Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, 1912

Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2020, A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China, ZooKeys 983, pp. 1-442 : 1

Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, 1912

Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, 1912b: 355.

Terminalinus Hopkins, 1915a: 10. Synonymy: Wood and Bright 1992: 697.

Notoxyleborus Schedl, 1934b: 84. Synonymy: Smith et al. 2020: 39.

Kelantanius Nunberg, 1961: 621. Synonymy: Wood 1986: 83.

Type species.

Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum Hagedorn, 1912b; original designation.

Diagnosis.

1.7-5.0 mm, very stout to very elongate (2.19-3.67 × as long as wide) with elytral apex entire and variable declivital forms. Cyclorhipidion is a morphologically variable genus. However species can largely be distinguished by their distinctive appearance with most of body covered with dense pubescence and very abundant minute punctures, elytral disc with confused interstrial punctures, pronotum and elytra rounded, typically with no conspicuous edges or carinae, antennal club flattened, type 3 (types 4 and 5 rare), visible scutellum, protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer edge (rarely obliquely triangular), procoxae contiguous and lack of mycangial tufts. Several species have obliquely truncate or truncate declivities.

Fraudatrix and Truncaudum are very similar to small Cyclorhipidion species and are distinguished by the obliquely truncate type 2 antennal club. Tricosa is also similar and is distinguished by the distinctly triangular protibiae.

Similar genera.

Anisandrus , Dryoxylon , Fraudatrix , Tricosa , Truncaudum .

Distribution.

Occurring in temperate and tropical forests worldwide with the exception of South America. Three species have been introduced to the United States. ( Hoebeke et al. 2018).

Gallery system.

Usually consists of an unbranched entrance tunnel leading to a single narrow brood chamber, which may be quite large, in the longitudinal plane ( Browne 1961b; Hulcr and Cognato 2013). However, in C. perpilosellum , the gallery system has a few branches in the horizontal plane with small, irregular brood chambers ( Browne 1961b).

Remarks.

Some species of Cyclorhipidion have a strong host preference for trees of the family Fagaceae . These species occur especially in areas where this family is abundant in the forests ( Beaver et al. 2014).