Paravima totoro, García & Villarreal, 2023

Garcia, Andres F. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2023, Looks are deceiving: a cladistic analysis, three new species, and a new diagnosis of Paravima Caporiacco, 1951 (Opiliones: Agoristenidae), Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 409-437 : 409

Paravima totoro sp. nov.

Figs 14 , 15 , 18

Diagnosis.

Mesotergal area III with paired dome-shaped tubercles (the remaining Paravima varies between acute spines, conical/mammilliform tubercles, or lack of tubercles). DS variegated, with mesotergal areas II-III darker in the center and gradually fading towards the laterals (in P. magistri sp. nov. variegated in the anterior region of DS; in the other Paravima species uniformly variegated).

Description.

Holotype (MNRJ 9255*). Measurements: CL: 1.1, AL: 1.5, CW: 2.0, AW: 2.3, BaCh: 0.3, IOD: 0.9; Leg I (Tr: 0.3, Fe: 3.2, Pa: 0.3, Ti: 2.0, Mt: 4.5, Ta: 1.6); Leg II (Tr: 0.3, Fe: 8.2, Pa: 0.7, Ti: 6.0, Mt: 10.1, Ta: 3.4); Leg III (Tr: 0.5, Fe: 6.7, Pa: 1.0, Ti: 3.1, Mt: 7.0, Ta: 1.7); Leg IV (Tr: 0.6, Fe: 10.8, Pa: 1.1, Ti: 5.0, Mt: 10.0, Ta: 2.7). - Dorsum: Anterior and lateral margins of DS smooth. Ocularium smooth (Figs 14C, E , 15A ). Mesotergum delimited, divided into four areas. Area I divided into two halves, each one with one tubercle; area II-IV undivided; II invading I, and with a pair of small tubercles close to the medial axis of the body (Fig. 15A ); III with a pair of high paramedian domed tubercles (Figs 14C, E , 15B ); IV with four small tubercles. Posterior border of scutum straight, with a row of small tubercles. Free tergites and anal operculum with some tubercles (Figs 14D , 15A ). - Venter: Coxae I-IV with some granules (Fig. 14D ). Coxa I with one medial tubercle on the anterior margin, a group of five tubercles on the proximal region, three large tubercles reaching the anterodistal margin, and two tubercles close to the posterodistal region (Fig. 15C ); coxa II longer than coxa I; coxa III longer than I and II; coxa IV backward projected (Fig. 14D ). Sternites and anal operculum with a few small tubercles. Stigmatic area smooth. Stigmata large, oval and transverse (Fig. 14D ). - Chelicerae: Segment I rectangular, with well-marked bulla (Fig. 15A, B ), one small ectal subdistal tubercle, and two tubercles on the proximal border (Fig. 14B ). Chelicera swollen (Figs 14C, E , 15B ). Hand with one tubercle at the mesal subapical region, a group of nine transversal tubercles going from ectal to mesal region, and a group of setiferous tubercles close to the base of the fingers (Fig. 15D ). Fixed finger with some teeth on the inner surface. Movable finger with one trapezoid, sub-basal tooth and with the inner surface dentate (Fig. 16D ). - Pedipalps: Longer than DS length, smooth. Tr ventrally with one subapical setiferous tubercle. Fe with a ventromesal row of five setiferous tubercles (the basalmost larger than the distalmost), and one large ventroectal setiferous tubercle in the distal portion (Fig. 14C, D ). Pa with one large mesal setiferous tubercle. Ti ectal iII, mesal IIi. Ta ectal IIi, mesal IIi (Figs 14B, D ). - Legs: Legs I-IV smooth. Leg I filiform, the rest, getting steadily thicker from leg II to IV (Fig. 14A ). Fe IV four times DS length. Tarsal counts: 6(3)-6(3)/?-14(3)/7-7/7-7. - Penis: LP short and depressed, half-moon shaped, with anterolateral corners dorsally pointed (Fig. 15E-G ). Malleus carrying three pairs of branched MS-A and one pair of branched MS-B (Fig. 15G ). MS-D1-2 long, located in a vertical line on a keel between the LP and the base of the stylus (Fig. 15E, G ). MS-E2 large and branched (Fig. 15F, G ). Stylus sinuous, surpassing the lamina parva, narrower at distal region, tip irregular (Figs 15E-G ). - Color (in ethanol): Carapace reticulated Dark Brown (59) on Deep Orange Yellow (51). Mesotergum, posterior border and free tergites Dark Brown (59). Pedipalps, chelicerae and legs Vivid Orange Yellow (66). - Female: Unknown.

Derivatio nominis.

Totoro is a character in the Japanese animatedfantasy film My Neighbor Totoro (directed by Hayao Miyazaki and animated by Studio Ghibli), being a friendly wood spirit in post-war rural Japan. For us, the paramedian armature of the new species resembles the ears of the charismatic Totoro. We take advantage of exalting the excellent work of Studio Ghibli with this tribute. Noun in apposition.

Distribution.

Known just from the type locality, PN Henri Pittier, Aragua state, in the Venezuelan biogeographic province ( Morrone et al. 2022) (Fig. 18 ).

Material examined.

Type material: Holotype ♂, VENEZUELA, Aragua, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Rancho Grande | [10.34947° -67.6843°] | 1200 m | 31.iii.1983, C. Bordón leg. (MNRJ 9255*).

Figures

Figure 14. Paravima totoro sp. nov. (MNRJ 9255 *) male holotype. Habitus: A Panoramic view; B dorsal view; C lateral view; D ventral view; E anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 15. Paravima totoro sp. nov. (MNRJ 9255 *) male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B habitus, lateral view; C left coxa I, ventral view; D left chelicera, frontal view. Apical part of the penis in E dorsal view, F ventral view, and G lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C, D = 0,5 mm (penis with not scaled figures). Abbreviation: Macrosetae (MS).

Figure 16. Phylogenetic relationship of Leiosteninae based on cladistic analyses using morphological data (in the left tree the terminals of Globibuninae and Agoristeninae are not shown; Globibuninae (Rivetinus) and Agoristeninae branches are condensed; the right tree is a continuation of the left tree). Sensitivity plots (' Navajo rugs') indicate the recovery of the nodes in the analyses under implied weights with K values of 1, 2, 4 and 8. Clear circles represent homoplastic synapomorphies and filled circles represent non-homoplastic synapomorphies.

Figure 18. Map showing the geographic distribution of Paravima in Northern South America. The background colored shapes refer to the biogeographic provinces of Morrone et al. (2022).