Blechnum austrobrasilianum Sota (1975: 48)

Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira, Salino, Alexandre & Monteiro, Reinaldo, 2015, The Blechnum occidentale (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) species group in southern and southeastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 231 (3), pp. 201-229 : 207-209

3. Blechnum austrobrasilianum Sota (1975: 48) . Fig. 2A–D

Replaced synonym: Blechnum rosenstockii Sota (1973: 254) , non Blechnum rosenstockii ( Copeland 1931: 394) . Blechnum glandulosum Kaulf. ex Link (1822: 462) subsp. austrobrasilianum (de la Sota) Prada & Rolleri in Rolleri et al. (2012: 68). Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, 1906, A. Stier s.n. (holotype US 00067441, isotypes P00627579, S05-10123).

Plants terrestrial; rhizomes erect or ascending, stoloniferous, the scales narrowly triangular, dark brown, concolorous, 2.9 × 0.7 mm, margins entire; fronds monomorphic, 17.6–56.0 cm long; stipes 4.0– 26.2 cm long, 1.4–2.1 mm diam., paleaceous, at the base or throughout whole length with tan scales, lighter on apex of the stipe, concolorous, with or without long marginal projections, with rare denticles, narrowly triangular, 3.3 × 1.0 mm at the base; blades 13.6–33.1 × 2.4–18.7 cm, lanceolate to deltoid-lanceolate, chartaceous, pinnate at the base, with pinnatifid apex, truncate at base or with reduced basal pinnae, but never to lobes or auricles; rachis with multicellular trichomes and sparse scales on abaxial surface; few multicellular trichomes adaxially; pinnae 18–29 pairs, 1.2–9.2 × 0.3–0.7 cm, reflexed (basal ones), patent or slightly ascending, basal ones with acroscopic side partially or fully adnate and basiscopic side totally free or partially adnate, median and apical ones totally adnate, triangular to linear, with acute apex, margin apparently entire (finely denticulate), with hyaline multicellular trichomes on abaxial costa or glabrous; veins free, 1–(2)-bifurcate, very rarely forming any areole(s) at the junction of the rachis and costa, with clavate ends before the margin.

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo [first record], Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), furthermore Bolivia, northeast and northwest Argentina, and Paraguay [first record]. This is a common species in the study area, and therefore not threatened. It grows along trails, roadsides, ravines, secondary forests, streambanks or within tropical and subtropical rainforests, Araucaria forests, seasonal deciduous and semideciduous forests and in grasslands. In the study area, it grows between 250 and 1900 m.

Comments: —This species is very close to Blechnum occidentale and Blechnum laevigatum Cavanilles (1802: 263) . It differs from the first by its thin-textured blade and basal pinnae (totally free acroscopically and basiscopically in B. occidentale , partially or completely adnate to the rachis at the acroscopic side and free at the basiscopic side in B. austrobrasilianum ). Furthermore, specimens in the field differ by the arrangement of the pinnae: in B. occidentale the basal pinnae are almost perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of the rachis, while in B. austrobrasilianum these pinnae are almost parallel to the longitudinal plane of the rachis, a trait that is difficult to observe in herbarium specimens. Furthermore, B. occidentale has a preference for lower areas than B. austrobrasilianum , although there is some overlap of the two species in nature, at least in Brazil. Sota (1973) described it as B. rosenstockii , but as this name was already used by Copeland for a plant of the Malay Archipelago ( Copeland, 1931), a new name had to be designated. Later, Sota (1975) corrected the mistake renaming it B. austrobrasilianum . Sehnem (1968) referred materials of this species to B. glandulosum Kaulf. ex Link (1822: 462) , here treated as a synonym of B. occidentale .

Selected specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Antônio Carlos , 26 April 1982, L. Krieger s.n. ( CESJ 19022 — collection mixed with Blechnum occidentale L.) ; Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, trilha para o Pico do Boné , 26 May 2000, A. Salino et al. 5510 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; Barbacena, Futuro Distrito Industrial de Barbacena , 21°13’15.64”S, 43° 44’36.24”W, ca. 1180 m, 09 December 2002, V.A.O. Dittrich 1264 & A. Salino ( HRCB) ; Camanducaia, trilha para o pico do Selado, Monte Verde , 1650 m, 18 August 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 925 ( HRCB) ; Marmelópolis, trilha para o Pico dos Marins , entre 22°30’– 22°31’S e 45°08’30”– 45°09’30”W, 1450 m, 03 April 2002, V.A.O. Dittrich 1123 ( HRCB) ; Nova Lima , Estação Ecológica de Catarina, 20°04’10”S, 44°00’07”W, 08 November 2001, L.C.R.S. Teixeira et al. 17 ( HRCB — collection mixed with B. occidentale L.) ; Ouro Preto, Estação Ecológica do Tripuí , 1200 m, A. Salino 8087 ( BHCB, HRCB) ; Poços de Caldas, Campo do Saco , 23 November 1988, J.T. Motta 1556 ( MBM) ; Sapucaí Mirim, Propriedade da Klabin, 19 August 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich 935 et al. ( HRCB). Espírito Santo: Castelo , Parque Estadual de Forno Grande , 20°31’10”S, 41°05’14”W, 1250 m, 26 June 2008, A. Salino et al. 13634 ( BHCB). Rio de Janeiro: Engenheiro Passos, rod. Engenheiro Passos — S. Lourenço, km 2–3, 22°27’S, 44°43’W, 1030 m, 16 January 1990, M.F. Morel 67 ( SJRP) ; Serra da Estrela, April 1929, A.C. Brade s.n. ( HB). São Paulo: Arujá, Vertentes do Arujá , 12 July 1981, O. Yano 3665 ( SP) ; Bananal, Estação Ecológica de Bananal , trilha da Estação, 1150 m, 11 September 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 958 ( HRCB) ; Cabreúva, Mata da Casa Branca , 17 March 1994, K.D. Barreto et al. 2191 ( ESA) ; Campos do Jordão, São José dos Alpes , ca. 1900 m, 08 June 1992, A. Salino 1397 ( BHCB) ; Cosmorama, estrada vicinal Ângelo Gabaldi, Fazenda Borges , ca. 20°29’S, 49°47’W, August 1997, N. Almeida-Neto & F.P.F. Athayde 278 ( SJRP) ; Cubatão, Rod. SP-150, ca. 23°53’S, 46°26’W, 21 May 1995, M.R. Pietrobom-Silva 1771 ( SJRP) ; Cunha, rod. Cunha-Parati, estrada para a Pedra da Macela , 17 December 1996, A. Salino 2942 ( BHCB, ESA) ; Natividade da Serra, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo de Santa Virgínia , Base de Vargem Grande , trilha para a Cachoeira da Boneca , 23°25’57”S, 45°12’36”W, ca. 800 m, 10 August 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 915 ( HRCB) ; São Luís do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo de Santa Virgínia , Trilha da Pirapitinga , 890 m, 04 March 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 855 ( HRCB) ; São Paulo, Parque do Estado de São Paulo, 22 May 1947, W. Hoehne 2493 ( MBM, SPF) ; Sete Barras, Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho, estrada São Miguel Arcanjo — Sete Barras ( SP 139 , km 69), 24°08’29”S, 47°59’39”W, 21 April 2002, R.G. Udulutsch et al. 608 ( ESA) ; Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba , Trilha da Vargem Grande ao Ipiranguinha , 300 m, 30 October 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 976 ( HRCB). Paraná: Adrianópolis, Parque Estadual das Lauráceas, 11 January 2000, V.A.O. Dittrich et al. 700 ( HRCB) ; Campina Grande do Sul, Ribeirão Grande , 06 February 1968, G.G. Hatschbach 18537 ( MBM) ; Curitiba, Parque Barigui , 31 May 1996, C. Kozera & V.A.O. Dittrich 144 ( MBM, UPCB) ; Itaperuçu , 14 February 1967, L.T.D. Dombrowski 2452 ( MBM) ; Jaguariaíva , Rio das Mortes, 17 December 1992, J. Cislinski 28 & A.C. Cervi ( UPCB) ; Laranjeiras do Sul, Rio Iguaçu, Salto Osório , 350 m, 20 April 1970, G.G. Hatschbach 24181 ( MBM, PACA) ; Lapa, Passa Dois , December 2003, V.A.O. Dittrich 1310 ( HRCB) ; Palmas, Solais , 08 June 1987, J.T. Motta et al. 976 ( MBM) ; Palmeira, Rod. BR-2, Rio Tibagi , 780 m, 31 March 1963, G.G. Hatschbach 9990 ( MBM) ; Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra , ca. 1050 m, 23 May 1998, V.A.O. Dittrich & R.F. Torres 368 ( ICN) ; Ponta Grossa, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha , 15 December 2003, P.B. Schwartsburd 53 & A. C. Hatschbach ( HRCB) ; Quatro Barras , 06 April 1971, L.T.D. Dombrowski & Y.S. Kuniyoshi 3412 ( PACA) ; Rio Negro , 18 December 1950, A. Frenzel s.n. ( MBM 4709 ) ; São Mateus do Sul, Rio Potinga , 15 March 1974, R. Kummrow 406 ( MBM) ; Tunas do Paraná, Colônia João XXIII, 27 June 2002, O.S. Ribas & L.M. Abe 4723 ( MBM). Santa Catarina: Catanduvas, 28 December 1963, R. Reitz 16362 & R.M. Klein ( HBR) ; Celso Ramos, Encosta do Rio Canoas , 21 July 2000, J. Spanholi s.n. ( MBM 251109 ) ; Guaraciaba, São Luís , 03 January 1964, R. Reitz 16958 & R.M. Klein ( HBR) ; Seara, Nova Teotônia , 23 April 1944, F. Plaumann 526 ( HBR) ; Sombrio, Sanga da Areia , 17 September 1944, R. Reitz C696 ( HBR) ; Urubici, Morro da Cruz , 09 November 2001, G.G. Hatschbach et al. 72480 ( HRCB, MBM). Rio Grande do Sul: Antonio Prado , Passo Zeferino , February 1935, J. Dutra 1223 ( ICN) ; Bagé, Casa de Pedra , 330 m, 03 November 1989, I. Fernandes 731 ( ICN) ; Cambará do Sul, Fortaleza , 1100 m, 01 May 1997, R.A. Wasum et al. s.n. ( MBM 220238 ) ; Canela, Parque do Caracol , 05 January 1973, M.L. Porto s.n. ( ICN 25771 ) ; Canoas, Capões , 26 March 1949, L. Afonso s.n. ( ICN 17124 , SPF s.n.) ; Caxias do Sul, Conceição , 750 m, 24 October 1987, R.A. Wasum et al. s.n. ( MBM 119127 ) ; Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo, estrada para o Porto Garcia , 09 July 1981, R.M. Bueno 43, 44 ( ICN) ; Dom Pedro de Alcântara , 10 October 1981, R.M. Bueno s.n. ( ICN 88263 ) ; Esmeralda, Estação Ecológica Aracuri , 920 m, 29 March 1982, L.A. Cestaro s.n. ( ICN 60038 ) ; Farroupilha, Vale do Rio das Antas , Linha Jacinto , 06 August 1962, O.R. Camargo 3673 ( PACA) ; Flores da Cunha, Otávio Rocha , 700 m, 15 July 1989, R.A. Wasum et al. s.n. ( MBM 143793 ) ; Gravataí, Morro do Itacolomi , 22 December 1958, A. Backes 160 ( ICN) ; Lajeado , II.1989, R.M. Senna s.n. ( ICN 83984 ) ; Montenegro, Linha São Pedro , 500 m, 22 February 1948, A. Sehnem 3261 ( MBM, PACA) ; Pelotas, Horto Florestal , 09 June 1959, J.C. Sacco 1340 ( HBR) ; Porto Alegre, Morro Santana , 30°05’S, 51°08’W, 24 January 1991, R.A. Záchia et al. 306, 307 ( ICN) ; Santa Maria, Lar Metodista , May 1985, M. Sobral 3868 ( ICN) ; São Leopoldo, Quinta São Manoel, without date, J. Dutra 15 ( ICN) ; São Sebastião do Caí , 12 April 1959, A. Backes 236 ( ICN) ; Sapucaia do Sul, Morro Sapucaia , 290 m, 06 July 1986, I. Fernandes 157 ( ICN) .— PARAGUAY: Guairá, entre Itapé et Villarica (?), IV.1876, B. Balansa 383 (K) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. A–D. Blechnum austrobrasilianum: A. Habit. B. Part of a pinna showing venation. C. Basal pinnae. D. Rhizome scale. E–G. Blechnum × caudatum: E. Habit. F. Basal pinnae. G. Rhizome scale. (A–D from L. Krieger s.n., CESJ8355; E–G from L. Krieger & M.C. Brügger s.n., CESJ15908).