Asphondylia cipo, Urso-Guimarães, 2018

Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia, 2018, A new species of Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a key to separate species of the genus associated with Asteraceae from Neotropical region, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 58, pp. 1-7 : 5-7

Identification key to the species of Asphondylia associated with Asteraceae in the Neotropical region

The male and female characters of Asphondylia are near all similar among the species, that’s why most of the characters used in the key are from pupa, larva, host plants, and galls. The adults of A. ulei Rübsaamen , Asphondylia zacatechichi Möhn , and Asphondylia zexmeniae Möhn ; the pupa of A.ajallai Möhn , A.corbulae Möhn , A.herculesi Möhn ; and the larvae of A. tithoniae Möhn are unknown; A. duplicornis Wünsch is known only from fe- vic. San Vicente) because the type specimens are lost. male and pupa. The original description of A. baccharis Asphondylia hieronymi (Weyenbergh) (Distrib. Argentina) Kieffer & Herbst is very unspecific and the type specimens could be included in the Asphondylia species grouped have been lost. Of the twenty species of Asphondylia as- under the couplet 5’, which larval spatula was described sociated with Asteraceae in the Neotropical region, only with four teeth, the inner much less than ½ of outer, with four were not included in this key: A. duplicornis (Distrib. inner incision flat and wide, but the required information Colombia: Magdalena Prov., Canaverales) and A. tithoni- to the next steps of the key is unavailable in the original ae (Distrib. El Salvador: La Libertad, E Sitio del Nino) be- description and the type specimens are referred as lost in cause the larvae are unknown; A. baccharis (Distrib. Chile: Gagné & Jaschhof (2017).

1. Larval spatula with four teeth,outer and inner pairs of spatula teeth approximately equal in size ( Figs.7A,7B ).................................................................. 2

— Larval spatula with four teeth,outer and inner pairs of spatula teeth unequal in size ( Figs.7C,7D, 7E,7F ) .......................................................................... 5

2. Larva with two inner and two outer lateral papillae;terminal segment of larva with one ( Fig.8A ) or four terminal papillae ( Fig.8E ) .................................3

— Larva with one inner and two outer lateral papillae;terminal segment of larva with three papillae,two setose and one corniform ( Fig. 8C ) ......................4

3. Larva with terminal segment with one pair of setiform terminal papillae barely visible among microspines ( Fig. 8A ); vein swelling on leaves of Mikania glomerata Sprengl. (Distrib. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Poço das Antas; Minas Gerais, Lavras)........................................................................ A.glomeratae Gagné

— Larva with terminal segment with four terminal papillae, three setiform and one corniform ( Fig. 8E ); hairy galls on leaf and petiole on Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (Distrib. Brazil: Minas Gerais,Luz)............................................................................................................ A. gochnatiae Maia

4. Larva with the inner teeth of spatula slightly shorter than outer ( Fig.7B ); bud galls on Eupatorium sp. ; Chromolaena odorata , Fleischmannia microstemon (Distrib. El Salvador: Ahuachapan,NW Las Chinamas;Guadeloupe FWI, Trinidad) ....................................................................................... A.corbulae Möhn

— Larva with the inner teeth of spatula approximately equal in size to outer ( Fig. 8A ); bud galls in Hymenostephium cordatum (Distrib. El Salvador: San Salvador)............................................................................................................................................................................................... A.salvadorensis Möhn

5. Larva with the inner teeth of spatula reach at least ½ of outer teeth,inner incision absent ( Fig.7C ) or,if present,deep and narrow ( Fig.7D ).....................6

— Larva with the inner teeth of spatula minute,with much less than ½ of outer teeth,inner incision present,flat and wide ( Fig.7E ) .................................. 12

6. Larva with the inner teeth of spatula closer without inner incision ( Fig.7C ); stem swellings galls on Mikania glomerata Sprengl. (Distrib. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro)............................................................................................................................................................................ A.moehni Skuharavá

— Larva with the inner teeth of spatula with inner incision deep and narrow ( Fig.7D ).............................................................................................................7

7. Larva with three inner and two outer lateral papillae;bud and axil leaf galls on Melanthera nivea (L.) Small (Distrib. El Salvador: San Miguel, N El Delirio).. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... A.melantherae Möhn

— Larva with two inner and two outer lateral papillae.............................................................................................................................................................. 8

8. Larva with three pairs of terminal papillae, two setose and one corniform; induce fruit galls on Lepidaploa canescens (Kunth) H. Rob. (Distrib. El Salvador: Chalatenango,SE La Palma)......................................................................................................................................................................... A.herculesi Möhn

— Larva with one or two pairs of terminal papillae ................................................................................................................................................................... 9

9. Larva with one pair of setose terminal papillae;galls on bud on flowers of Zexmenia frutescens (Mill.) S.F.Blake (Distrib. El Salvador: San Salvador)............ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. A. zexmeniae Möhn

— Larva with two pairs of terminal papillae............................................................................................................................................................................10

10. Larva with two pairs of terminal papillae, one setose and the other corniform; on stem and leaf vein on Bidens squarrosa Less. and B. refracta Brandegee (Distr. El Salvador:La Libertad,Cumbre,Hacienda Chilata) ......................................................................................................................... A.anaceliae Möhn

— Larva with two pairs of terminal papillae,both setose........................................................................................................................................................ 11

11. Larva with inner incision of spatula very deep ( Fig.6D ); bud galls on flowers of Calea integrifolia (DC.) Hemsl. (Distr. El Salvador: San Salvador,Picacho)..... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... A. caleae Möhn

— Larva with the inner incision of spatula shallow ( Fig.6E ); leaf galls on Trixidis radialis (L.) Kuntze (Distrib. El Salvador:La Libertad,NE Sitio del Nino).......... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ A. trixidis Möhn

12. Larva with three inner and two outer lateral papillae;stem galls on Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. (Distrib. El Salvador: San Vicente,SE Santo Domingo,km 54) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ A. zacatechichi Möhn

— Larva with one or two inner and two outer lateral papillae................................................................................................................................................. 13

13. Larva with two inner and two outer lateral papillae; two pairs of setose terminal papillae of larva ( Fig. 8B ); bud galls on Lepidaploa canescens (Kunth) H. Rob. (Distr. El Salvador:La Libertad,Los Chorros) ............................................................................................................................................. A. ajallai Möhn

— Larva with one inner and two outer lateral papillae,larva with another arrangement of terminal papillae........................................................................ 14

14. Larva with one pair of setose terminal papillae ( Fig. 5B ); pupa with lower frontal horn trilobed; stem and petiole galls on Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Distrib. Brazil: Minas Gerais,Santana do Riacho).......................................................................................... A.cipo sp.nov. Urso-Guimarães

— Larva with three ( Fig.8D ) or four pairs of terminal papillae ( Fig. 8E );pupa with lower frontal horn absent or one-lobed................................................... 15

15. Larva with three pairs of corniform terminal papillae ( Fig. 8D ); pupa with lower frontal horn one-lobed; leaf galls on Mikania sp. (Distrib. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro,Palmeiras)..................................................................................................................................................................................... A. ulei Rübsaamen

— Larva with four pairs of terminal papillae, three setose and one corniform ( Fig. 8E ); pupa with lower frontal horn absent; leaf galls on Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish (Distrib. Brazil: Minas Gerais, Tiradentes,Serra de São José) ............................................................................. A. serrata Maia

Figures

Figure 5. Asphondylia cipo sp.nov. (A) Larval spatula and lateral papillae in ventral view; (B) Larval eighth and terminal segment with terminal papillae,in dorsal

Figure 6. Stem and petiole galls induced by Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. in Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae).Arrow indicates a petiole gall.

Figure 7. Relative size of inner and outerteeth of the larval prothoracic spatulaof Asphondyliaspecies associated withAsteraceae inNeotropical region.(A,B)Inner teethapproximately equalinsize as outer,(A) Asphondyliasalvadorensis,(B)A.corbulae; (C,D,E) Inner teethreach at least ½ of outerteeth,(C) Inner incision absent, A. moheni, (D) Inner incision deep and narrow, A.caleae, (E) Inner incision shallow, A.trixidis; (F) Inner teeth of spatula minute,inner incision flat and wide,A. ulei. Figures 7A,7D, 7E modified from Möhn (1959),7B from Möhn (1960);7C,7F from Möhn (1973).

Figure 8.Terminalsegmentof Asphondyliaspecies.(A) Asphondyliaglomerata,(B)A.ajjalai, (C)A.salvadorensis,(D)A.ulei, (E)A.gochnatiae,(F)A.serrata.Figure8A modified from Gagné et al. (2001), 8B,8C from Möhn (1959), 8D from Möhn (1973),8E from Maia (2004).