Anemone rupicola Cambessedes

Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2024, The identity of Anemone gonggaensis (Ranunculaceae) recently described from Kangding in western Sichuan, China, Phytotaxa 669 (3), pp. 247-259 : 248-256

Anemone rupicola Cambessedes in Jacquemont (1841: 5). Eriocapitella rupicola Christenhuz & Byng in Christenhusz et al. (2018: 75), syn. nov. Figs. 1–6 , 8 .

Type:—Kashmir. Supra jugum Pir-Pendjal, alt. ca. 4000 m, ad rupes, 21 June 1831, V. V. Jacquemont 556 (syntypes K 000693095!, MPU 023532!, P 00158531!). Fig. 2 .

= Anemone batangensis Finet (1908: 30) .

Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Batang, Yargong, July 1904, J. E. Soulié 3517 (syntypes P 00155335!, P 00158564!). Fig. 8 .

= Anemone gonggaensis Wang (2021: 84) , syn. nov.

Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Kangding, Gongga temple, forest margin, alt. 3721 m, Y. Yang et al. GGS316 (holotype PE 02347295!, isotype PE 02347296!). Fig. 1 .

Description:—Rhizome branched, ascending or oblique, 4–10 cm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter, covered with remains of leaves, with root runners; tap root present. Leaves 3–5(–9); petiole 5–10(–15) cm long, sparsely puberulent, base sheathing; leaf blade 3-sect, cordate-pentagonal, 2–6 cm long, 2–10 cm broad, sparsely puberulent, base cordate, margin incised-serrate; segments subsessile or shortly petiolulate; central segment 3-lobed, rhombic, margin lobulate and acutely denticulate; lateral segments unequally 2-parted, obliquely rhombic. Scape 5–25(–40) cm long, spreading puberulent; cyme 1(or 2)-flowered. Involucral bracts 3, subsessile or petiole 5–8 mm long and broad; bract blade similar to that of leaves, 3-parted, ovate, 2.5– 5 cm long, sparsely puberulent, margin serrate. Bracteoles sometimes present, paired. Pedicel 3–7(–15) cm long, pubescent. Sepals 5(–9), white, yellowish, or purplish, obovate or broadly elliptic, 15–20(–40) mm long, 15–25 mm broad, abaxially densely puberulent, basal veins 5–7(–9), vein anastomoses more than 10. Stamens 3–5 mm long; filament filiform; anther ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm long, apex obtuse. Pistils ca. 100; ovary lanate; style short; stigma globose. Achene body ovoid, compressed, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm broad, winged, lanate, hairs 4–5 mm long; style hooked, ca. 1 mm long.

Phenology:—Flowering from June to August; fruiting from August to September.

Distribution:— Anemone rupicola is widely distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region, including Bhutan, China, northern India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sikkim. In China, it occurs in western Sichuan, southern and eastern Xizang, and northwestern Yunnan ( Fig. 9 ), growing in woods, along streamside, or on rocky cliffs or gravelly slopes.

Additional specimens examined (only the Chinese specimens are cited here for the purpose of this work; barcodes are given when available):— CHINA. Sichuan: Baiyu, Anonymous 0406 (SM); Baoxing, S.S. Chang & Y.X. Ren 5483 (PE, SZ), K.L. Chu 3522 (NAS), K.L. Chu 3572 (IBSC, PE, SZ), T.H. Tu 4460 (NAS, PE), T.T. Yu 2285 (NAS, PE); Batang, B. Chen et al. CSH06873 (CSH), D.H. Liu 170132 (BNU0042716, BNU0042717), J.A. Soulié 3031 (P); Chongzhou, W.B. Ju et al. AZH01376 (CDBI0235665, CDBI0235666); Derong, D.E. Boufford et al. 30830 (PE); Ebian, W.P. Fang 4728 (CQNM, IBSC, LBG, NAS, SYS); Hanyuan, Hanyuan Exped. 0482 (SM); Kangding, C.S. Liu 1504 (PE00423327, PE00423360, SZ), Y.L. Peng et al. THP-KD-1375 (CDBI0240421, CDBI0240422), J.A. Soulié 596 (P), J.A. Soulié 824 (P00158559, P00158560, P02377927), J.A. Soulié 2009 (P00158561, P00158562), X.X. Zhu et al. CSH06540 (CSH); Mianning, S.K. Wu 2268 (KUN, PE); Muli, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 14306 (PE), T.T. Yu 5831 (KUN, PE), T.T. Yu 6447 (KUN, PE00423361, PE00423362); Xiangcheng, S.S. Zhou 6009 (PE), S.S. Zhou 6055 (PE), S.S. Zhou 6065 (PE); Precise locality unknown, K.L. Chu 1504 (IBSC). Xizang: Baxoi, L. Wang et al. 3339 (IBSC); Bomi, J.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 650266 (PE00423377, PE00423378, PE00423379), J.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 650844 (PE00423380, PE00423381), J.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 650883 (PE00423374, PE00423375, PE00423376, PE00423382, PE01956550); Gyirong, Anonymous 75-461 (PE00500623, PE00500629), Y.S. Chen et al. 90 (PE), B.S. Li et al. 13837 (PE01467592, PE01467593, PE01467594), PE Xizang Exped. 7146 (HNWP, PE00423396, PE00423397), PE Xizang Exped. 7207 (PE), PE Xizang Exped. 7765 (PE02332805, PE02332901, PE02332902), C.Y. Wu 75-0674 (PE00423391, PE00423392), Xizang Trad. Chin. Med. Exped. 533 (HNWP, PE), Xizang Trad. Chin. Med. Exped. 666 (PE), Xizang Trad. Chin. Med. Exped. 685 (HNWP, PE00048967, PE00423375); Lhozhag, Y.S. Chen et al. 13-1594 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. Veg. Group 6907 (PE); Lhünzê, L. Wang et al. 1288 (IBSC); Markam, Y.S. Chen 9512 (PE); Nangxian, Xizang Trad. Chin. Med. Exped. 4498 (HNWP, PE); Nyalam, Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 3885 (PE00423386, PE00423387), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 3925 (PE00423385, PE00423388), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 4252 (PE00423389, PE00423390), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. Veg. Group 4191 (PE00048818, PE00048819), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. Veg. Group 4248 (PE00423364, PE00423365), L. Wang et al. 2774 (IBSC); Tingri, PE Xizang Exped. 7579 (PE02332520, PE02332521), M. Tang 868 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 2924 (IBSC), L. Zhang et al. 1- 442 (HNWP); Yadong, PE Xizang Exped. 7290 (PE02332038, PE02332518), PE Xizang Exped. 7323 (PE02332035, PE02332903, PE02332904, PE02332905), PE Xizang Exped. 7417 (PE02332037, PE02332837, PE02332838); Zayu, J. Cai et al. 13CS7010 (KUN), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-271 (PE00423398, PE00423399), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 1085 (PE00423393, PE00423394), P.C. Tsoong 5853 (PE), C.W. Wang 66247 (KUN, PE, WUK). Yunnan: Dêqên, Z.D. Fang 0205 (SABG), Z.D. Fang et al. 3843 (SABG), G. Forrest 1061 (NAS), Meili Exped. 25548 (SABG), Meili Exped. 25877 (SABG), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 2750 (CDBI, HITBC, PE01063782, PE01269935), J.F. Rock 9275 (P), J.F. Rock 10322 (P), C.W. Wang 69463 (KUN, PE00423344, PE00423353), T.T. Yu 8441 (KUN, PE00423351, PE00423352), T.T. Yu 8724 (KUN, PE00423333, PE00423341), T.T. Yu 8743 (KUN, PE00423345, PE00423358), T.T. Yu 9069 (KUN, PE00423343, PE00423350), T.T. Yu 9354 (IBSC, KUN, PE00423340, PE00423342); Lijiang, R.C. Ching 21232 (PE), R.C. Ching 30327 (PE), R.C. Ching 31002 (KUN, PE), J.M. Delavay 32 (P), Fang & Li 4068 (SABG), K.M Feng 1254 (KUN, PE00423336, PE00423339), G. Forrest 2552 (P), G. Forrest 5721 (IBSC0082197, IBSC0082199, P), G. Forrest 10093 (PE), G. Forrest 27835 (PE), J.F. Rock 17667 (P, PE), T.T. Yu 8743 (KUN, PE00423345, PE00423358), T.T. Yu 15207 (KUN, PE00423330, PE00423331, PE00423332, PE00423347); Shangrila, Anonymous 20-16 (SABG), Anonymous 25959 (SABG), Z.D. Fang 0893 (SABG), T.T. Jing & M. Tang 409 (IBSC), Q.W. Long et al. di-011 (SABG), J.F. Rock 10322 (P), T.T. Yu 9354 (IBSC, KUN, PE), T.T. Yu 11574 (KUN, PE00423337, PE00423338), T.T. Yu 12323 (IBSC, KUN, PE00423346, PE00423357); Precise locality unknown, G. Forrest 1257 (PE), G. Forrest 19040 (P), G. Forrest 19603 (P00158551, P00158552), G. Forrest 20439 (AU), G. Forrest 23072 (AU), G. Forrest 23495 (P, PE), G. Forrest 28607 (AU), G. Forrest 28651 (L, PE), G. Forrest 30052 (PE), G. Forrest 30059 (PE), G. Forrest 30786 (PE), T.T. Yu 15422 (P).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Type sheets of Anemone gonggaensis (= A. rupicola), Kangding, Sichuan, China, Yang et al. GGS316. A. Holotype (PE02347295). B. Isotype (PE02347296). C. Rhizome. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaves (adaxial side). F. Portion of leaf (abaxial side). G. Portion of leaf (adaxial side). H. Portion of scape. I. Flower (top view). J. Portion of sepal (abaxial side). K. Portion of sepal (adaxial side). L. Stamens and carpels. Note that C–L all from the holotype.

FIGURE 2. Syntype sheets of Anemone rupicola, supra jugum Pir-Pendjal, Kashmir, V.V. Jacquemont 556. A. K000693095. B. MPU023532. C. P00158531.

FIGURE 3. Four sheets of Anemone rupicola from Kangding in Sichuan, China, the type locality of A. gonggaensis (= A. rupicola). A. J.A. Soulié 2009 (P00158561). B. J.A. Soulié 2009 (P00158562). C. Y.L. Peng et al. THP-KD-1375 (CDBI0240422). D. C.S. Liu 1504 (PE00423360).

FIGURE 4. Four sheets of Anemone rupicola from Xizang (A, B) and Yunnan (C, D), China. A. Zayu, Xizang, J. Cai et al. 13CS7010 (KUN). B. Yadong, Xizang, PE Xizang Exped. 7417 (PE02332837). C. Dêqên, Yunnan, J.F. Rock 10322 (P00158554). D. Lijiang, Yunnan, G. Forrest 5721 (P00158548).

FIGURE 5. Anemone rupicola in the wild.A, B. Baxoi in Xizang, China: habitat and habit. C–E. Lhünzê in Xizang, China: C. habitat; D. habit; E. flower (top view). F, G. Nyalam in Xizang, China: F. habitat and habit; G. flower (top view) and aggregate achenes (immature). Photographed by L. Wang.

FIGURE 6. Anemone rupicola in the wild. A–E. Yadong in Xizang, China: A. habitat; B. habit; C. leaf; D. flower (top view); E. flower (lateral view). F. Yadong in Xizang, China: habitat and habit (fruiting plants). G–J. Shangri-la in Yunnan, China: G. habit; H. rhizome and leaves; I. flower (top view); J. flower (bottom view). A–E photographed by M. Tang, F photographed by L. Wang, and G–J photographed by T.J. Tong.

FIGURE 8. Syntype sheets of Anemone batangensis (= A. rupicola), Yargong, Batang, Sichuan, China, J.E. Soulié 3517. A. P00155335. B. P00158564.

FIGURE 9. Distribution of Anemone rupicola (●). The red arrow indicates the type locality of A. gonggaensis (= A. rupicola), i.e. Kanding in Sichuan, China.