Paracymbiomma carajas, Rodrigues & Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018

Rodrigues, Bruno V. B., Cizauskas, Igor & Rheims, Cristina A., 2018, Description of Paracymbiomma gen. nov., a new genus of prodidomid spiders from the Neotropical region (Araneae: Prodidomidae) including a new troglobite species, Zootaxa 4514 (3), pp. 301-331 : 308-320

Paracymbiomma carajas sp. nov.

Figs 4 , 9–11 , 18–30 , 46–48 , 57–60, 72 , 75 , 80

Type material. Male holotype from Brazil, Pará, Parauapebas (FLONA Carajás), Cave N5S-63/64/65, (06°06'12''S 50°08'07''W), 14 March–04 April 2010, I. Cizauskas et al. leg., deposited in IBSP 174162. Paratypes: 1 male from Brazil, Pará, Parauapebas ( FLONA Carajás), Cave N3-0031, (06°02'37''S 50°13'09''W), 03–17 April 2013, Equipe Carst leg., ( IBSP 183736 ) ; 1 female, Cave N4WS-61, (06°04'35''S 50°11'38''W), 18 November–01 December 2010, C.A.R. Souza et al. leg., ( IBSP 183740 ) ; 1 female, Cave N5S-74, (06°06'02''S 50°08'05''W), 14 March–04 April 2010, I. Cizauskas et al. leg., ( IBSP 174163 ) ; 1 female, Cave N3-0050, (06°02'38''S 50°13'10''W), 02–23 July 2013, Equipe Carst leg., ( IBSP 183737 ) .

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality.

Diagnosis. Males of P. carajas sp. nov. resemble those of P. pauferrense sp. nov. in having eight eyes ( Figs 17, 18 ), but differ by the male palp with embolar insertion at 12 o’clock position and close to median apophysis (embolar insertion far from median apohysis and near tegulum center in P. pauferrense sp. nov.), and median apophysis large with small hook in distal part (median apophysis small in P. pauferrense sp. nov.) ( Figs 57, 58). Females are distinguished from those of the other known species of the genus by the epigyne with copulatory duct visible ventrally as lateral S-shapes and by the triangular atrium with sclerotized anterior and lateral margins ( Figs 59, 60).

Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 3.5. Carapace 1.41 long, 1.16 wide; abdomen 1.65 long, 0.94 wide; sternum 0.88 long, 0.72 wide; spinnerets ALS 0.25 long, 0.12 wide. Six eyes arranged in two rows, the anterior row straight, the posterior procurved. AME reduced. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.016; ALE 0.075; PLE 0.058; PME 0.05; AME–AME 0.008; AME–ALE 0.025; PLE–ALE 0.016; PME–PLE 0.062; PME– PME 0.062. Chelicerae 0.6 long; two retromarginal short teeth and three promarginal teeth. Leg formula 4123; measurements: I: 4.7 (1.3, 0.70, 1.1, 0.90, 0.70); II: 4.16 (1.16, 0.66, 0.91, 0.78, 0.66); III: 3.41 (0.94, 0.5, 0.63, 0.69, 0.66); IV: 4.79 (1.3, 0.65, 1.2, 0.96, 0.86). Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2 -0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v1 r-2-0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r0-1-1; tibia d0-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1 p-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2 -0- 2. IV – femur d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v0-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v3 -0-2. Palp: femur with four dorsal spines, one median and three posterior; RTA with tapered and curved tip; tegulum rounded; median apophysis retrolaterally directed; embolar insertion at 12 o’clock position ( Figs 57, 58).

Female (Paratype). Total length: 2.8. Carapace 1.38 long, 1.03 wide; abdomen 1.34 long, 0.84 wide; sternum 0.84 long, 0.7 wide; spinnerets ALS 0.27 long, 0.11 wide. Six eyes arranged in two rows, the anterior row straight, the posterior procurved. AME reduced. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.020; ALE 0.075; PLE 0.045; PME 0.05; AME–AME 0.041; AME–ALE 0.02; PLE–ALE 0.02; PME–PLE 0.066; PME–PME 0.066. Chelicerae 0.6 long; two retromarginal short teeth and three promarginal teeth. Leg formula 4123; measurements: I: 3.94 (1.16, 0.66, 0.88, 0.66, 0.59); II: 3.75 (1.09, 0.59, 0.78, 0.66, 0.63); III: 3.05 (0.84, 0.47, 0.55, 0.59, 0.59); IV: 4.31 (1.13, 0.59, 0.94, 0.88, 0.78). Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2 -0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. II – femur d1-1-0; tibia v1 r-1r-0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia d0-1-0, p1-0-1, r0-0-1, v1 p-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, v2 -0- 2. IV – femur d1-1-0, r0-0-1; tibia d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1 p-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1- 0-1, v3 -0-2. Epigyne: posterior margin of epigynal plate truncate ( Fig. 59). Vulva: copulatory duct narrow throughout its entire length with distal part of translucent duct with one loop; secondary spermathecae large with distal part well-defined ( Fig. 60).

Variation. Total length (3 males): 3.0–3.5. (8 females): 2.35–3.1. In some specimens the copulatory ducts are poorly visible in ventral view.

Distribution. Pará, Brazil ( Fig. 75 ).

Other material examined. Brazil. Pará: Parauapebas ( FLONA Carajás), Cave N4WS-77, (06°04'28''S 50°11'18''W), 1 male, 10–19 May 2011, C.A.R. Souza et al. leg. ( IBSP 174165 ) ; cave N4E-0083, (06°01'59''S 50°09'22''W), 1 female, 19 February–04 March 2010, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al. leg. ( IBSP 174164 ) ; cave N3-0066, (06°02'31''S 50°13'34''W), 02–23 August 2013, Equipe Carste leg. ( IBSP 183738 ) ; cave PESE-004, (06°06'19''S 50°09'06''W), 01–09 June 2011, C. A. R. Souza & F. P. Franco et al. leg. ( IBSP 183742 ) ; cave N4WS- 0 1, (06°03'46''S 50°11'32''W), 18 November–01 December 2010, C. A. R. Souza & F. P. Franco et al. leg. ( IBSP 183739 ) ; cave N5S-10, (06°06'20''S 50°7'53''W), 1 female, 14–23 October 2009, I. Cizauskas et al. leg.( IBSP 174161 ) ; cave N4WS-19, (06°04'35''S 50°11'37''W), 1 female, 01–09 June 2011, C.A.R. Souza et al. leg. ( IBSP 183741 ) ; cave N1-0074, (06°06'16''S 50°16'49''W), 1 female ( IBSP 186284 ) ; cave N1-0118, (06°00'40''S 50°18'53''W), 1 female ( IBSP 186286 ) ; cave N1-0137, (06°01'32''S 50°16'29''W), 2 females ( IBSP 186289 ) ; cave N1-0044, (06°01'13''S 50°16'40''W), 1 female ( IBSP 186292 ) ; cave N1-0105, (06°00'36''S 50°18'8''W), 1 female ( IBSP 186294 ); (Cristalino) , Cave CRIS-18/19, (06°26'02''S 49°41'11''W), 1 female, 29 July–06 August 2008, R. Andrade et al. leg. ( IBSP 174595 ) ; Canaã dos Carajás ( Serra da Bocaína ), Cave SB-226, (06°21'30''S 49°59'34''W), 1 female, 08–22 May 2013, Equipe Carste leg. ( IBSP 183743 ) ; cave SB-31, (06°18'20''S 49°53'54''W), 29 August– 27 September 2012, C. A. R. Souza & J. Mascarenhas et al. leg. ( IBSP 174171 ) .

Natural history. Paracymbiomma carajas sp. nov. was collected in 15 ferruginous caves distributed in different rock outcrops, for which the region of Serra Norte (FLONA de Carajás) is the main area of occurrence. Specimens were collected in twilight (disphotic) zones, with high humidity. All specimens were found only on the floor of the caves. This species has a wide distribution range, and although it was not found outside the cave, it could also inhabit the canga, a characteristic vegetation that covers the ferruginous rock outcrops ( Fig. 76 ).

Figures

FIGURES 75. Known distribution records of species of Paracymbiomma gen. nov. from Brazil. In detail the distribution of caves species in Pará state.

FIGURES 1–6. Paracymbiomma gen. nov., habitus, dorsal view: 1 P. angelim sp. nov., male; 2 P. doisirmaos sp. nov., male; 3 P. pauferrense sp. nov., male; 4 P. carajas sp. nov., female; 5 P. bocaina sp. nov., female; 6 P. caecus sp. nov., male.

FIGURES 7–12. Paracymbioma gen. nov.: 7–8 P. angelim sp. nov., female: 7 carapace, dorsal view; 8 chelicerae, dorsal view; 9–11 P. carajas sp. nov.: 9 mouthparts, ventral view; 10 sternum, ventral view; 11 spinnerets. 12 P. bocaina sp. nov., male, postepigastric invaginations (PIn).

FIGURES 13–18. Eyes, frontal view: 13 P. caecus sp. nov., male; 14 P. bocaina sp. nov., female; 15 P. doisirmaos sp. nov., male; 16 P. angelim sp. nov., male; 17 P. pauferrense sp. nov., male; 18 P. carajas sp. nov., male.

FIGURES 19–24. P. carajas sp. nov., female: 19 Eyes, frontal view; 20 Whisker setae (Wh), cheliceral promargin; 21 Serrula, dorsal view; 22 Sternum, intercoxal setae; 23 Tarsus and metatarsus, prolateral view II; 24 Same, detail of metatarsus scopula.

FIGURES 25–30. P. carajas sp. nov., female: 25 Tarsus I, dorsal view; 26 Metatarsus IV, trichobothria; 27 Tarsus II, claws, prolateral view; 28 Pedipalp claw, prolateral view; 29 Abdomen, dorsal view; 30 Same, detail of sheet-shaped scales setae.

FIGURES 43–48. 43–45 P. angelim sp. nov., male palp: 43 ventral view; 44 prolateral view; 45 detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis and paracymbium; 46–48 P. carajas sp. nov.: 46 Male, palp, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis and paracymbium; 47 Same, detail of median apophysis and conductor; 48 female, epigynum, dorsal view. C—conductor; CD—copulatory duct; E—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; MA—median apophysis; Pcb—paracymbium; RTA—retrolateral tibia apophysis; SSsecondary spermathecae.

FIGURES 69–74. Male palps, ventral view: 69 P. doisirmaos sp. nov.; 70 P. pauferrense sp. nov.; 71 P. angelim sp. nov.; 72 P. carajas sp. nov.; 73 P. bocaina sp. nov.; 74 P. caecus sp. nov.

FIGURES 80–83. Males, palp retrolateral: 80 Paracymbiomma carajas sp. nov., arrow to paracymbium; 81 Tivodrassus etophor, arrow to paracymbium; 82 Zimirina hirsuta, arrow to grooved median retrolateral cymbial process; 83 Theuma sp., arrow to grooved median retrolateral cymbial process. Photo 81, G.H. Azevedo.

FIGURES 76–79. Ferruginous caves in Carajás National Forest: 76 Typical vegetation of ferruginous rock outcrops; 77 Paleoburrow; 78 Small entry to the disphotic area; 79 Characteristic floor of twilight areas with high humidity.