Orobanche subsect. Orobanche

Piwowarczyk, Renata, Pedraja, Óscar Sánchez, Moral, Gonzalo Moreno, Denysenko-Bennett, Magdalena, Góralski, Grzegorz, Kwolek, Dagmara, Kosachev, Petr & Joachimiak, Andrzej J., 2017, Orobanche mlokosiewiczii (Orobanchaceae): a new species from the Greater Caucasus, and nomenclatural notes on similar species, Phytotaxa 319 (2), pp. 123-135 : 123-135

Orobanche subsect. Orobanche

Note: — O. caryophyllacea Sm. is the type of this subsection according to McNeill et al. (2012: Art. 22), this forces us to create a new subsection that can accomodate the species of the O. subsect. Orobanche sensu Teryokhin et al. (1993) and Tzvelev (2015).

Orobanche subsect. Curvatae (Beck) Piwow., Ó. Sánchez & Moreno Mor. , comb. et stat. nov.

Orobanche [unranked] Curvatae Beck in Halácsy & Braun, Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Österr.: 128 (1882) [basionym]

Type: — Orobanche elatior Sutton

Orobanche series Krylowianae Piwow., Ó. Sánchez & Moreno Mor. , ser. nov.

Type: — O. krylowii Beck

Species: — O. krylowii , O. lycoctoni , and O. mlokosiewiczii .

Note: — O. flava subsp. cicerbitae ( O. cicerbitae ) seems to correspond to the new series according to morphological characters given by Rätzel & Uhlich (2004). However, further studies (genetic, chorological and about host-plant) are required to confirm that this is so, as well as to define its relation with O. inulae .

Diagnosis: —Plant up to 40 cm, usually slightly pigmented, always yellowish or whitish and very sensitive to damage; inflorescence shorter than the remaining part of the stem; corolla with upper lip ± porrect (continuing the dorsal line of the corolla tube) and strongly constricted below the insertion of the stamens; stigma always ± bright yellow. Parasitic mainly on Ranunculaceae .

Series Krylowianae is a small (3 or 4) species series distributed in mountain ranges from SW Europe (Cantabrian Mts., Spain) to the Caucasus and East Asia (Altai Mts., Kazakhstan-Mongolia). It is named for a species known as O. krylowii Beck. The new series is inside the Orobanche sect. Orobanche L. (1753: 632).

Orobanche flava subsp. cicerbitae Uhlich & Rätzel (2004: 207 [–209]) ≡ O. cicerbitae (Uhlich & Rätzel) Tzvelev in Tzvelev (2015: 210) Holotype (designated by Rätzel & Uhlich 2004):— RUSSIA: in Caucaso boreo-occidentali (Adygaea), prati Poljana Firsova, ca 1450

m. s. m., ad radices Cicerbitae cf. petiolatae, 12.07.2002, leg. Rätzel n. 3501 ( B; isotypes n. 3502, 3503, 3504, 3505, 3506 Herb.

Rätzel).

Orobanche inulae Novopokr. & Abramov in Novopokrovsky (1950: 323)

Lectotype (designated here):— SOUTH OSSETIA: Юго- ОсетиЯ, Джавский р- н, местность Эрмани, правый борт Средне- Эрманского ущельЯ, субальпийский луг, на Inula glandulosa , 20 VIII 1937, И. Абрамов [South Ossetia, Java (Dzau) district, Ermani locality, right side of the Middle Erman gorge, subalpine meadow, on Inula glandulosa , 20 VIII 1937, I. Abramov] (LE s.n.! [the sheet contains four specimens of a single gathering with the host-plant apparently attached to the root, det. Novopokrovsky, 21.6.1948, “ Orobanche inulae m. / typus!” ( McNeill et al. 2012: Rec. 9A.3, Tzvelev 2015: 210)]; syntype LE s.n.! [det. Novopokrovsky, 21.6.1948, “ Orobanche inulae m. / cotypus”, this sheet from same place, but collected on 23 July 1937, contains three specimens of a single gathering clearly belonging to the same species]).

Orobanche krylowii Beck (1881: 309)

≡ O. krylowii Beck in Krylov (1881: 202), nom. nud. ( Beck 1890: 171 “sine descript.”); ≡ O. major subsp. krylowii (Beck) Nyman (1890: 243) ; ≡ O. major f. krylowii (Beck) Beck (1890: 171)

= O. krylowii f. glaberrima Krylov (1907: 997)

= O. krylowii f. puberula Krylov (1907: 997)

Holotype (designated by Frajman et al. 2013):— RUSSIA: Gubern. Perm [central Ural Mts.]— Kynowski sawod, Leg. Porph. Krylow 514 ( LE s.n.!).

Orobanche lycoctoni Rhiner (1892: 253 [133])

≡ O. flava var. albicans Rhiner (1870: 97) , nom. nud. ( Carlón et al. 2005: 49–51); ≡ O. lucorum f. lycoctoni (Rhiner) Rhiner (1894: 240)

= O. aconiti-lycoctoni Moreno Mor., G. Gómez, Ó. Sánchez, Carlón & M. Laínz in Carlón et al. (2002: 37)

Lectotype (designated by Pujadas Salvá 2003: 390):— SWITZERLAND: Kleinen Mythe [Kleiner Mythen, Glarus Alps, next to Brunni, Canton Schwyz], aüf Aconitum Lycoctonum , 7 August 1862, leg. J. Rhiner ( ZT [ ZT 00010489 !]).

Identification key (modified from Frajman et al. 2013)

1 Plant always yellowish or whitish; upper lip ± porrect (continuing the dorsal line of the corolla tube) ........................................... 2

- Plant usually strongly pigmented, rarely yellowish-white; upper lip erect or recurved..................................................................... 3

2 Bracts usually longer than the corolla; calyx segments 10.4–16.8 × 3.5–7.8 mm, usually unequally bidentate; style glabrous or nearly; on Aconitum lycoctonum ( Ranunculaceae ) .......................................................................................................... O. lycoctoni

- Bracts usually shorter than the corolla; calyx segments 6–15 × 1.5–5 mm, usually entirely or more unequally bidentate; style hairy; on other species .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4 Calyx segments 10–15 × 3–4 mm, c. 3/4 corolla length, lanceolate; on Inula sp. ( Asteraceae ).......................................... O. inulae

- Calyx segments 6–12 × 1.5–2.5 mm, c. 1/2–2/3 or less corolla length, ovate-subulate or ovate-lanceolate; on other species ......... 5

5 Corolla 17–21 mm, tubular; dorsal line gently and regularly curved (but straight near the apex); lobes with finely eroded-denticulate margin; on Thalictrum minus ( Ranunculaceae ).......................................................................................................... O. krylowii

- Corolla (17–)20–23(–25) mm, tubular to campanulate; dorsal line slightly or strongly curved (but ± deflexed at the apex); lobes with irregularly dentate or finely eroded-denticulate and glandular margin; on other species .......................................................... 6

6 Corolla (17–)20–23(–25) × (7–)10–12(–14) mm, usually campanulate or more rarely tubular-campanulate, dorsal line slightly curved (but straight at the apex); lobes oval or rectangular to triangular, with irregularly dentate margin; on Aconitum cymbulatum ( Ranunculaceae ) ...................................................................................................................................................... O. mlokosiewiczii

- Corolla (21–)22–23(–25) × (6.8–)7–7.8(–8.3) mm, tubular, strongly curved (but ± deflexed at the apex); lobes spathulate rounded, with finely and irregularly denticulate and glandular margin; on Prenanthes petiolata ( Asteraceae )....... O. flava subsp. cicerbitae

3 Corolla with distally straight dorsal line, with a distinctly flattened subapical area; lower lip cruciform, with concave, spathulate, very divergent lobes; on Centaurea sp. and Echinops sp. ( Asteraceae ) ................................................................................ O. kochii

- Corolla with regularly curved dorsal line; lower lip with less divergent, elliptic or rounded and flat to convex lobes..................... 7

7 Corolla variably (orange, reddish, yellow, yellowish-brown), but usually vividly pigmented; filaments hairy almost to the apex; on Petasites sp. ( Asteraceae )........................................................................................................................................................ O. flava

- Corolla brownish, purple or reddish to yellowish brown, rarely yellow, but usually feebly pigmented; filaments hairy at most in its lower two thirds.................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

8 Plants up to 85 cm, tall and stout; inflorescences long, cylindrical, often covering the upper two thirds of the stem; corolla with dorsal line regularly curved, sometimes more or less deflexed at the apex; upper corolla lip shallowly emarginate; mainly on Centaurea sp. ( Asteraceae ) ............................................................................................................................................... O. elatior s. str.

- Plants up to 60 cm, usually shorter and more slender, with relatively narrower stems; oval inflorescences, dense, at most covering the upper half of the stem; corolla with regularly and strongly curved dorsal line, but somewhat straight at the apex; upper corolla lip more deeply and distinctly emarginate; on Apiaceae (mainly on Peucedanum ) .......................................................... O. alsatica