Lobogonodes Bastelberger, 1909

Wu, Shipher & Chang, Wei-Chun, 2018, Revising the generic characters of Lobogonodes Bastelberger, 1909, with description of a new species from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae), Zootaxa 4433 (3), pp. 434-444 : 435-436

Genus Lobogonodes Bastelberger, 1909

( Figs 1 – 43 )

Lobogonodes Bastelberger, 1909 , Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris 22: 168. Type species Hypenorhynchus ? permarmorata Bastelberger, 1909 , Entomologische Zeitschrift (Frankfurt a. M.) 23(7): 34, by original designation.

Microlygris Prout, 1914 , Gross-Schmett. 4: 207. Type species: Cidaria multistriata Butler, 1889 , Illustrations of typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum 7: 24, 119, pl. 137, fig. 21, by original designation.

Taxonomic notes and diagnosis. The wing patterns of Lobogonodes and related genera in the Eulithis group (tribe Cidariini ) are discussed in detail by Choi (2001). Most species of Lobogonodes have multiple parallel transverse lines on the fore- and hindwing, however, the genotype L. permarmorata ( Figs 1, 2 ) and the newly described Taiwanese species L. shiushioui sp. nov. ( Figs 3, 4 ) have dentate lines that are particular to the Cidariini .

Prout (1937; 1940) recognized Lobogonodes and Microlygris Prout, 1914 as two groups within Lobogonodes based on the presence of a hair pencil under the male forewing of the latter and the different status of the M1, i.e. more or less stalked with R 2-5 in the former and free in the latter. Choi (2001) indicated that the hair pencil is useful for species diagnosis within the tribe but is an inconsistent character at the generic level; therefore he synonymized the two genera.

It is necessary to revise some character states of the male genitalia in Lobogonodes in the recent study of Choi (2001). Rather than a membranous subscaphium lacking a sclerotized band, a sclerotized band of the subscaphium can be observed in all members of Lobogonodes in the present study ( Figs 16 – 23 ). The U-shaped connection of juxta and anellus of L. multistriata claimed as unique in the tribe ( Choi 2001), is now confirmed as present in all the Lobogonodes species examined. The shape of the anellus is variable within the genus. The laterally bilobed anellus of L. multistriata ( Fig. 22 ) ( Choi 2001), is slightly bilobed in the Indian and Nepalese L. porphyriata ( Fig. 23 ), whereas the anellus of other congeneric species is simply expanded apically. The absence of a cornutus in Lobogonodes was noted by Choi (2001). In the present study, three distinct types of cornutus can be found in Lobogonodes : absent in L. permarmorata ( Fig. 24 ); slightly sclerotized at distal part of vesica in three species previously placed in Microlygris , i.e. L. complicata , L. porphyriata and L. multistriata , as well L. dactylotypa stat.rev. ( Figs 28–31 ); and as a long, band-shaped sclerite in L. taiwana , L. erectaria and L. shiushioui sp. nov. ( Figs 25–27 ). The latter character state is similar to that seen in the Palearctic Lampropteryx suffumata (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) . These three types of cornutus can be useful for grouping species within Lobogonodes .

In the female genitalia, the signum status was described as one single dot without circular sclerotization in L. multistriata by Choi (2001), now shown to also occur in L. permarmorata , L. erectaria , L. taiwana ( Figs 32–34 ) of group Lobogonodes sensu Prout (1940) . The signum of L. complicata and L. dactylotypa stat. rev. presents as a flattened wide plate ( Fig. 35, 36 ) and of multistriata as a conical horn ( Fig. 37 ), and these three species belong to the group Microlygris sensu Prout (1937 ; 1940). The length of the ductus bursae compared to the 7th abdominal segment was used by Choi (2001) for separating some species. Similar to L. multistriata ( Choi 2001) , the species L. erectaria , L. taiwana , L. complicata , have the length of ductus bursae nearly as long as the 7th segment. However, the genotype species L. permarmorata has an extremely long ductus, nearly three times longer than the 7th segment ( Fig. 32 ). Choi (2001) noted the very long ductus bursae in Lampropteryx suffumata as twice as long as the 7th segment.

Distribution and bionomics. From the Himalayan region to East Asia (E. China, S. Primorye, Korea, Japan and Taiwan). Taiwan is the most speciose region having 4 species (2 endemic). The adults infrequently occur from early spring to summer.

Figures

FIGURES 1–15. Habitus of Lobogonodes spp. 1. L. permarmorata (Bastelberger, 1909), Taiwan; 2. Ditto, female, Taiwan; 3. L. shiushioui sp. nov., male, holotype, Taiwan; 4. Ditto, male, paratype, Taiwan; 5. L. erectaria (Leech, 1897), male, Japan; 6. Ditto, female, Japan; 7. L. taiwana (Wileman & South, 1917), female, Taiwan; 8. Ditto; 9. L. complicata (Butler, 1879), male, Japan; 10. Ditto, female, Japan; 11. L. dactylotypa Prout, 1940 stat. rev., male, Taiwan; 12. Ditto, female, Taiwan; 13. L. multistriata (Butler, 1889), male, Japan; 14. Ditto, female, Japan; 15. L. porphyriata (Moore, 1888), male, Nepal. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (1, 3, 4, 5, 12); ESRI (2, 11), CKY (6, 13–15); CHN (9, 10). Photo: Shipher Wu (1–5, 7–12); Katsumi Yazaki (6, 13–15).

FIGURES 16–23. Male genitalia (without aedeagus) of Lobogonodes spp. 16. L. permarmorata (Bastelberger, 1909), Taiwan; 17. L. shiushioui sp. nov., paratype, Taiwan; 18. L. erectaria (Leech, 1897), Japan; 19. L. taiwana (Wileman & South, 1917), Taiwan; 20. L. complicata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 21. L. dactylotypa (Prout, 1940) stat. rev., Taiwan; 22. L. multistriata (Butler, 1889), Japan; 23. L. porphyriata (Moore, 1888), Nepal. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (16–19); CHN (20), ESRI (21), CKY (22, 23). Photo: Shipher Wu (16–21); Katsumi Yazaki (22, 23).

FIGURES 24–31. Aedeagus of Lobogonodes spp. 24. L. permarmorata (Bastelberger, 1909), Taiwan; 25. L. shiushioui sp. nov., paratype, Taiwan; 26. L. erectaria (Leech, 1897), Japan; 27. L. taiwana (Wileman & South, 1917), Taiwan; 28. L. complicata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 29. L. dactylotypa Prout, 1940 stat. rev., Taiwan; 30. L. multistriata (Butler, 1889), Japan; 31. L. porphyriata (Moore, 1888), Nepal. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (24–27); CHN (28), ESRI (29), CKY (30, 31). Photo: Shipher Wu (24–29); Katsumi Yazaki (30, 31).

FIGURES 32–37. Female genitalia of Lobogonodes spp. 32. L. permarmorata (Bastelberger, 1909), Taiwan; 33. L. erectaria (Leech, 1897), Japan; 34. L. taiwana (Wileman & South, 1917), female, Taiwan; 35. L. complicata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 36. L. dactylotypa Prout, 1940 stat. rev., Taiwan; 37. L. multistriata (Butler, 1889), Japan. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (32, 34, 36); CHN (33, 35), CKY (37). Photo: Shipher Wu (32–36); Katsumi Yazaki (37).

FIGURES 38–43. Life images of Lobogonodes spp. 38. L. permarmorata (Bastelberger, 1909), male, Taiwan; 39. Ditto; 40. L. shiushioui sp. nov., male, paratype, Taiwan; 41. L. erectaria (Leech, 1897), male, Japan; 42. L. taiwana (Wileman & South, 1917), female, Taiwan; 43. L. dactylotypa Prout, 1940 stat. rev., male, Taiwan. Photo: Shipher Wu (38, 41–43); Cheng-Han Ma (39).