Amaryllis macrophthalma Haswell, 1879

Lowry, J. K. & Stoddart, H. E., 2002, The Amaryllididae of Australia (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea), Records of the Australian Museum 54, pp. 129-214 : 152-157

Amaryllis macrophthalma Haswell

Figs. 20–22

Amaryllis macrophthalmus Haswell, 1879: 253 , pl. 8 fig. 3.– Haswell, 1882: 227.– Della Valle, 1893: 781 (in part).–J.L. Barnard, 1974: 140.–Barnard & Karaman, 1991: 461.– Springthorpe & Lowry, 1994: 129.

Amaryllis macrophthalma .– Stebbing, 1906: 24 (in part).– Chilton, 1921: 55 (in part).– Guiler, 1952: 28.–J.L. Barnard, 1958: 88.– J.L. Barnard, 1972: 262, figs. 156–158 (in part).– Poore et al., 1975: 34, 67 (in part).

not Glycerina affinis Chilton, 1885: 1036 , pl. 47 fig. 1.– Della Valle, 1893: 849.

possibly Amaryllis macrophthalma .– Hale, 1929: 208.– Sheard,

1937: 18 (list).– Sergeev et al., 1988: 102 (table 1). not Amaryllis macrophthalmus .–Stebbing, 1888: 706, pl. 29.–

Thomson, 1902: 463.– Hutton, 1904: 258.– Chilton, 1906: 267.–

Stebbing, 1908: 67.– Stebbing, 1910b: 448. not Amaryllis macrophthalma .– Walker, 1909: 327.– Stebbing,

1910a: 569, 633 (= A. kamata and B. endota ).– Chilton, 1912:

463.–K.H. Barnard, 1916: 114.– Schellenberg, 1926: 243.–

Schellenberg, 1931: 10.–K.H. Barnard, 1932: 34.– Pirlot, 1933:

122.–K.H. Barnard, 1937: 141.– Pirlot, 1939: 73.–K.H. Barnard,

1940: 514 (list).–Grindley & Kensley, 1966: 8.– Day et al.,

1970: 50.– Griffiths, 1973: 292.– Griffiths, 1974a: 199.–

Griffiths, 1974b: 247.– Griffiths, 1974c: 308.– Griffiths, 1975:

144.– Griffiths, 1976: 56, fig. 31A, B.–Lowry & Bullock, 1976:

83.– Griffiths, 1977: 107.–Kensley & Penrith, 1977: 189 (list).–

Ledoyer, 1978: 304.– Ledoyer, 1979: 112, fig. 71.– Ledoyer, 1986:

718, fig. 275.– Alonso, 1987: 2, figs. 1–15.– Gonzalez, 1991: 58. not Amaryllis ? macrophthalma .–Lyons & Myers, 1991: 614, fig. 13. Type material. NEOTYPE, female, 21.5 mm, ovigerous (14 eggs), AM P37214, Derwent Estuary, D’Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania, Australia, [approx. 42°54'S 147°23'E], Fisheries Department, March 1940, Tasmanian Biological Survey, Station OL 81.

Haswell (1879) did not designate type material for A. macrophthalma , but he indicated that material examined by him was held in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. This material is now either lost or no longer exists (see J.L. Barnard, 1974:139–140 and Springthorpe & Lowry, 1994: 129, for further discussion of Haswell’s material). We are establishing a neotype for two reasons: Amaryllis macrophthalma is the type species of the genus (selected by Pirlot, 1933) and as such must be clearly and adequately established; we now recognize many species in the genus Amaryllis and a neotype is needed to clearly distinguish A. macrophthalma from several closely related species.

The original locality for A. macrophthalma was given as “ Tasmania ”. There is no extant material of A. macrophthalma from Tasmania in the Macleay Museum or the Australian Museum which could have been examined by Haswell. We have examined material from Tasmania which includes at least three species. From Haswell’s rather poor description and figures two characters, when taken together, are diagnostic: the square (rather than rounded) posterior margin of the basis of pereopod 7 (pl. 8 fig. 3) and the large size of the species (“nine-and-a-half lines” or approx. 20 mm). These characters are the basis for our neotype selection.

Additional material. NEW SOUTH WALES: 3 females and 1 immature male, AM P 37211, Port Jackson, [approx. 33°52'S 151°13'E], [from AM Old Collection]. 1 female, AM P 18203, 8 km E of Green Cape, [approx. 37°16'S 150°08'E], 82 m, K. Moller, May 1930. 3 females, AM P 18332, 19– 35 km NE of Green Cape, [approx. 37°00'S 150°08'E], 71–84 m, A. A .

Livingstone & H. O . Fletcher, June 1924, Goonambee. VICTORIA: 1 female, AM P 18268 , SW of Point Hicks , 37°55'S 149°00'E, 77 m, R. J . MacIntyre , 20 June 1962, HMAS Gascoyne , stn G2 / 61/6. 13 specimens, NMV J 11545 , Bennison Channel, Corner Inlet , 38°49'S 146°23'E, 6 m, sand and shell grit, airlift, G. J . Morgan , 23 November 1983, stn CIN 28 E . 2 specimens, NMV J3793 , Crawfish Rock, Western Port , 14 m. 34 specimens, AM P 37400, NMV J3325 , NMV J3792 and J3795 to J3797 , unknown localities in Western Port. 64 specimens from various localities in Port Phillip Bay , under the following registration numbers: NMV J3236 (1) , J3237 (4) , J3240 (2) , J3242 (1) , J3243 (4) , J3246 (4) , J3249 (1) , J3250 (1) , J3251 (4) , J3252 (2) , J3253 (1) , J3255 (1) , J3257 (1) , J3258 (1) , J3260 (6) , J3264 (1) , J3265 (1) , J3266 (5) , J3267 (9) , J3268 (1) , J3273 (4) , J3332 (8) , J3333 (1) . BASS STRAIT: 48 specimens, AM E5674 ; 28 specimens, AM P2326 ; E of Flinders Island, eastern Bass Strait, [approx. 40°01'S 148°02'E], FIS Endeavour collection. 5 specimens, AM E6524 and 5 specimens, AM P5914 , eastern slope, Bass Strait, FIS Endeavour collection. 1 specimen, NMV J7655 , 42 km SSW of Lakes Entrance, Victoria, eastern Bass Strait , 38°18.5'S 147°37.5'E, 46 m, muddy fine shell, otter trawl, M . Gomon & R . Wilson, 31 July 1983, FV Silver Gull , stn BSS-210. 10 specimens, NMV J 13995 , 8 km S of South East Point, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, central Bass Strait , 39°12.9'S 146°27.3'E, 65 m, medium sand, epibenthic sled, R . Wilson , 18 November 1981, RV Tangaroa , stn BSS-180. 1 specimen, NMV J 13994 , 43 km SE of Port Albert, Victoria, eastern Bass Strait , 38°53.7'S 147°06.5'E, 58 m, coarse shell, R . Wilson , 18 November 1981, RV Tangaroa , stn BSS-177. 1 specimen, NMV J 13993 , 33 km S of Deal Island, Tasmania, Central Bass Strait , 39°47.3'S 147°19.3'E, 60 m, muddy sand, epibenthic sled, R . Wilson , 14 November 1981, RV Tangaroa , stn BSS-161. 4 specimens, NMV J 13992 , 57 km S of Rodondo Island, central Bass Strait , 39°46.0'S 146°18.0'E, 80 m, muddy shell, epibenthic sled, R . Wilson , 13 November 1981, RV Tangaroa , cruise 81-T-1, stn BSS-159. 4 specimens, NMV J7612 , 39 km NNE of Devenport, central Bass Strait , 40°49.8'S 146°31.3'E to 40°48.2'S 146°33.7'E, 68–70 m, mud, otter trawl, M. F . Gomon , G. C. B .

Poore & C. C . Lu, 4 February 1981, FRV Hai Kung , stn BSS-135. 11 specimens, NMV J 13991 , 5 km N of North Point, central Bass Strait , 40°40.3'S 145°15'E, 33 m, medium shell, epibenthic sled, M . Gomon and G. C. B . Poore on FRV Sarda , 4 November 1980, stn BSS 115. 7 specimens, NMV J 11263 , 47 km E of Cape Rochon, Three Hummock Island, central Bass Strait , 40°23.8'S 145°32'E, 65 m, muddy sand, epibenthic sled, M . Gomon & G. C. B . Poore , 3 November 1980, stn BSS- 113. 17 specimens, NMV J 13990 , 23 km E of Cape Rochon, Three Hummock Island, central Bass Strait , 40°22.2'S 145°17'E, 40 m, sand, epibenthic sled, M . Gomon & G. C. B . Poore , 3 November 1980, FRV Sarda , stn BSS 112. 4 specimens, NMV J2312 , 5 km E of Cape Edie, Robbins Island, central Bass Strait , 40°41.8'S 145°07'E, 16 m, fine shelly sand, M . Gomon & G. C. B . Poore , 3 November 1980, FRV Sarda , stn BSS-110. 63 specimens, NMV J 13989 , 9 km SSW of Cape Adansan, Three Hummock Island, central Bass Strait , 40°30.9'S 144°56'E, 27 m, very coarse sand, epibenthic sled, M . Gomon & G. C. B . Poore , 2 November 1980, FRV Sarda , stn BSS 109. 23 specimens, NMV J2320 and 10 specimens, AM P 37399, 28 km E of Cape Farewell, King Island, central Bass Strait , 39°32.8'S 144°16'E, 18 m, fine sand, epibenthic sled, M . Gomon & G. C. B . Poore , 1 November 1980, FRV Sarda , stn BSS-107. 2 specimens, NMV J 11253 , 59 km W of Stokes Point, King Island, western Bass Strait , 40°07'S 143°14'E, 185 m, sandy mud, grab, G. C. B . Poore , 11 October 1980, HMAS Kimbla , stn BSS-104. TASMANIA: 1 male, AM E5680 ; 6 specimens, AM P5921 ; and 7 specimens, AM P 18323 ; 16 km N of Circular Head, [approx. 40°40'S 145°18'E], 146–219 m, FIS Endeavour collection. 1 specimen, NMV J 13997, 500 m W of Darlington, Maria Island , 42°35'S 148°02'E, 30 m, algal and drift holdfast fauna, trawl, R. S . Wilson , 23 April 1985, RV Challenger , NMV stn TAS-27. 1 specimen, NMV J 13998 , same locality, 30 m, NMV stn TAS-33. 1 specimen, NMV J 14000 , E of Maria Island , 42°36'S 148°10'E, 75 m, fine bryozoans and shell, epibenthic sled, R. S . Wilson , 23 April 1985, RV Challenger , NMV stn TAS-30. 9 specimens, AM P 37213 , entrance to Oyster Bay, Maria Island , [approx. 42°41'S 148°02'E], 29 July 1909, K . Sheard Collection. 2 specimens, AM E6603 , off Maria Island, 143 m, FIS Endeavour collection. 1 male, AM P 37215 (illustrated specimen) and 5 females, AM P 37216, type locality. 2 specimens, SAMA C5981 , off Gordon, D’Entrecasteaux Channel , [approx. 43°16'S 147°14'E], CSIR , 20 October 1938. 5 specimens, NMV J 13999 , 2.5 km SE of Birches Bay, D’Entrecasteaux Channel , 43°11'S 147°16'E, 10 m, lip dredge, R. S . Wilson , 16 April 1985, RV Penghana , NMV stn TAS-1. 7 specimens, AM P 37212 , D’Entrecasteaux Channel , 9 m, dredged on scallop banks, K . Sheard Collection. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 6 specimens, AM P 59046 , Nepean Bay, Kangaroo Island , [approx. 35°42'S 137°37'E], dredged, F . Moorhouse , May 1938. 1 specimen, SAMA C5982 , 8 miles W of Halletts Cove, Gulf St Vincent , [approx. 35°05'S 138°30'E], tow net, H. M . Hale & K . Sheard , 14 April 1945. 3 specimens, SAMA C5983 , Dangerous Reef, Spencer Gulf ,[approx. 34°49'S 136°12'E], dredged, K . Sheard. 11 specimens, AM P 59047 , unknown locality in Spencer Gulf and/or Gulf St Vincent .

Type locality. Derwent Estuary , D’Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania, Australia, [approx. 42°54'S 147°23'E] .

Description. Based on neotype, female, 21.5 mm, ovigerous (14 eggs), AM P37214. Head much deeper than long, anterior margin with notch extended into a slit; rostrum absent; eye present, elongate, reniform. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 not ball-shaped proximally, distal margin with well-developed medial spine; peduncular article 2 medium length; flagellum without callynophore, calceoli absent. Antenna 2 flagellum about as long as that of antenna 1, without calceoli. Mouthpart bundle subconical. Epistome/ upper lip with broad mid-anterior bulge (lateral view). Mandible lacinia mobilis a stemmed, distally-cusped blade; accessory setal row with intermediate setae; palp article 2 with 5 posterodistal setae, article 3 without A3-seta. Maxilliped outer plate with distal margin smooth, medial margin without notch.

Gnathopod 1 carpus subequal in length to propodus (0.9×); propodus, posterior margin without robust setae. Gnathopod 2 palm slightly acute, with 2–4 lateral robust setae, 2–3 medial robust setae. Pereopods 3 and 4 merus and carpus without setal fringe. Pereopod 4 coxa with anterior and posterior margins subparallel, anteroventral corner rounded. Pereopods 5–7 with distal articles elongate, dactyls short and stocky. Pereopod 5 basis expanded posteriorly, rounded. Pereopod 7 basis subrectangular, posteroventral corner subquadrate, posteroventral margin straight.

Epimeron 3 posterior margin smooth, with notch well above rounded posteroventral corner. Uropod 1 peduncle dorsolateral margin with 18 robust setae; outer ramus without large spines between robust setae. Uropod 2 inner ramus slightly constricted. Uropod 3 rami lanceolate; without plumose setae; outer ramus 1-articulate. Telson moderately cleft (about 50%).

Male (sexually dimorphic characters). Based on male, 17.8 mm, AM P37215. Antenna 1 flagellum with callynophore (reduced).Antenna 2 flagellum with calceoli. Mandible palp article 2 with 14 posterodistal setae. Gnathopod 2 palm with 1 lateral robust seta and 2 medial robust setae.

Remarks. Amaryllis macrophthalma belongs to a small group of species with a smooth posterior margin on epimeron 3 and a subrectangular basis on pereopod 7 ( A. macrophthalma , A. philatelica and A. spencerensis ). Within this group A. macrophthalma and A. spencerensis both have a well-developed medial spine on peduncular article 1 of antenna 1 and a notch well above the rounded posteroventral corner on epimeron 3. In Amaryllis macrophthalma the posteroventral corner of the basis of pereopod 7 is subquadrate but not notched (it is notched in A. spencerensis ), and there are more robust setae defining the palm of gnathopod 2 in the female.

Habitat. Amaryllis macrophthalma occurs most frequently on sand, shell and mud bottoms of both fine and coarse sediment.

Distribution. Southeastern Australia, predominantly Bass Strait and Tasmania; 6–219 m depth.