Ceratozamia latifolia Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1(4): 206. 1848

Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco & Stevenson, Dennis Wm., 2022, Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus, PhytoKeys 208, pp. 1-102 : 1

15. Ceratozamia latifolia Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1(4): 206. 1848

Figs 7B , 10A

Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. latifolia (Miq.) J.Schust., Pflanzenr. 99: 131. 1932. Type: Based on Ceratozamia latifolia Miq.

Ceratozamia microstrobila Vovides & Rees, Madroño 30: 39. 1983. Type: Mexico. San Luis Potosí: Mun. Ciudad del Maíz, Ejido Las Abritas, km 47 Ciudad Mante-Ciudad del Maíz, 850 m, 7 Nov 1974, J. Rees 1613 (holotype: XAL! [XAL0099666]; isotypes: FCME! [acc. # 132849], IBUG! [acc. # 155413], MO! [acc. # 5715707], XAL [n.v.]).

Type.

Mexico. San Luis Potosí: Route 70, 46 km West of Ciudad Valles, 650 m, 20 Jul 1983, D.E. Stevenson 565E (neotype, designated by Stevenson and Sabato 1986, pg. 579: NY! [00001117]; isoneotypes: MEXU! [MEXU00469173, MEXU00469148]) .

Description.

Stem 5-15 cm long, 10-25 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 1.5-3 × 2-4 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 1-8, 53-163.5 cm long, descending, reddish brown at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 25-80 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves, generally unarmed, rarely up to 3 prickles, 0.08-0.10 cm long. Rachis 25-110 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves, unarmed. Leaflets 7-22 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, in general longitudinally planar, basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and indistinct veins; median leaflets 12-28 × 2.3-5.1 cm, 1.7-12.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.4-1.1 cm wide, brown. Pollen strobili 10-20 cm long, 2.1-2.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, reddish brown at maturity; peduncle 5-15 cm long, 0.79-1.5 cm in diameter, reddish brown to brown pubescent; microsporophylls 0.5-1.3 × 0.5-1.1 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.20-0.30 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.1-0.20 cm long, 0.40-0.55 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 6.5-16 cm long, 5.5-8.0 cm in diameter, solitary, globose, erect, light green at emergence with brown trichomes, greyish light brown with brown trichomes at maturity, apiculate apex; peduncle 4-13.5 cm long, 1.3-1.8 cm in diameter, erect, brown pubescent; megasporophylls 24-63, 5-7 orthostichies with 4-9 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.0-2.7 × 1.6-2.9 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.36-0.76 cm long, 0.54-0.63 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 1.5-2.2 cm long, 1.2-1.6 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, light brown at maturity.

Distribution and habitat.

Ceratozamia latifolia is distributed widely in the mountainous region of San Luis Potosí State, Mexico (Fig. 19C ), where it occurs in pine-oak, oak and cloud forests between 600-1,100 m.

Etymology.

The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “latus” (wide) and “folium” (leaves).

Common names.

Mexico. San Luis Potosí: Chamalillo, corosillo (S. Sabato et al. 2340); Konlif in the teenek/huasteco language ( Bonta et al. 2019).

Uses.

The seeds are used to obtain meal for tortillas ( Bonta et al. 2019).

Conservation status.

( IUCN 2021). The status listed for Ceratozamia latifolia is “Endangered” under criteria A2cd+4cd. However, the current circumscription and distribution data indicate that status should be changed to "Vulnerable (V)".

Discussion.

Ceratozamia latifolia differs from C. chamberlainii by its unarmed petiole or if armed with no more than 3 prickles, its papyraceous leaflets, and discoid microsporophylls with a rounded distal face and horns up to 0.20 cm long. Additionally, this species is characterized by reddish brown leaves at emergence and ovulate strobilus is greyish light brown with brown trichomes at maturity and an apiculate apex.

Specimens examined.

Mexico. San Luis Potosí: Cultivated , 24 Jan 1994, F. García S. s/n (SLPM); Dec 1977, N.F. McCarten 2552 (ENCB). Mun. Alaquines, 1,428 m, 21 Dec 2008, J. Fortanelli M. & H.A. Castillo 141 (SLPM). Mun. Cárdenas, 950 m, 12 to 15 Sep 1967, J. Rzedowski 24746 (ENCB). Mun. Ciudad del Maíz, 750 m, 13 Oct 1968, H. Puig 3420 (ENCB, P); 25 Apr 2001, S. Avendaño 5320 (MEXU); 900-1,300 m, 5 Feb 1984, S. Sabato et al. 2340 (ENCB, MEXU, MO). Mun. El Naranjo, 7 Nov 1951, Clint 144 (US); 20 Jul 1997, D.W. Stevenson 567 (XAL); 900 m, 19 Mar 2016, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2375 - 2389 (CIB); 900 m, 19 Mar 2016, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 894 - 909 (CIB); 895 m, 13 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters TW-2001-08; 895 M, 14 Jan 2001, TW-2001-10A,B (MEXU, XAL). Mun. Rayón, 812 m, 5 Aug 2003, A.P. Vovides et al. 1466 (XAL); 20 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson 1117 (NY); 650 m, 20 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson 565A (MEXU), 565B,C (MEXU, XAL); 993 m, 18. Mar 2016, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2320 - 2334 (CIB); 1,100 m, 30 Jun 1962, F. Medellin L. 1330 (ENCB, MEXU, SLPM); 1,221 m, 6 Apr 2013, H.A. Castillo-Gómez et al. 558 (SLPM); 600 m, 17 Jul 1988, J.A. Pérez de la Rosa & L.M. González-Villarreal 1564 (IBUG); 993 m, 18 Mar 2016, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 811 - 827 (CIB); 24 Apr 2001, S. Avendaño 5282 (MEXU). Mun. Tamasopo, 700 m, 15 Aug 2003, A.P. Vovides et al. 1465 (MEXU, XAL); 2 Jun 1968, F. Medellin L. 27241 (ENCB); 2 Jun 1968, F. Medellin L. s/n (ENCB, IBUG, MEXU, SLPM); 716 m, 18. Mar 2016, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2335 - 2348 (CIB); 716 m, 18 Mar 2016, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 828 - 844 (CIB); 750 m, 11 Sep 1967, J. Rzedowski 24571 (ENCB); 900 m, 24 May 1981, P.A. Fryxell & W.R. Anderson 3586 (NY; US); 856 m, 19 Jan 2013, U. Pineda M. 70 (SLPM) .

Figures

Figure 7. Plants of Ceratozamia in habitat A C. kuesteriana B C. latifolia C C. leptoceras D C. matudae E C. mexicana F C. miqueliana G C. mirandae H C. mixeorum I C. morettii J Epiphytic C. morettii.

Figure 10. Shapes and pubescence of cataphylls and stipules A from left to right: Ceratozamia latifolia, C. delucana, C. morettii at emergence and C. morettii at maturity B cataphylls of C. delucana C stipules of C. morettii D stipules of C. matudae.

Figure 19. Distribution of Ceratozamia species A C. huastecorum B C. kuesteriana C C. latifolia D C. leptoceras.