Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus ( Fieber, 1864 )

Konstantinov, Fedor V., 2008, Review of Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), American Museum Novitates 3607 (1), pp. 1-44 : 22-26

Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus ( Fieber, 1864)

Figures 8, 9 , 48, 51–54, 63, 64

Capsus halimocnemis Becker, 1864 (August or September): 485 (nomen oblitum, syn. by Kerzhner, in Kerzhner and Jaczewski, 1964: 752).

Psallus ? fuscovenosus Fieber, 1864 (November) : 330.

Solenoxyphus crassipes Reuter, 1879: 257–258 (unnecessary new name for Psallus fuscovenosus Fieber , erroneously considered a separate species by Wagner, 1969).

Solenoxyphus reticulatus Reuter, 1900: 260–261 (syn. by Horváth, 1903: 556).

Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus f. cruenta Stichel, 1956: 252 . Considered by Wagner and Weber, 1964: 540 as a variety of S. lepidus .

DIAGNOSIS: The species is easily distinguished by the characteristic reticulate color pattern on membrane. However, the palest specimens with a reduced reticulate pattern can be confused with S. punctipennis . Both S. fuscovenosus and S. punctipennis have similar color pattern on forewings, composed of minute and rather regularly distributed dots, but differ in the structure of apical process of the vesica, which is distinctly shorter and more robust in the former species.

DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Entire body surface covered only with long silver setae, usually adpressed on forewings (fig. 52), semierect on pronotum and scutellum.

COLORATION: Body greenish to pale yellow. Head and antennae uniformly pale. Pronotum, exposed part of mesoscutum and scutellum pale, often with whitish midline. Basal part of pronotum and whole or apical part of scutellum covered with minute pale brown dotting. In the palest specimens, this dotting remaining only at basal corners of pronotum or absent. Whole forewing except membrane rather regularly and very densely covered with minute gray dots. In the palest specimens dotting becomes obsolete at extreme base of wing. Diameter of dots on forewings not more than half the width of second antennal segment at base. Membrane with characteristic, but variable color pattern. Typically, larger cell and whole area along lateral margin of membrane contrastingly embrowned, the rest part with reticulate, somewhat resembling brown venation pattern (fig. 64). Smaller cell and rectangular stripe just behind apex of cuneus usually transparent. Reticulate pattern and, to a lesser extent, embrowned lateral area often reduced, sometimes very pale and barely visible or even completely absent. Loss of reticulate pattern usually occurs in specimens with wholly embrowned cells and brown edging along outer vein (fig. 63). Ventral surface pale. Femora with minute brown dotting on apical parts of dorsal surfaces and whole ventral surfaces. In the palest specimens dotting on fore- and middle femora somewhat reduced. Hind femora with well-developed dotting of same color as dots on forewings. Dots on hind femora equal in diameter to those on forewings or slightly larger. Tibia pale, with minute, but always clearly visible brown dots at bases of embrowned tibial spines.

MALE GENITALIA: Vesica as in figs. 8, 9, apical process comparatively robust and shortened, straight, nearly as long as width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange well developed. Series of teeth comparatively long, extending somewhat proximal to secondary gonopore.

STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Labium at least slightly surpassing hind coxae, often reaching fourth abdominal segment. Hind femora swollen in males and especially females. Females macropterous.

In males, body 3.0–3.3 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.0–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.2–1.3 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.3– 1.5 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.8–1.0 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.0–1.3 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.0– 3.8 mm.

In females, body 2.7–3.2 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.0–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.2–1.4 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.7– 2.0 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.6–0.8 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.8–1.1 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.0– 3.9 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia ( Hoberlandt, 1977), Turkey ( Reuter, 1900), Azerbaijan ( Kiritshenko, 1918), southern Ukraine, southern part of European Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran ( Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999). The species was also recorded from Konstantinovskaya St. (N of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan) near Kazakhstan frontier by Sahlberg (1904). S. crassipes was indicated from Tashkent ( Uzbekistan) by Reuter (1883).

HOST PLANTS: Wagner (1969) reported Camphorosma annua (Chenopodiaceae) as the host plant of S. fuscovenosus . According to his observations ( Wagner, 1975) the species has a monovoltine life cycle and imagos were found in August and September. Capsus halimocnemis Becker, 1864 was described from Halimocnemis glauca ( Chenopodiaceae , this species is currently placed in Petrosimonia ) and Halimocnemis crassifolia (junior synonym of Petrosimonia oppositifolia ). In northwestern Kazakhstan representatives of this species were collected from Halocnemum strobilaceum (Chenopodiaceae) and Petrosimonia oppositifolia , in northeastern Kazakhstan from Suaeda sp. (Chenopodiaceae) .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lectotype of Capsus halimocnemis : Volgograd Prov.: Krasnoarmeysk [former Sarepta], Becker , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140765 ).

Paralectotypes of Capsus halimocnemis : same label as lectotype, 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00140783–AMNH_PBI 00140786); same label as lectotype, on Halimocnemis glauca 53 (AMNH_PBI 00140778–AMNH_PBI 00140782), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00140776–AMNH_PBI 00140777, AMNH_PBI 00140787–AMNH_PBI 00140790); same label as lectotype, sweeping on Halimocnemis glauca & H. oppositifolia 10♀ (AMNH_PBI 00140766–AMNH_PBI 00140775).

Additional material: AUSTRIA: Burgenland, Illmitz , 20 Aug 1960, 2♀, without USI label ( JR) . HUNGARY: Dorosma , 19 Aug 1887, 23, without USI label ( MNHN) . KAZAKHSTAN: Atyrau Prov.: mouth of Ural River, Island nr channels Zolotaya and Zaroslaya , 29 Jul 1934, Petrov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140753 ) . Karaganda Prov. : 40 km S of Atasu [Zhana-Arka], 03 Jun 1960, I. M. Kerzhner, Suaeda sp. , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00137103 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137104 ) ( AMNH) . Suaeda sp. , 93 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140798 – AMNH _ PBI 00140801 , AMNH _ PBI 00140812 – AMNH _ PBI 00140816 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140804 – AMNH _ PBI 00140806 ) . Kostanay Prov.: 250 km S Kustanai, Ak-Suat Lake , 01 Aug 1935, Formozov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140857 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140874 – AMNH _ PBI 00140877 ) . Kyzylorda Prov.: 30 km SE of Turkistan, Ajak-kol Lake , 14 May 1994, F. Konstantinov, Suaeda sp. , 173 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140808 – AMNH _ PBI 00140810 , AMNH _ PBI 00140843 – AMNH _ PBI 00140852 ) , 17♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140830 – AMNH _ PBI 00140842 ) . Dzhulek [Zhulek], 01 May 1909 – 01 Jun 1909, Kozhanchikov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140752 ) . Mangistau Prov.: Kizyl-Tash, coast of Kaydak Gulf , Caspian sea, 12 Aug 1934, Rezvoy, 13( AMNH _ PBI 00140881 ) ; 29 Jul 1934, Rezvoy, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140858 , AMNH _ PBI 00140859 ) . West Kazakhstan Prov.: Khaki nr Urda , 03 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140807 ) . Saikhin , 30 Jun 1961, I. M. Kerzhner, Petrosimonia oppositifolia , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137105 ) ( AMNH) ; 30 Jun 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140819 , AMNH _ PBI 00140824 , AMNH _ PBI 00140829 ) Petrosimonia oppositifolia , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140802 – AMNH _ PBI 00140803 , AMNH _ PBI 00140826 – AMNH _ PBI 00140828 ) Halocnemum strobilaceum , 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140791 – AMNH _ PBI 00140797 ) , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140820 – AMNH _ PBI 00140823 , AMNH _ PBI 00140825 ) . ROMANIA: Valachie : Laeu Saral, Montadon, 13, without USI label ( MNHN) . RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Astrakhan Prov.: 100 km SW Astrakhan, 15 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, annual Chenopodiaceae , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140855 ) . El’ton Lake , 05 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, annual Chenopodiaceae , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140854 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140853 ) . Dagestan Rep.: Makhachkala [former Petrovsk], 27 Jul 1926, Ryabov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140879 ) . Krasnodar Terr.: Novonikolaevskaya Stanitsa , 29 Jun 1934, Rysakov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140890 ) . Orenburg Prov.: Left bank of Ural River, Verkhnedneprovka , 17 Jul 1934, L. Zimin, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140896 , AMNH _ PBI 00140897 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140888 , AMNH _ PBI 00140889 ) . TURKEY: 50 km S of Aksaray, 07 Aug 1963, Linnavuori, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00137127 , AMNH _ PBI 00137128 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137129 ) ( AMNH) . TURKMENISTAN: Ashgabat [ Askhabad ], 06 May 1932, E. Kuznetsova, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140878 ) . Kara-Bogaz , 40 km N Gyzylarbat [Kizyl-Arvat], 07 May 1953, Odintsova, Light Trap, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140880 ) . UKRAINE: Nr Primorsk [former Nogaisk], 24 Jun 1940, Lukyanovich, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140895 ) . Potoki nr Kremenchuk , 10 Jul 1940, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140884 ) ;. 10 Aug 1939 – 11 Aug 1939, Lukyanovich, 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140885 – AMNH _ PBI 00140887 ) . Solenyi Liman nr Znamenka , Dnepropetrovsk Distr., 16 Jul 1939, Lukyanovich, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137101 , AMNH _ PBI 00137102 ). ( AMNH) . 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140866 , AMNH _ PBI 00140867 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140861 – AMNH _ PBI 00140864 ) ; 20 Jun 1940, Lukyanovich, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140868 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140860 ) . Zanki nr Zmiyev [Zmiev], 08 Jul 1940, Lukyanovich, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140882 , AMNH _ PBI 00140883 ) . Crimea: Eupatoria , 27 Jul 1902, V.E. Jakovlev, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140785 ) . Kerch , 19 Aug 1918, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140817 ) ; 09 Jul 1918, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140818 ) ; 02 Sep 1917, A. N. Kiritshenko, 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140869 – AMNH _ PBI 00140873 ) ; 05 Sep 1917, A. N. Kiritshenko, 63 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140856 , AMNH _ PBI 00140869 – AMNH _ PBI 00140873 ) .

Solenoxyphus halocnemi ( Putshkov, 1984) new comb.

Figures 6, 7 , 60

Leucopterum halocnemi Putshkov, 1984: 28 .

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the large dimensions, presence of dark setae, regular minute dotting on dorsum and vesica structure. Close to S. pallens but differs in larger size and darker dotting on forewings. Vesica in S. halocnemi , unlike S. pallens , has welldeveloped series of teeth running to base of apical process.

DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Setae on head, pronotum, scutellum, and ventral surface silver. Forewings with silver setae only at bases and laterally while the entire surface of wing covered with straight adpressed pale brown setae.

COLORATION: Body (fig. 60) greenish to pale yellow. Head and antennae pale, without any color pattern. Pronotum and scutellum pale yellow, usually with greenish basal and apical parts. Clavus, corium and cuneus yellow, whole-colored, covered with remarkably minute and depressed pale brown dots. Dotting on forewings regularly distributed, discolored or absent only at extreme base of wing and basal part of cuneus. Membrane wholly transparent or slightly embrowned, in one female from Kazakhstan with distinctly embrowned cells. Thorax, legs, and abdomen uniformly pale, without any markings. Tibial spines gently embrowned.

MALE GENITALIA: Vesica robust, as in figs. 6 and 7. Apical process long and acute, tapering, with somewhat curved apex, longer than width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange narrow, but distinctly sclerotized. Series of teeth extending from area proximal to secondary gonopore to base of apical process.

STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Labium slightly surpassing middle coxae, darkened apically. Hind femora comparatively thin in males, somewhat swollen in females. Females macropterous.

In males, body 3.0–3.1 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.0–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.4 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.1–1.2 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.9 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.2 X as long as width of head. Body length: 4.8– 5.0 mm.

In females, body 2.3–2.4 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.1–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.3–1.4 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.5 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.6– 0.7 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.9 X as long as width of head. Body length: 4.1– 4.3 mm.

NOTE: This species was hitherto known only from the type locality (Molla-Kara near Dzhebel ( Turkmenistan), where it was collected from Halocnemum strobilaceum . Twelve specimens from Shekaftar ( Kyrgyzstan) and Balhash railway station ( Kazakhstan), which were collected from Anabasis truncata , were revealed during this study. All the specimens were found to be indistinguishable from the type series in measurements, ratios, color pattern, vestiture, and structure of the male genitalia (figs. 6, 7). These specimens are herein identified as S. halocnemi . Apparently, more extensive material is needed to clarify the interrelationships and host associations in S. pallens group of species.

DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan *, Kyrgyzstan *, Turkmenistan, and Mongolia *.

HOST PLANTS: Halocnemum strobilaceum , Anabasis truncata (Chenopodiaceae) .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Paratypes: TURK- MENISTAN: Dzhebel, 16 Sep 1976, Putshkov, Halocnemum strobilaceum , 13, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140676 ). Mollakara, 18 Sep 1976, Putshkov, Halocnemum strobilaceum , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140674 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI

00140677). KAZAKHSTAN: Karaganda Prov. : 12 km E Balqash [Balhash], 18 Jun 1962, I. M. Kerzhner, Anabasis truncata , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140673 ) . KYRGYZSTAN: Shekaftar, Fergana valley , 19 Jun 1966, I. M. Kerzhner, Anabasis truncata , 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140668 ) 7♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140670 – AMNH _ PBI 00140672 ) . MONGOLIA: Hovd Aimak: Lower of Bodonchin-Gol River, 20 km SW Bor- Udzuur [Altai somon], 04 Aug 1968, Emeljanov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140675 ) .

Figures

Figs. 8–18. Vesica, ventral view: 8–9, Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus: 8, Kazakhstan: Saykhin, on Halocnemum strobilaceum; 9, Ukraine: Kerch. 10–11. S. adspersus: 10, Turkmenistan: Repetek (Hohlbeck); 11, Uzbekistan: Derbent. 12, S. punctipennis, Azerbaijan: Turut steppe. 13–15, S. lepidus: 13, Kazakhstan: Muyunkum sands; 14, Mongolia: Gobi Altai Aimak; 15, Spain: Alfés. 16, S. artemisiae, Uzbekistan, holotype. 17–18, S. alkani: 17, Armenia, holotype of S. markevichi; 18, Turkey, paratype.

Figs. 1–7. Vesica, ventral view: 1, Solenoxyphus candidatus (Kazakhstan: Karasay st.); 2, S. nanophyti (Tuva, paratype); 3–4, S. asanovae (Kazakhstan: Koksengir, paratype); 5, S. loginovae (Turkmenistan: Repetek, paratype); 6–7, S. halocnemi: 6, Kyrgyzstan, on Anabasis truncata, 7, Turkmenistan, Mollakara, paratype, on Halocnemum strobilaceum.