Rhinolophus marshalli, Thonglongya, 1973

Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 280-332 : 303

48 . Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus marshalli

French: Rhinolophe de Marshall / German: Marshall-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Marshall

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus marshalli Thonglongya, 1973 ,

“ foothills of Khao Soi Dao Tai, Amphoe Pong Nam Ron, Chanthaburi , about lat. 12 ° 55 ’ N., long. 102 ° 10 ’E., ” Thailand .

Rhinolophus marshalli is the most basal member of the macrotis species group. Monotypic.

Distribution. SE China (S Yunnan and S Guangxi), E Myanmar, N, C & extreme S Thailand, N Laos, N Vietnam, and N Peninsular Malaysia.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 43-49 mm, tail 16-26 mm, ear 25-30 mm, hindfoot 7-3-8- 1 mm, forearm 38- 9-48 mm; weight 5-8 g. Dorsal pelage is dark brown, occasionally with reddish tinge; venter is smoky gray or light yellowish brown. No orange morph is known. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are enormous, with pronounced antitragus. Noseleaf has very short, fleshy lancet, with broadly rounded tip; connecting process is low, rounded, andjoins lancet at base; sella is large, broad, and barely higher than wide, with semicircular upper margin; internarial region is largely expanded laterally, with wing-like structures on edges that are integral with base of sella; and horseshoe is broad at 7-5-9- 2 mm, covers most of upper lip, extends laterally few millimeters beyond muzzle, lacks lateral leaflets, and has deep, narrow median emargination. Lower lip has three medial grooves. Baculum is prominently bent upward, with small basal cone and deep notches; relatively wide ventral notch is deeper than dorsal notch; dorsal knob is low, and ventral depression is small in extension; tip is narrowly rounded with lateral widening and longish dorsal knob. Skull is slender, with long rostrum (zygomatic width is less than mastoid width); median swellings are conspicuously inflated; posterior compartments are underdeveloped and rudimentary; sagittal crest is very low across skull; frontal depression is moderately deep; and supraorbital crests are strong, with sharp ridges. P2 is small to medium in size and in tooth row, separating C1 and P4, and P3 is small and either in tooth row or halfway displaced labially, separating P 2 and P4.

Habitat. Various forest habitats, including dry deciduous forests, bamboo forests, and lowland moist forests, from sea level to elevations of c. 800 m. Marshall’s Horseshoe Bats tolerate very disturbed habitats.

Food and Feeding. No information.

Breeding. Births of Marshall’s Horseshoe Bats occur from late April until early May. Litter size is one. Postnatal growth occurs fast, with mean growth rates of 0-17 g /day until 13 days of age, decreasing gradually until adult size is reached at c.40 days old.

Activity patterns. Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal. It roosts primarily in limestone caves but also in rock crevices. Call shape is FM /CF/FM, with peak call frequencies of 43-44-5 kHz in Guangxi, 41-8—42-3 kHz in Yunnan, China, and 44 kHz in Vietnam.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNed List. Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat is considerably uncommon but widespread and resilient in disturbed habitats. Nevertheless, it might be threatened by habitat destruction and roost disturbance from cave tourism.

Bibliography. Bates, Francis & Csorba (2008a), Csorba eta/. (2003), Francis (2008a), Jin Longru, Bo Luo et al. (2012), Liu Ying, Jiang Tinglei et al. (2009), Thonglongya (1973), Tu Vuong Tan, Hassanin et al. (2017), Wu Hui, Yang Qisen et al. (2015), WuYi et al. (2004), Zhang Libiao, Jones et al. (2009), Zhang Libiao, Long Yongcheng et al. (2005), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).

Figures

On following pages: 27. African Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus silvestris); 28. Upland Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hillorum); 29. Sakeji Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sakejiensis); 30. Bokhara Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus bocharicus); 31. Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum); 32. Geoffrey's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus clivosus); 33. Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nippon); 34. Horacek's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus horaceki); 35. Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus maclaudi); 36. Ziama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ziama); 37. Hill's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hilli); 38. Kahuzi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus kahuzi); 39. Willard's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus willardi); 40. Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ruwenzorii); 41. Chinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis); 42. Big-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus macrotis); 43. Osgood's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus osgoodi); 44. Allen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus episcopus); 45. Thai Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus siamensis); 46, Schnitzler's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus schnitzten); M. King Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rex); 48. Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus marshalli).

Distribution. SE China (S Yunnan and S Guangxi), E Myanmar , N, C & extreme S Thailand , N Laos , N Vietnam , and N Peninsular Malaysia .