Triraphis

Valerio, Alejandro A. & Shaw, Scott R., 2015, Thirteen new Costa Rican species belonging to the genus Triraphis Ruthe (Braconidae: Rogadinae) with their host records, Zootaxa 3904 (4), pp. 501-540 : 503

Key for the described species of Triraphis in Costa Rica with host records (mainly for females)

1. Ocell-ocular distance <1/3 of lateral ocellus width ( Figs 1, 2, 3 )................................................ 2

- Ocell-ocular distance ≥1/3 of lateral ocellus width ( Figs 4, 5, 6 )................................................. 4

2 Fore wing patterned ( Fig. 112 ); antenna with fewer than 50 flagellomeres; hind leg yellow; first metasomal tergum with medial carina cristate.................................................................. T. simphlex Valerio , sp. nov.

- Fore wing hyaline ( Figs 105, 104 ), number of antennal flagellomeres variable; leg color variable, first metasomal tergum variable............................................................................................... 3

3. Mesoscutum orange ( Fig. 49 ); malar space narrower than basal width of mandible; antenna with 68–81 flagellomeres; mesonotum medial longitudinal pit tear-shaped and smooth; body length 7.4 mm; ratio of fore wing veins 3RSa/1RS between 3.10–4.18 T. guarusa Valerio , sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum yellow ( Fig. 27 ); malar space as wide as basal width of mandible; antenna with fewer than 60 flagellomeres; medial longitudinal pit on mesonotum smooth, not tear – shaped; body length smaller (7.0 mm); ratio of fore wing veins 3RSa/ 1RS ≤ 3.60 T. cortazari Valerio , sp. nov.

4. Area below sternauli with colliculate sculpturing throughout; mesonotum bright yellow; ocell-ocular distance half of lateral ocellus width ( Fig. 6 )........................................................... T. paraholos Valerio , sp. nov.

- Area below sternauli variable in sculture, never withcolliculate sculpturing; mesoscutum color variable; ocell-ocular distance variable............................................................................................ 5

5. Hind leg bicolored, coxae mostly black or with brownish yellow spots present, if coxae unicolored, then tibia and/or femur with distal tip black or dark brown (the contrast in color is conspicuous) ( Figs 16 , 68 ); occipital carina clearly separated from hypostomal carina ventrally............................................................................ 6

- Hind leg unicolored, totally ellow or whitish yellow ( Figs 38 , 62 ); occipital carina variable.......................... 7

6. Angle at union of fore wing veins 2RS – 2M acute ( Fig. 109 ); metasoma totally yellow as remainder of body except hind tibia partially black ( Figs 16, 18 )........................................................ T. balteus Valerio , sp. nov.

- Angle at union of fore wing veins 2RS – 2M wide ( Fig. 101 ); metasoma totally black or with basal area of second metasomal tergum white and with semi-circular shape ( Fig. 70 ) T. ornatus (Cresson) comb. nov.

7. Occipital carina dorsally effaced, gap length ≥ distance between exterior edges of lateral ocelli, and not fused with hypostomal carina; wings hyaline T. fasciipennis (Cresson) comb. nov.

- Occipital carina complete, if dorsally effaced then length of gap length <distance between external edges of the lateral ocelli; wings variable...................................................................................... 8

8. Propodeum with carinae as well as rugose and areolate-rugulose sculpture faint or completely absent; notauli with punctulate sculpturing; pterostigma elongate ( Figs 107, 108 )........................................................... 9

- Propodeum with well-defined cristate carinae and sculpturing; notauli sculpture variable; pterostigma shape variable ( Figs 103, 106 , 113 )...................................................................................... 10

9. Head and most of palpi black or dark brown, remainder of body yellow ( Fig. 59 ); notauli anterior half smooth, otherwise punctulate.................................................................... T. melasops Valerio , sp. nov.

- Head, palpi and remainder of body yellow ( Fig. 29 ); notauli punctulate throughout........... T. defectus Valerio , sp. nov.

10. Angle at union of fore wing veins 2RS and RS+Mb wide ( Figs 103, 102 )....................................... 11

- Angle at union of fore wing veins 2RS and RS+Mb acute ( Figs 106 , 113 )....................................... 12

11. Fore wings patterend ( Fig. 103 ); lineate sculpturing on first tergum identical to that on terga 2 – 3; malar space wider than basal width of mandible; length of hypopygium between 0.82 – 1.01 mm ......................... T. chinusi Valerio , sp. nov.

- Fore wings hyaline ( Fig. 102 ); lineate sculpturing on terga 1 – 3 not equal in separation and density on the three terga; malar space subequal to basal width of mandible; length of hypopygium between 0.56 – 0.78 mm .. T. fusciceps (Cresson) comb. nov.

12. Clypeus with a long setae which is longer than length of oral opening ( Fig. 81 ); first flagellomere as long as wide or nearly so; wings hyaline ( Fig. 113 ).......................................................... T. prolixus Valerio , sp. nov.

- Clypeus with setae shorter than length of oral opening; first flagellomere clearly longer than wide; wings variable...... 13

13. Head light brownish yellow, remainder of body yellow; ratio of fore wing veins 3RSa/1RS> 4; lineate sculpturing on tergum 1 more widely spaced and less dense than that on tergum 2 ( Figs 58 , 100 ) 14

- Head and body yellow or whitish yellow; ratio of fore wing veins 3RSa/1RS <3.9; lineate sculpturing on tergum 1 variable in its arragement in comparison with tergum 2.............................................................. 15

14. Fore wing with distal 1/3 infumate with infumate spot at vein 1 – CUa; ocell-ocular distance = 1/3 lateral ocellus width ( Fig. 106 ); propleuron dorso-lateral area with well-defined colliculate sculpturing anterirorly, remainder nitid.............................................................................................. T. ikelosops Valerio , sp. nov.

- Fore wing hyaline or with light yellow color ( Fig. 114 ); ocular – ocellar distance>1/3 of lateral ocellus width ( Fig. 12 ); propleuron dorso-lateral area medially with weak colliculate sculpturing, remainder nitid............... T. willei Valerio , sp. nov.

15. Basal lobe of tarsal claw wide, short and rounded at tip; propodeum with spiracles sub – oval, and first lateral areas of propodeum with fine granulate sculpturing present, remainder with spaced areolate-rugulose and faint colliculate sculpturing.......................................................................... T. areatus (Enderlein) comb. nov

- Basal lobe of hind tarsal claws with an acute and elongate tip; propodeum scultpture and spiracle shape variable........ 16

16. Ocell-ocular distance/width of lateral ocellus>0.5x ( Fig. 7 ); between 28 – 33 antennal flagellomeres; length of hind wing vein m+cu between 0.34 – 0.37 mm T. sicbaios Valerio , sp. nov.

- Ocell-ocular distance/width of lateral ocellus <0.5; between 35 – 38 antennal flagellomeres; length of hind wing vein m+cu between 0.56 – 0.65 mm ............................................................. T. baios Valerio , sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Ocell-ocular distance for: 1, Triraphis cortazari; 2, T. guarusa; 3, T. simphlex; 4, T. balteus; 5, T. defectus; 6, T. paraholos. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 109 – 114. Wing venation and wing pattern for: 109, Triraphis ornatus (Cresson); 110, T. sicbaios; 111, T. paraholos; 112, T. simphlex; 113, T. prolixus, and 114, T. willei.

FIGURE 101 – 108. Wing venation and wing pattern for: 101, Triraphis balteus; 102, T. fusciceps (Cresson); 103, T. chinusi; 104, T. guarusa; 105, T. cortazari; 106, T. ikelops; 107, T. defectus and 108, T. melasops.

FIGURE 47 – 52. Triraphis guarusa, 47, dorsal habitus; 48, lateral habitus; 49, mesosoma, dorsal view; 50, mesosoma, lateral view; 51, head, anterior view; 52, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 25 – 28. Triraphis cortazari, 25, mesosoma, dorsal view; 26, mesosoma, lateral view; 27, head, anterior view; 28, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 13 – 18. Triraphis balteus, 13, dorsal habitus; 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsal view; 16, mesosoma, lateral view; 17, head, anterior view; 18, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 65 – 70. Triraphis ornatus, 65, dorsal habitus; 66, lateral habitus; 67, mesosoma, dorsal view; 68, mesosoma, lateral view; 69, head, anterior view; 70, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 35 – 40. Triraphis fasciipennis, 35, dorsal habitus; 36, lateral habitus; 37, mesosoma, dorsal view; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, head, anterior view; 40, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 59 – 64. Triraphis melasops, 59, dorsal habitus; 60, lateral habitus; 61, mesosoma, dorsal view; 62, mesosoma, lateral view; 63, head, anterior view; 64, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 29 – 34. Triraphis defectus, 29, dorsal habitus; 30, lateral habitus; 31, mesosoma, dorsal view; 32, mesosoma, lateral view; 33, head, anterior view; 34, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 77 – 82. Triraphis prolixus, 77, dorsal habitus; 78, lateral habitus; 79, mesosoma, dorsal view; 80, mesosoma, lateral view; 81, head, anterior view; 82, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 53 – 58. Triraphis ikelopsops, 53, dorsal habitus; 54, lateral habitus; 55, mesosoma, dorsal view; 56, mesosoma, lateral view; 57, head, anterior view; 58, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 95 – 100. Triraphis willei, 95, dorsal habitus; 96, lateral habitus; 97, mesosoma, dorsal view; 98, mesosoma, lateral view; 99, head, anterior view; 100, metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.

FIGURE 7 – 12. Triraphis sicbaios, 7, head, dorsal view; 8, T. fasciipennis, ovipositor, lateral view; 9, T. fusciceps, ovipositor, lateral view; 10, T. ikelopsops ovipositor, lateral view; 11, T. simphlex, ovipositor, lateral view; 12, T. willei, ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bar in millimeters.