Schizomyia, Kieffer. Macho, 1889

Urso-Guimarães, Maria V., 2019, Description of the male and larva of Schizomyia tuiuiu Urso- Guimarães & Amorim (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), new records and a key to Neotropical species of Schizomyia Kieffer, Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2019017) 109, pp. 1-6 : 5-6

Key to species of Schizomyia in Neotropical region.

Although adult characters are important for identification of genera in Asphondyliini , immature characters are essential for distinguishing species, once adult characters are very similar at the species level. For his reason, from the ten Neotropical species of Schizomyia , two are not included in this key because the larval instar is unknown, and the adult characters are indistinguishable: S. ipomoeae obtained from flower bud galls of Ipomoea sp. ( Convolvulaceae ) distributed in Guadeloupe FWI and St. Vincent, and S. stachytarphetae , obtained from seeds of Stachytarpheta cayennensis and S. jamaicensis (Verbenaceae) in Guadeloupe FWI and Trinidad. GAGNÉ & MENJIVAR (2008) divided the Western Hemisphere species of Schizomyia in two groups, the first with hook-like tarsal claws and empodia nearly as long as the claws, including the Neotropical species S. ipomoeae , S. macropillata , S. santosi , S. serjaniae , S. stachytarphetae , and S. tuiuiu , and the second with falcate tarsal claws and empodia no more than one-third of the claws length, which includes the Neotropical species S. loroco , S. manihoti , S. spherica , and S. maricaensis . Other character shared by the first group of Neotropical species of Schizomyia are the light and dark-banded flagellomeres in Schizomyia loroco , S. impatientis , and S. rivinae , also present in S. macropillata , S. santosi , S. stachytarphetae , and S. tuiuiu . Other important character to separate species of the genus is the variation in the terminal papillae of the larval terminal segment, ranging from four setose pairs to a single corniform pair ( KOLESIK & BUTTERILL, 2015). To the Neotropical species with known larvae, the ranging vary from four pairs of small setiform papillae in S. spherical ; three corniform and one setiform very long in S. tuiuiu and S. manihot ; and one corniform and three setiform in S. macropillata , S. santosi , S. serjaniae and S. loroco . The variation in the larval and some of the adult characters in Neotropical species of Schizomyia allows the construction of a key for these species.

1. Tarsal claws falcate and empodia no more than one-third of the claws length .................................................................… 2

- Tarsal claws hook-like and empodia nearly as long as the claws..…….......................................................…….……… 4

2. Frontoclypeus and anepimeron with more than 40 setae; male tergite 8 not sclerotized; gonocoxites constricted near midlength; gonostylus round with a row of strong spines partially fused at base covering all apex of gonostylus; abdominal segments of pupa with numerous transverse rows of dorsal spines at discal region; induce rosette bud galls in Tetrapterys phlomoides (Spreng.) Nied. (Malpighiaceae) ( Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Barra de Maricá; São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto) …........... S. maricaensis Sousa & Maia

- Frontoclypeus and anepimeron with less than 40 setae; gonocoxites not constricted near midlength; gonostylus rectangular with a projection in ventral portion of apex and a dorso-apical row of strong spines partially fused at base in apex; abdominal segments of pupa with few dorsal spines (not in rows) only in the discal region; induce galls in other host plants …………………….....……………..……………….. 3

3. Terminal papillae: three setiform and one corniform; light and dark-banded flagellomeres; male cerci round and divided in base; male hypoproct deeply bilobed; larva in deformed flower buds of Fernaldia pandurata (A. DC.) Woodson ( Apocynaceae ) ( El Salvador: Nueva Concepcion, Chalatenango; Guatemala to Costa Rica) ………..................... ...........................................……….………… S. loroco Gagné

- Terminal papillae: one setiform and three corniform; flagellomeres not light and dark-banded; male cerci round and fused in base; male hypoproct shallowly bilobed; larva in globular, rugose leaf galls in Manihot utilissima (Euphorbiaceae) ( Brazil: Ceará; Colombia) …………............ .......................................……………..…. S. manihoti Tavares

4. Larva with four pairs of terminal papillae, three setiform and one corniform …..........................................................…5

- Larva with four pairs of terminal papillae in other combination ……………............................................…….. 7

5. Ovipositor smaller than abdomen, at most 4.5 times longer than 7 th sternite; larva in closed, swollen, and deformed galls in flowers of Serjania goniocarpa (Sapindaceae) ( El Salvador: San Salvador) ……...………... S. serjaniae (Möhn)

- Ovipositor longer than abdomen, at least 5.5 times longer than 7 th sternite; larva in other host plants .............................. 6

6. Female without cercilike lobes; male hypoproct deeply bilobed; larva in flower buds of Jacquemontia holosericea (Weinman) O’Donnel (Convolvulaceae) ( Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Barra de Maricá) …..……....................... ........................................…………. S. santosi Maia & Araújo

- Female with cercilike lobes; male hypoproct shallowly bilobed; larva in hairy leaf galls in Bauhinia brevipes (Fabaceae) ( Brazil: Minas Gerais, Três Marias) …………………....…………………… S. macropillata Maia

7. Larval terminal papillae: four short setiform papillae; mediodorsal of lobe on the posterior margin of the larval eighth abdominal segment absent; larva in spherical galls in lateral and apical bud galls in Sebastiania glandulosa (Mart.) Pax. (Euphorbiaceae) ( Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Barra de Maricá) ……….......….. S. spherica Maia & Oliveira

- Larval terminal papillae: one setiform and three corniform; mediodorsal lobe on the posterior margin of the larval eighth abdominal segment present; larva in hairy leaf galls in Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud. (Fabaceae) ( Brazil: Mato Grosso: Cuiabá; São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto) ….................... ..................………… S. tuiuiu Urso-Guimarães & Amorim

Figures

Figs 13, 14. Schizomyia maricaensis Sousa & Maia, 2007: 13, ovipositor (ventro-lateral view, left); 14, terminal segment bilobed and sclerotized of pupa (dorsal view, right).