Enallopsammia rostrata ( Pourtales , 1878)

Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T., 2021, Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa, ZooKeys 1066, pp. 1-198 : 1

Enallopsammia rostrata ( Pourtales, 1878)

Fig. 9I, J

Amphihelia rostrata Pourtalès, 1878: 204, pl. 1, figs 4, 5. - Agassiz 1888: 152, fig. 473. - Gourret 1906: 122, pl. 12, fig. 11A, B.

Stereopsammia rostrata . - Pourtalès 1880: 97, 110-111.

Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) amphelioides Alcock, 1902a: 43-44, pl. 5.

Anisopsammia amphelioides . -Vaughan 1907: 156-157, pl. 47, figs 1, 2.

Coenopsammia amphelioides var. cucullata Vaughan, 1907: 157, pl. 48, figs 1-4.

Anisopsammia rostrata . -Gravier 1915: 3. - Gravier 1920: 102, pl. 12, figs 181-185.

Enallopsammia rostrata . - Squires 1959a: 40. -Laborel 1970: 156. -Zibrowius 1973: 44-45, pl. 2, figs 14-15. - Cairns 1978: 9. - Cairns 1979: 186-188, pl. 37, figs 2-3, 6. - Zibrowius 1980: 201-203, pl. 105, figs A-K, pl. 106, figs A-C. - Cairns 1982: 57, pl. 18, figs 1-4. -Cairns 1984: 27-28. - Zibrowius and Grygier 1985: 131, figs 48-50. -Zibrowius 1985: 314, 319, 322, 323. - Zibrowius and Gili 1990: 39-42, pl. 6, figs A-F, pl. 7, figs A-F. - Cairns 1991: 26, pl. 12, fig. B. -Dawson 1992: 45. -Cairns and Parker 1992: 52-53, pl. 18, figs E-I. - Cairns and Keller 1993: 281-282. -Cairns 1994: 92-93, pl. 39, figs D-F. - Cairns 1995: 127-128, pl. 44, figs C-F. - Cairns and Zibrowius 1997: 195. - Cairns 1999a: 134-135. - Cairns et al. 1999: 27. -Romano and Cairns 2000: 1049. -Cairns 2004a: 267, 316. -Le Goff-Vitry et al. 2004: 170, 176. - Cairns 2006: 48. -Kitahara 2007: 504, 505, 511, 513, 516, fig. 5G. -Pires 2007: 269. - Kitahara et al. 2010b. - Kitahara and Cairns 2021: 326-328, figs 173D-G, 174.

Enallopsammia amphelioides . -Zibrowius 1973: 45-46. - Cairns 1979: 187, pl. 40, figs 4, 5. - Zibrowius 1980: 203-204, pl. 106, figs D-I. -Grygier and Newman 1985: 6, fig. 2A-D.

Type locality.

Off the Straits of Florida (SSS ‘Blake’ stn. 2: 23°14'00"N, 82°25'00"W); 1472 m ( Pourtalès 1878).

Type material.

Two syntypes are deposited at the MCZ ( Cairns 1979; Zibrowius 1980).

Material examined.

SAMC_A073270 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 39 km from Port St. Johns / 13 km off Mkweni Estuary, 31°30'06.11"S, 29°55'12.00"E; 200 m. DSCS_INV 158 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 200 km from Gouritsmond / 204 km off Goukou Estuary, 36°09'28.13"S, 21°59'53.81"E; 226- 236 m. DSCS_INV 160 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 200 km from Gouritsmond / 204 km off Goukou Estuary, 36°09'28.13"S, 21°59'53.81"E; 226- 236 m. DSCS_INV 238 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 114 km from Knysna /off Bulolo Estuary, 35°06'11.27"S, 23°02'41.91"E; 333m. DSCS_INV 238 (1 specimen): 116 km from Knysna /off Goukamma Estuary, 35°07'11.34"S, 23°02'41.91"E; 333 m. DSCS_INV 224 (1 specimen): 116 km from Knysna /off Goukamma Estuary, 35°07'11.34"S, 23°02'41.91"E; 333 m. DEFF_SVMEC_INV 261 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 88 km from Oesterbaai / 85 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34°52'21.97"S, 24°12'51.01"E; 341- 367 m.

Description.

Uniplanar colonies formed by extra-tentacular budding, and firmly attached to substrate by an encrusting base. Corallites confined to one face of corallum, arranged uniserially, and projecting ≤ 4.1 mm above branch. Corallites circular to slightly elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.1); calicular margin serrate. Costae prominent at calicular margin, often forming a hood that partially covers the calice; becoming poorly-defined in direction to base, slightly convex, and covered with small granules. Intercostal striae deep, thin, and porous. Corallum white.

Septa hexamerally arranged in three complete cycles according to the formula: S1> S3> S3 (24 septa). S1 most exsert, narrow, and extending closer to columella deep in fossa with concave and slight serrate axial margins. S2 ¾ the width of S1, and bear serrated axial margins. S3 slightly less wide than S1-2, sometimes appearing rudimentary, and have dentate axial margins. S3 sometimes fusing to adjacent S2 near columella. Fossa deep, containing a rudimentary or trabecular columella.

Distribution.

Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, extending from Knysna towards Port St. Johns; 200-367 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan, except for eastern Pacific and continental Antarctica; 110-2165 m.

Remarks.

The examined specimens extend the known distribution of Enallopsammia rostrata in the southwest Indian Ocean ( Cairns and Keller 1993) further south from the Madagascar Plateau, thus representing a new record for South Africa. Species is easily distinguished by its uniplanar development with calices in only one side of the colony, (unlike the bushy and irregularly arranged calice of both E. profunda ( Pourtalès, 1868) and E. pusilla ), and costae being prominent at the calicular margin (instead of being prominent throughout corallum as in the case of both E. profunda and E. pusilla ). Although previous specimens of E. rostrata have been reported to display septocostal rostrum (the enlargement of one CS1) ( Cairns 1982; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997), this feature is absent in the South African examined representatives (all of which are small colonies).

Figures

Figure 9. A, B Dendrophyllia sp. 1 (SAMC _ A 090158, off Knysna, 333 m A close-up calicular view B lateral view C, G Ednapsammia columnapriva sp. nov. C, D (SAM _ H 1441, off Mossel Bay, 212 m) C calicular view D lateral view E-G (SAMC _ A 090159, off Gouritsmond, 333 m) E calicular view F lateral view G calicular view H Enallopsammia pusilla (DSCS-INV 238, off Gouritsmond, 333 m): lateral view. I, J Enallopsammia rostrata (SAMC _ A 073270, off Port St Johns, 200 m) I close up calicular view J lateral view K, L Endopachys grayi (DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 32, off Shaka's Rock, 185 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Endopsammia philippensis (DIIIb 1, off Durban, 442 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Heteropsammia cochlea (EIe 1, locality data unknown) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A-C, E-I, K-P); 100 mm (D, J).