Pavonia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Garcke (1881: 221)

Tavares, Aline Belém & Alves, Marccus, 2024, Synopsis of Pavonia Cav. (Malvaceae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, Phytotaxa 645 (3), pp. 232-247 : 240

8. Pavonia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Garcke (1881: 221) ( Figures 4, 5o , 6o‒p).

Sida malacophylla Link & Otto , Icon. Pl. Select. 67‒68, t. 30 (1820).

Type:— Neotype (designated by Fryxell 2000):— BRAZIL. Berlin Bot. Gard. (specimen unknown), Krapovickas 40143 ( NY barcode NY2099655 ! [digital image]; isoneotypes: C, CEN barcode CEN9945 ! [digital image], CTES, F, G, K barcode K001218048 ! [digital image], UC)

Taxonomic notes: —This species is characterized by the mericarps coated with a viscous substance (from the glandular trichomes of the calyx and epicalyx) and the vestigial calyx. Other important characteristics are the velutinous branches (rarely ferruginous), ovate leaves (cordiform), epicalyx with 16‒22 filiform bracteoles, and solitary flowers or aggregated in dense terminal inflorescences.

Distribution, habitat, and IUCN threat status: —This species occurs in Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil ( Fryxell, 1999). In Brazil it is found in the North regions (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima), Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco and Sergipe), Midwest (Distrito Federal and Mato Grosso) and Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo) (Flora e Funga do Brasil, 2022). In Pernambuco it is listed for 13 municipalities, covering the Mata Zone ( Mata Úmida subzone) and Brejos de Altitude (enclaves of Mata Úmida ) in Chapada do Araripe. Occurs in the Área de Proteção Ambiental da Chapada do Araripe, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Frei Caneca, Reserva Ecológica de Carnijó, and Reserva Ecológica de Caetés. As per the criteria B1 and B2 of IUCN (2022), P. malacophylla has an EOO of 19,430,170.665 Km² and an AOO of 1,688.000 Km². Considering the amplitude of its distribution and because it is not exclusive to a phytogeographical domain, this species is here considered Least Concern (LC).

Phenology: —Collected with flowers in January and from June to November and with fruits in January, April, July, October, and November.

Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Exu, na estrada para o Sítio Serrinha, 4 November 1986, V.C. Lima 438 (IPA; SPF; NY). Igarassu, Mata do Pezinho, 11 January 2008, N.A. Albuquerque et al. 624 (IPA). Itapirema, 18 September 1941, L.P. Xavier 304 (JPB). Jaqueira, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Frei Caneca, 8º43’29”S, 35º50’30”W, 19 September 2011, B.S. Amorim et al. 1035 (UFP; JPB). Maraial, Fazenda Céu Azul, 13 October 1957, D. Andrade-Lima 57-2735 (IPA). Moreno, Reserva Ecológica de Carnijó, 6 November 2003, R. Pereira et al. 235 (IPA; MAC). Paudalho, Engenho Cajueiro Escuro, 10 October 1965, G. Teixeira 2865 (HST). Paulista, Reserva Ecológica de Caetés, 13 November 1997, M. Oliveira 61685 (IPA). Quipapá, Engenho Brejinho, 15 September 1972, D. Andrade-Lima 7002 (IPA). Recife, Reserva Florestal do Curado, 25 October 1967, O.C. Lira 126 (IPA). São Lourenço da Mata , Santa Rosa, 29 January 1979, G. Cavalcanti et al. 47202 (IPA). São Vicente Férrer, Mata do Estado, 12 November 1995, A. Laurênio et al. 256 (IPA). Vicência, Usina União, 21 July 1983, A. Chiappeta 300 (IPA).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Pavonia in the Pernambuco state, Brazil. (●) P. humifusa; (♦) P. malacophylla.