Collaria Provancher, 1872

Morales, Irina, Ferreira, Paulo S. F. & Forero, Dimitri, 2016, Taxonomic revision of Collaria Provancher, 1872 (Hemiptera: Miridae) with the description of a new species from the Afrotropical region, Zootaxa 4138 (2), pp. 201-246 : 203-205

Genus Collaria Provancher, 1872

Type species. Collaria meilleurii Provancher, 1872 (Lectotype designated by Kelton, 1968).

Collaria Provancher, 1872: 79 [n.gen.]; Carvalho 1959: 284 [catalog]; Schwartz 2008: 1179 [syn., diag., morph., phylogenetic relationships], Schuh 2002–2014 [catalog].

Trachelomiris Reuter, 1876: 61 [n. gen.] (syn. by Reuter 1905: 47); Carvalho 1959: 284 [catalog]; Schuh 2002–2014 [catalog].

Nabidea Uhler, 1878: 397 [n. gen.] (syn. by Uhler 1887: 230); Carvalho 1959: 284 [catalog].

Diagnosis. Recognized by the broad frons, smoothly merging with clypeus; mandibular plate produced and strongly rounded; eye removed from pronotum by distance equal to twice distal width of antennal segment I ( Figs. 1–15 ), with ‘‘neck’’, sulcate vertex, anteocular portion in dorsal view shorter or equal than half of total length of the head, pronotal anterior lobe narrowed, proepisternum strongly rounded, hemelytra weakly pilose, finely punctate, male genitalia with endosoma usually with left and right lateral endosomal sclerites ( Figs. 38–58 ) and female with well-developed dorsal structure, interramal lobes of posterior wall triangular or rounded, and medial process sclerotized ( Figs. 62–105 ).

Redescription. Male: Macropterous, medium sized (5.44–7.37 Table 1). COLORATION: Brown to black, with brownish or yellowish areas ( Figs. 1–15 ). Head: Uniformly colored with black Y-shaped marking extending from longitudinal sulcus to frons, transverse pale spot (V-shaped) behind to longitudinal sulcus or paired transverse markings lateral to longitudinal sulcus; first antennal segment usually pale brown, remaining segments brown; labial segment IV apically dark brown; clypeus in dorsal view uniformly colored or with small black spot; mandibular, maxillary plate, and buccula uniformly colored or with black spots. Pronotum: With two dark spots on humeral region; uniformly colored or with pale humeral angles; scutellum brown to black; legs pale yellowish to brown; femur pale yellowish with rounded brown spots, tibia pale brown, and tarsus brown. Hemelytra: Brownish to dark brown with pale spots. Abdomen: Brown or black. VESTITURE AND STRUCTURE: Body with short to long, sparsely distributed setae. Head: Slightly wider than long, with sparse, long, semi-erect pilosity; short longitudinal sulcus; mandibular plate produced and rounded; eyes ovoid, located medially on head, removed from pronotum by a distance about length of an eye; antenna with short or long erect setae on segments, sometimes with short bristles in segment I; segment I same width of segment II, two to four times width of II, remaining segments thin and cylindrical; antennal sockets not reaching mandibular-maxillary plate suture; clypeus smooth and shiny; buccula short, not reaching anterior margin of eyes; labium reaching posterior coxae, with sparse semi erect, golden pilosity. Thorax: Collar with impressed sulcus; pronotum with lateral constriction and transversal shallow sulcus or without clearly divided areas; pronotal anterior lobe abruptly narrowed or gradually narrowed, lateral margin of pronotum rounded or carinate, with sparse or abundant pilosity; calli well delimited, convex and separated, reaching lateral margin of pronotum; scutellum triangular, flat; proepisternum visible in dorsal view, rounded-convex. Hemelytra: Smooth with short, sparse, erect setae. Legs: With erect or sub erect setae longer than width of each segment, hind tibia with microtrichia apically. Abdomen: With semi-erect setae. GENITALIA: Pygophore triangular, apex slightly rounded or triangular ( Figs.16–24 ), tubercle on left lateroposterior margin of pygophore ( Figs. 18–21 , t) or without a pointed expansion ( Figs. 22–23 ); left paramere sickle-shaped ( Fig. 27 ) or sickle-shaped ending in lateral tip ( Fig. 29 ), with ventral (vsl) and dorsal (dsl) margins of sensory lobe nearly straight or clearly convex; hypophysis (hp) gradually acuminate from sensory lobe to apex; right paramere with basal sensory lobe bulbous, apex of hypophysis gradually acuminated ( Fig. 25–37 ); phallotheca (pt) as in Fig. 57 ; endosoma with various left and right lateral lobal sclerites: long sclerite (ls) strongly tapered towards apex and microtrichia in basal and medial region ( Figs. 38–40, 43, 44, 46 ); distal sclerite (ds) elongated, C-shaped or combshaped ( Figs. 41, 47, 48 ); medial left sclerite (ms) oval, semicircular or fusiform (with basal region wider) with trichia or smooth ( Figs. 42, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50 ); ventral right sclerite (vrs) elongated, glabrous, fusiform or elliptical; dorsal right sclerite (drs) fusiform with apex broad ( Figs. 51–56 ); ribbon like sclerite (rs) brush-shaped, with an expanded lobe extending beyond the distal margin of secondary gonopore, or armed only with a short lobe ( Figs. 38–50 ); dorsal margin of secondary gonopore sometimes with sclerite (sclerite of secondary gonopore (sgs)).

Female: Similar to male in coloration and structure, but usually longer (5.98 –7.06, Table 1), usually macropterous, sometimes brachypterous. GENITALIA: First gonapophysis with apical grooved region (agrfg) weakly or strongly sclerotized, broad or acute ( Figs. 62–71 ); second gonapophysis apically triangular, smooth or striated with teeth present or absent ( Figs. 72–81 ); dorsal labiate plate with one or two small sclerites caudal to sclerotized rings ( Figs. 82–93 ); posterior wall with triangular, rounded or sub quadrate interramal lobes, sometimes with a projection in lateroapical margin ( Figs. 94–105 ); dorsal structure small, medium-sized (covering half of interramal lobes), or large (as large as interramal lobes) ( Figs. 94–105 ); medial or sigmoid process strongly sclerotized, with inverted Y-shape, arrow-shaped or I-shape ( Figs. 94–105 ).

Geographic distribution. Widely distributed in the Neotropical, Nearctic, and Afrotropical regions.

Plant associations. Eleven of the 15 Collaria species lack host-plant data, however the placement of the genus in the predominately monocot feeding tribe Stenodemini , indicates that the known, but limited information for species of Collaria , is with Poaceae genera ( Achnatherum , Andropogon , Avena , Brachiaria, Calamagostris , Digitaria , Eriochloa, Eulisine , Oryza , Panicum , Pennisetum , Triticum , Setaria , Sorghum , Zea ). There are also associations with some Fabaceae (e.g., Phaseolus ) ( Carvalho & Fontes 1981; Martinez & Barreto 1998; Hérnandez & Henry 2010; Schuh 2002–2014), a phenomenon that is intriguing. Other plant associations as those found here with Asteraceae ( Solidago canadensis ), Cyperaceae (Carex) , and Rosaceae (Rubus) are probably not true host plant associations, but accidental records. According to Cassis & Schuh (2012), clarification of host association issues might be improved with better host plant documentation derived from adequate fieldwork and a better understanding of the detailed biology of mirid species.

Discussion. The large postocular region of the head with the ovoid eyes, located in the medial portion of the head easily allows for the recognition of this genus. Collaria was hypothesized to be related to the Afrotropical genus Nabidomiris Poppius, 1914 , but differs from it by having the dorsal portion of clypeus not produced and by the presence sometimes of brachypterous females (e.g., Collaria villiersi ) (Schwartz 2008). Furthermore, Schwartz (2008) maintained that the male genitalia of Collaria have a complex endosoma. The endosoma of Collaria spp. usually has seven sclerites that differ in form, and the female genitalia have well developed dorsal structure, interramal lobes of posterior wall triangular or rounded, and medial or sigmoid process sclerotized as described below.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Dorsal habitus of Collaria species. 1. C. boliviana; 2. C. capixaba; 3. C. danae male; 4. C. guaraniana; 5. C. husseyi; 6. C. improvisa; 7. C. manoloi female; 8. C. meilleurii. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES 9 – 15. Dorsal habitus of Collaria species. 9. C. nigra male; 10. C. obscuricornis; 11. C. oculata; 12. C. oleosa; 13. C. scenica; 14. C. schwartzi sp. nov; 15. C. villiersi. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 38 – 50. Male endosoma, left lateral view. 38. C. boliviana, 39. C. capixaba, 40. C. guaraniana, 41. C. husseyi (modified from Carvalho & Fontes, 1981), 42. C. improvisa, 43. C. manoloi (modified from Carvalho & Carpintero, 1989,), 44. C. meilleurii, 45. C. obscuricornis, 46. C. oculata, 47. C. oleosa, 48. C. scenica, 49. C. schwartzi sp. nov., 50. C. villiersi. Scale bars 1 mm. Long sclerite (ls), medial left sclerite (ms), distal sclerite (ds), ribbon like sclerite (rs), secondary gonopore (gs), and sclerite of the secondary gonopore (sgs).

FIGURES 51 – 56. Male endosoma, right lateral view. 51. C. improvisa, 52. C. meilleurii, 53. C. obscuricornis, 54. C. oculata, 55. C. schwartzi sp. nov., 56. C. villiersi. Scale bars 1 mm. Dorsal right sclerite (drs), ventral right sclerite (vrs).

FIGURES 57 – 61. Male genitalia of Collaria schwartzi sp. nov. 57. Endosoma left lateral view, 58. Endosoma right lateral view 59. Pygophore, 60. Left paramere, 61. Right paramere. Scale bars 1 mm. Phallotheca (pt), medial left sclerite (ms), dorsal right sclerite (drs), ventral right sclerite (vrs), ribbon like sclerite (rs), secondary gonopore (gs), sclerite of secondary gonopore (sgs).

FIGURES 62 – 71. Apex of first gonapophysis in lateral view of Collaria species. 62. C. boliviana, 63. C. capixaba, 64. C. improvisa, 65. C. meilleurii, 66. C. obscuricornis, 67. C. oculata, 68. C. oleosa, 69. C. scenica, 70. C. schwartzi sp. nov., 71. C. villiersi. Scale bars 5 µ. Apical grooved region of first gonapophysis (agrfg), dorsal margin of first gonapophysis (dmfg), carina of first gonapophysis (cfg), ventral margin of first gonapophysis (vmfg).

FIGURES 72 – 81. Apex of second gonapophysis in lateral view of Collaria spp. 72. C. boliviana, 73. C. capixaba, 74. C. improvisa, 75. C. meilleurii, 76. C. obscuricornis, 77. C. oculata, 78. C. oleosa, 79. C. scenica, 80. C. schwartzi sp. nov., 81. C. villiersi. Scale bars 5 µ. Apical grooved region of second gonapophysis (agrsg), dorsal margin of second gonapophysis (dmsg).

FIGURES 82 – 93. Dorsal labiate plate with sclerotized rings of Collaria spp. 82. C. boliviana, 83. C. capixaba, 84. C. guaraniana, 85. C. husseyi (84, 85 modified from Carvalho & Fontes, 1981), 86. C. improvisa, 87. C. meilleurii, 88. C. obscuricornis, 89. C. oculata, 90. C. oleosa, 91. C. scenica, 92. C. schwartzi sp. nov., 93. C. villiersi. Scale bars 1 mm. Sclerotization of dorsal labiate plate (sdlp), sclerotized ring (sr).

FIGURES 94 – 105. Posterior wall of Collaria spp. 94. C. boliviana, 95. C. capixaba, 96. C. guaraniana, 97. C. husseyi (95, 96 modified from Carvalho & Fontes, 1981), 98. C. improvisa, 99. C. meilleurii, 100. C. obscuricornis, 101. C. oculata, 102. C. oleosa, 103. C. scenica, 104. C. schwartzi sp. nov., 105. C. villiersi. Scale bars 5 µ. Dorsal structure of posterior wall (ds), interramal lobe of posterior wall (irl), lateroapical margin of interramal lobe (lam), medial process of posterior wall (mp).

FIGURES 16 – 24. Pygophore, dorsal view. Collaria spp. 16. C. boliviana, 17. C. capixaba, 18. C. improvisa, 19. C. meilleurii, 20. C. obscuricornis, 21. C. oculata, 22. C. oleosa, 23. C. scenica, 24. C. schwartzi sp. nov. Scale bars 1 mm. Anterior opening of pygophore (apo), tubercle on left lateroposterior margin of pygophore (t).

FIGURES 25 – 37. Left and right parameres of Collaria species. 25. C. boliviana (modified from Carvalho, 1990), 26. C. capixaba, 27. C. guaraniana, 28. C. husseyi, 29. C. improvisa, 30. C. manoloi (modified from Carvalho & Carpintero, 1989), 31. C. meilleurii, 32. C. obscuricornis, 33. C. oculata, 34. C. oleosa, 35. C. scenica 36. C. schwartzi sp. nov., 37. C. villiersi. (Figs. 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, modified from Carvalho & Fontes, 1981). Scale bars 1 mm. Hypophysis (hp), ventral margin of basal sensory lobe of paramere (vsl), left paramere (lp), dorsal margin of basal sensory lobe of paramere (dsl), right paramere (rp).