – species recorded from tropical regions of Western and Eastern Atlantic ( Medel and Vervoort 1998).

Remarks: One colony found on algae and for the other the substrate is unknown. Zooxanthellae found on hydrothecae and stem.

Thyroscyphus ramosus Allman, 1877 Fig. 23F

Synonyms available from: Galea (2008).

Thyroscyphus ramosus Allman, 1877: 11 , pl. 6, fig. 5, 6, –Migotto,

1996: 79, fig. 15A, B, –Shimabukuro and Marques, 2006: 32, figs 2–28.

? Thyroscyphus torresii –Maÿal, 1973 [polyp].

? Thyroscyphus vitiensis –Maÿal, 1973 [polyp].

Description: Colonies erect, up to 15 cm high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, divided into a defined pattern until third order, internodes separated by transverse well-defined nodes. Each internode with an apophysis in the medial portion and one opposite in the distal one. Each apophysis carries a hydrocladium. Hydrocladia 1.1–4.0 cm high, inserted in the stem in angles of 106.6–146 °, equally separated into internodes by transverse nodes. Each hydrocladium internode with two apophyses in same position as the cauline ones, each carrying one hydrotheca. Hydrothecae cylindrical, 1.0– 1.8 mm high, 0.4–0.8 µm wide, arising from the apophysis in a pedicel with spiral annulations, adcaulinar wall slightly convex and abcaulinar straight. Margin smooth with four equidistant cusps. Operculum with four triangular valves and rounded bases. Gonothecae conical, 1.4–2.0 mm high, 0.7–1.1 mm wide, longer than the hydrothecae, arising from the apophysis between the hydrothecal apophysis and the hydrocladium.

Material examined: PCS – abundant colonies, few of them with gonothecae, from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00036; CNI-00230;CNI-00231; CNI-00233; CNI-00379;CNI-00380.

Stations: PCS –1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.

Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.

Distribution: Brazil – Ceará ( Marques et al. 2006, Shimabukuro 2007), Pernambuco ( Calder and Maÿal 1998, Oliveira et al. 2009, abstract), Alagoas (Maximiliano M. Maronna unpub. data), Sergipe (Shimabukuro and Marques 2006, Luana M.C. Mendonça unpub. data), Bahia (Allman 1988), Espírito Santo ( Grohmann et al. 2003), Rio de Janeiro ( Nogueira et al. 1997), and São Paulo ( Migotto 1996, Silveira and Morandini 2011, Miranda et al. 2015). World distribution – species recorded from tropical western Atlantic and west coast of Africa ( Migotto 1996).

Remarks: unknown substrate.

Figures

Figure 23. (A-D) Tridentata tumida: general view of the basal portion of the stem with hydrothecae (A) and the detail portions of the hydrothecae of the distal (B) medial (C), and basal (D) parts of the stem. (E) Sertularelloides cylindritheca: detail of one hydrotheca with margin renovations; (F) Thyroscyphus ramosus: detail of one hydrotheca with margin renovations and the four opercular valves; (G) Thyroscyphus marginatus: detail of a hydrotheca without operculum.