Panorpa lugubris, Swederus, 1787

Dickson, Kathryn, 2024, Catalogue of the Family Panorpidae (Mecoptera) in Canada, México and the United States, Zootaxa 5559 (1), pp. 1-63 : 26-27

lugubris Swederus, 1787

Panorpa lugubris Swederus 1787: 279 (description); Turton 1802: 406 (name lugubris associated with scorpio ); Klug 1836: 106 (description); Westwood 1841: 188 (description); Walker 1852: 462 (description); Hagen 1861: 241 (description); Banks 1892: 362 (NA species list, lugubris present in GA, FL, SC); Banks 1908: 153 (NC species list); Hine 1901: 245 (description), fig 7 (♂ wing); Banks 1907: 33 (updated NA species list, distribution described as “southern US ”); Sherman 1908: 52 (late season species in NC); Esben-Petersen 1915: 224 (list of American species); Esben-Petersen 1921: 59–60 (description); Otanes 1922: 317 (anatomy of the head); Carpenter 1931: 226 (description), fig 6 (♂ genital bulb), fig 44 (♀ genital plate), fig 76 (forewing); Byers 1962a: 470 (lectotype designation); Mampe & Neunzig 1965: 844 (description of larvae); Boese 1973: 175 (4th instar larva, general morphology, chaetotaxy, key to species), fig 13 (prothorax), fig 14 (10th abdominal segment); Hepburn 1970: 801 ( lugubris and nuptialis represented Panorpidae in study of the musculo-skeletal system of the Mecopteran thorax); Byers 1988: 27 (hypothesis of Mexican origin for related species nuptialis , rufa , lugubris ); Byers 1993: 61 (description, behavior, breeding), map 1 (distribution); Evans & Flint 2009: 58 (distribution within VA); Somma 2010: 2 (presence in FL); Stark et al. 2016: 11 (new records within MS); Flint, et al. 2020: 6 (key), 12 (VA seasonal and locality records), fig 34 (wings), fig 58 (♂ genital bulb), map 12 (distribution in VA); Wang & Hua, 2021: 545 (morphological evidence for polyphyly of Panorpa ).

Lectotype ♂: OUMNH. Byers (1962a) found that only a single male remained of the original type series. He reported the specimen labels as “ P. lugubris Swederus, Act. Holm. 1787 , p.279”, “ Scorpio, N H. (L), ♂ ”, and a blue lozenge-shaped label with the letter “W”. Byers designated this specimen as the lectotype and added a red rectangular label “ LECTOTYPE, Panorpa lugubris Swederus, George W. Byers, 1962 ”. A recent photo shows the addition of a white rectangular label reading “Mecop. No 4, ½, Panorpa lugubris Swederus, Hope Dept. Oxford ”. However, the photo also shows a ♀ label on this male specimen. It may have been accidentally switched with a corresponding ♂ label found on a separate OUMNH female specimen of the original series “Am: ♂, Scorpio, I Z. 94”, although this is unlikely as Byers (1962a) did not mention the additional information contained on this label.

Panorpa scorpio Fabricius 1793: 97 (description); Turton 1802: 406 (name lugubris associated with scorpio ); Leach 1815: 99 (description); Klug 1836: 106 (junior synonym to lugubris ); Rambur 1842: 331 (description); Byers 1962a: 471 (types described as being in good condition; photos provided in 2022 by Dr. L. Vilhelmsen (Curator, Natural History Museum of Denmark) show that the specimens have deteriorated substantially in the past 60 years).

Syntypes: ZMUC. 1♂ [ NHMD 308730 ], 1♀ [ NHMD 308731 ]. The male also bears a label ”Scorpio” .

Published misspelling: Panorpa lugubriis Enderlein 1910: 390 (recommended placement in the genus Aulops ).

Distribution: USA; AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, VA.