Paraoaxaca tlapaneca, Aguilar-RoldáN & Gómez-Tapia & Mariño-Pérez & Song & Vázquez-Reyes & Sanabria-Urbán, 2024

Aguilar-Rolda ́ N, César Antonio, Gómez-Tapia, José David, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Song, Hojun, Vázquez-Reyes, Leopoldo D. & Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, 2024, Studies in Mexican grasshoppers: four new species of the genus Oaxaca Fontana Buzzetti & Mariño-Pérez, 2011 with the erection of the subgenus Paraoaxaca (Caelifera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae), Zootaxa 5486 (4), pp. 499-538 : 521-524

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.4.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB7EE938-98DD-4D39-9BAA-68432A36515B
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210735
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/926A7070-2805-FFE3-E0FB-FC40FCAEFDF9
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Paraoaxaca tlapaneca
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Paraoaxaca tlapaneca sp. nov. Aguilar-Roldán, Gómez-Tapia, Mariño-Pérez & Sanabria-Urbán

DIAGNOSIS AND MORPHOLOGICAL AFFINITIES. Males of this species are differentiated from other Paraoaxaca species by their moderately short, subtriangular, and flattened furcula with tips pointing forwards or sidewards ( Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ) along with the subtriangular subgenital plate with a pointy posterior border ( Fig. 12C–D View FIGURE 12 ); or by the paddle-shaped lophi of epiphallus ( Fig. 16A–B View FIGURE 16 ), in combination with the long dorsal aedeagal valves with gutter-like tips bended laterally or anteriorly ( Fig. 16C–D View FIGURE 16 ). Other differences are shown in Table 2 View TABLE 2 . Despite the lophi in tlapaneca sp. nov. approaches the shape seen ottei sp. nov. and the similarities in coloration patterns between these two species and cuitlateca sp. nov. (which exhibit ivory coloration on the dorsomedial and dorsolateral stripes, as well as on the lower surface of their body), the shape and size of endophallic valves of tlapaneca sp. nov. are unique and strongly differentiated among its congeners. Moreover, tlapaneca sp. nov. seems to be allopatrically distributed in the southern portion of subgenus range ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ).

SPECIES DESCRIPTION. Coloration ( Fig. 5E–H View FIGURE 5 ) and general morphology ( Fig. 8E–H View FIGURE 8 ): similar in variation as described for the subgenus, except for the coloration of central and dorsolateral light stripes of the dorsal surface of the body that in this species ranges from white to ivory. Male terminalia ( Fig. 12A–D View FIGURE 12 ): supra-anal plate subtriangular with rounded posterior border. Furcula nearly touching dorsally, moderately short, subtriangular, and flattened in the base with rounded tips pointing forwards or lightly slanted sidewards in dorsal view ( Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ). Cerci conical and straight, tapering gradually towards the apex, nearly as long as the supra-anal plate ( Fig. 12A–B View FIGURE 12 ). Subgenital plate with a pointy posterior border pointing dorso-posteriorly dorsal view ( Fig. 12C View FIGURE 12 ) and with ventral border decidedly developed ventro-posteriorly in lateral view ( Fig. 12D View FIGURE 12 ). Female terminalia ( Fig. 12E–F View FIGURE 12 ): supra-anal plate triangular. Furcula not developed. Cerci conical, nearly one-half the length of the supra-anal plate ( Fig. 12E View FIGURE 12 ). Dorsal valves of ovipositor lanceolate with tips curved dorsally ( Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 ). Ventral valves of ovipositor with a ventral tooth projecting posteriorly and tips curved ventrally ( Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 ). Male genitalia ( Fig. 16A–D View FIGURE 16 ): epiphallus well sclerotized, bridge strongly curved anteriorly ( Fig. 16A View FIGURE 16 ); ancorae short, triangular, and curved ventrally ( Fig. 16A–B View FIGURE 16 ); anterior projections curved inwards with sharp pointy apices ( Fig. 16A–B View FIGURE 16 ); lophi prominent, paddle-shaped and developed posteriorly with anterior-internal tooth barely developed dorsally ( Fig. 16A–B View FIGURE 16 ). Endophallus with long dorsal valves (notably developing beyond the sheath of ectophallus) with gutter-like tips bended laterally or anteriorly in dorsal view ( Fig. 16C–D View FIGURE 16 ). Ventral valves elongated, slender, and completely wrapped by and as long as the dorsal aedeagal valves ( Fig. 16D View FIGURE 16 ).

EXTERNAL VARIATION (in mm). Males (n = 16): body length: 10.91–17.55 (15.07 ± 1.32), pronotum length: 2.76–3.91 (2.93 ± 0.27), prozona length: 1.83–2.74 (2.08 ± 0.28), metazona length: 0.69–1.11 (0.87 ± 0.11), metazona/prozona ratio: 0.31–0.53 (0.42 ± 0.06), and hind femur length: 7.74–10.08 (8.37 ± 0.52). Females (n = 16): body length: 15.29–19.57 (18.01 ± 1.14), pronotum length: 3.35–4.51 (3.83 ± 0.28), prozona length: 2–2.97 (2.58 ± 0.24), metazona length: 0.78–1.64 (1.15 ± 0.2), metazona/prozona ratio: 0.31–0.55 (0.44 ± 0.06), and hind femur length: 8.42–11.65 (10.13 ± 0.74).

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype male ( Fig. 8E, G View FIGURE 8 ): México, Guerrero, Guamu, Sierra de Atoyac, km 19 Carr Acapulco-Zihuatanejo ; Selva seca caducifolia, 13-X-2018, 49 masl, 16.95885º N, -99.91789º W, S. Sanabria-Urbán, R. Palacios & V. H. Jimenéz-Arcos L01.2018 (locality L01), CAFESI (specimen #17). GoogleMaps Additional type material: allotype female ( Fig. 8F, H View FIGURE 8 ) and GoogleMaps one male paratype with same data as holotype, CAFESI; GoogleMaps 7 paratypes (5♂ and 2♀) from: Mexico, Guerrero, 14 mi. S. Chilpancingo; brushy posture, forest on hillside, 4-IX- 1981, 222 masl, 17.391577º N, - 99.474267º W, Otte, Azuma, Newlin #52 (locality L10), ANSP. GoogleMaps 10 paratypes (5♂ and 5♀) from: Mexico, Guerrero, 16 rd. mi. S. Chilpancingo (km. 298 on Hwy.95);, 19-IX-1959, 1158 masl, 17.37341º N, - 99.480445º W, I.J. Cantrall & T. J. Cohn #147 (locality L11), ANSP. GoogleMaps 1 male paratype from: Mexico, Guerrero, 19 mi. S. Chilpancingo; Oak and pine, tall grass, 4-IX- 1981, 975 masl, 17.34116º N, - 99.479662º W, Otte, Azuma, Newlin #51 (locality L12), ANSP. GoogleMaps 2 female paratypes from: México, Guerrero, Nueva Delhi, barranca frente a iglesia; Bosque mesófilo de montaña, 13-X-2018, 1327 masl, 17.41435º N, - 100.19736º W, S. Sanabria-Urbán, R. Palacios & V. H. Jimenéz-Arcos L04.2018 (locality L02), CAFESI. GoogleMaps 4 paratypes (1♂ and 3♀) from: México, Guerrero, Ca. La Siberia ; Bosque mesófilo de montaña, 14-X-2018, 1010 masl, 17.3237º N, - 100.25092º W, S. Sanabria-Urbán, R. Palacios & V. H. Jimenéz-Arcos L07.2018 (locality L03), CAFESI. GoogleMaps 5 paratypes (2♂ and 3♀) from: México, Guerrero, Carr.196, 2.82 km al Oeste de “El Rincón de las Parotas”, Atoyac; Selva seca Caducifolia y cultivo de Maíz, 21-I- 2024, 271 masl, 17.24425º N, - 100.40161º W, S. Sanabria-Urbán, L.D. Vázquez Reyes & J.D. Gómez-Tapia L03.2024 (locality L17), CAFESI. GoogleMaps

DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND TEMPORAL OCCURRENCE. This species has been found in seven lowland and midlands localities (49 –1327 masl) up to 97 km apart from each other in southcentral Guerrero, within the Pacific lowlands and the Sierra Madre del Sur biogeographic provinces ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Adult and nymphal individuals ( Fig. 5E, G View FIGURE 5 ) of tlapaneca sp. nov. have been collected from September to January (between 1959 and 2024) in weedy-bushy ruderal habitats, cultivated fields surrounded by tropical deciduous, cloud and oak forests ( Fig. 17 E–F View FIGURE 17 ).

ETYMOLOGY. This species is named after the Tlapaneca, also known as Me’phaa, an ancient native people that has inhabited southeastern Guerrero since pre-Columbian times and remains in the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero. The epithet tlapaneca is a feminine noun in apposition.

R	Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile
V	Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium
ANSP	Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
T	Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics