Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905

Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J. & Diaz, Rodrigo, 2021, Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86, pp. 47-61 : 47

Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905

Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905 ( Cameron 1905a). Type Species: Schoenlandella nigromaculata Cameron, 1905 ( Cameron 1905a) by subsequent designation by Viereck, 1914 (synonymized with Cardiochiles Nees, 1819 by Szépligeti, 1911). Removed from synonymy by Whitfield & Dangerfield, 1997.

Ernestiella Cameron, 1905 ( Cameron 1905b) synonymized with Schoenlandella Viereck, 1914. Type species: Ernestiella nigromaculata Cameron 1905 ( Cameron 1905b).

Diagnosis

(based on Dangerfield et al. (1999) with additions and modifications). Diagnostic characters of Schoenlandella were described in Dangerfield et al. (1999), based mostly on Old World species. The following are diagnostic features based on both Old World and New World members.

Members of Schoenlandella can be distinguished from species of other cardiochiline genera by the following characters: Head: possessing 32-44-segmented antenna; densely setose eye (Figs 2C , 4C ); two clypeal tubercles with sharp or smooth apical margin (Fig. 1C ); short to elongate malar space; bidentate mandible; six-segmented maxillary palpus; four-segmented labial palpus; absence of occipital carina; elongate galea, at least as long as malar space in lateral view (Note: narrower than galeae of members of Cardiochiles Nees, 1819) (Figs 1A , 2A , 4A ); glossa elongate and deeply bilobed if entirely spread (Fig. 4A ). Mesosoma: notaulus finely crenulate; scutellar sulcus crenulate; posterior scutellum without cup-like pit; pronotum mostly smooth; mesopleuron mostly smooth; epicnemial carina absent; metapleuron rugulose; mesosternal sulcus crenulate; propodeum rugulose; propodeum with completely developed areola. Wings: stigma of forewing moderate to broad; (RS+M)a of forewing present; 1r of forewing absent; spectral 3r of forewing reaching at basal fifth to half, if absent, examine characters of mouthparts and hypopygium; RS vein of forewing angled or curved (Fig. 4F ); 1a of forewing absent (Note: if present, the vein is nebulous); 2-1A of hind wing usually absent. Legs: tarsal claw pectinate with sharp or obtuse apical tooth; hind basitarsus cylindrical (Fig. 1A ) or slightly expanded (Fig. 4A ) (Note: not nearly as expanded as in Hartemita Cameron, 1910); Metasoma: lateral suture of T1 absent posteriorly; T2 and T3 entirely smooth; hypopygium apically acute in lateral view (Fig. 1D ); hypopygium uniformly sclerotized (Fig. 1D ); median longitudinal fold of hypopygium absent (Fig. 1D ) (Note: if present, the fold is entirely sclerotized or only slightly desclerotized (Figs 2D , 4D )); ovipositor slightly downcurved (Figs 1A , 2D ); ovipositor sheath <~0.6 × length of hind tibia.

Figures

Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum.

Figure 2. Schoenlandella gloriosa, non-type Honduras A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median invagination on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings.

Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing.