Heteroborips seriatus ( Blandford, 1894 ) Mandelshtam & Petrov & Smith & Cognato, 2019

Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2019, Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864, The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2), pp. 387-394 : 392-393

Heteroborips seriatus ( Blandford, 1894) , new combination

( Figs. 5–6 , 11–13 )

Xyleborus seriatus Blandford 1894: 111 .

Xyleborus orientalis Eggers 1933: 54 . Mandelshtam 2006: 324.

Xyleborus orientalis aceris Kurentsov 1941: 188 . Kn´ıžek 2011: 249.

Xyleborus orientalis kalopanacis Kurentsov 1941: 187 . Kn´ıžek 2011: 249.

Xyleborus perorientalis Schedl 1957: 85 . Unnecessary replacement name. Kn´ıžek 2011: 249.

Xyleborus septentrionalis Niisima 1909: 162 . Smith et al. 2018: 399.

Xyleborus todo Kôno 1938: 71 . Smith et al. 2018: 399.

Material Examined. Lectotypes of X. seriatus (NHML) and X. septentrionalis ( Smith et al. 2018) and a paratype of X. orientalis (ZMMU) ( Mandelshtam 2006) were examined ( Mandelshtam 2006) as well as the description and illustration of X. todo ( Smith et al. 2018) . Additional non-type specimens examined include 20 from Japan ( NHML, NHMW, NMNH, ZISP, ZMMU), more than 200 from Maritime Territory (Primorskii krai) in Russia ( Mandelshtam 2006; Mandelshtam et al. 2018), and five from Sichuan, China ( NMNH).

Description. Female. Body shiny, 2.3—2.5 mm long. Head and venter black, pronotum and elytra reddish brown, pronotum darker ( Fig. 11 ). Legs and antennae red. Head: Frons slightly convex, with longitudinal smooth elevation, covered by rough punctures displaced below by densely set tubercles; with long, sparse setae, their apices oriented inwards; brush of dense golden setae above epistoma. Surface finely reticulate on upper portion of head as well as interspaces among large frontal punctures. Segment 1 of antennal club corneous, straight on anterior face. Pronotum: Longer than wide, more narrowly convex anteriorly than in H. cryptographus , subconical (type 0; Hulcr et al. 2007). Disc punctate, punctures large, sparse, smaller towards basal and lateral margins; areas near lateral margins rugose. Entire pronotum covered by light red setae, longer in anterior half, setae inclined slightly towards pronotal apex. Protibia: As described for genus, with protibial denticles small, approximately equal to basal width, their bases not raised. Elytra: As wide as pronotum, 1.5 times longer than wide. Two pit mycangia present, parallel to sides of scutellum. Striae punctate, punctures shallow, distinct, imperfectly round. Interstrial punctures fine, sparse on disc, replaced by tubercles on declivity. Declivital interstriae with a row of long, erect, pale setae approximately as long as width of interstria 2. Abdomen: Densely punctate, covered by semirecumbent, long, pale setae, setae shorter on legs.

Distribution. China: Shaanxi (Shensi), Shanxi (Shansi), Sichuan; Russia: Far East (Southern parts of Maritime Territory); Japan, North Korea, South Korea. Introduced to USA (Hoebeke and Rabaglia 2008), currently distributed in Massachusetts, Maine, and Pennsylvania ( Atkinson 2018).

Host Plants. Acer spp. (Aceraceae) , Aesculus turbinata Blume (Sapindaceae) , Alnus spp. (Betulaceae) , Betula spp. (Betulaceae) , Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim. (Betulaceae) , Castanopsis sp. (Fagaceae) , Chamaecyparis spp. (Cupressaceae) , Cleyera japonica Thunb. (Pentaphylacaceae) , Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don ( Cupressaceae ), Fagus crenata Blume (Fagaceae) , Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (Juglandaceae) , Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. (Araliaceae) , Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière (Pinaceae) , Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll. Arg. ( Euphorbiaceae ), Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carr. (Pinaceae) , Pinus spp. (Pinaceae) , Prunus maackii Rupr. (Rosaceae) , Prunus sp. , Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) , Rhus ambigua Lavallée ex Dippel (Anacardiaceae) , Salix sp. , “Shima”, Thuja standishii (Gordon) Carrière (Cupressaceae) , Tilia japonica (Miq.) Simonkai (Malvaceae) , and Tsuga spp. (Pinaceae) .

Biology. Galleries consist of a transverse entrance tunnel, 2—4 cm in length and located in the sapwood and visible after peeling off the bark, and a parental gallery. The parental gallery consists of a primary tunnel that is widened at one extremity and from which secondary tunnels 3—4 cm in length penetrate into the xylem, each with the form of a faintly curved hook. Larvae exhibit communal feeding in the top layer of wood and bark ( Kurentsov 1941).

Taxonomic Notes. This species was referred to as X. orientalis in Russian literature ( Kurentsov 1941; Stark 1952; Krivolutskaya 1996) until its synonymy with X. seriatus ( Mandelshtam 2006) .

Figures

Figs. 2–6. Antennae of Heteroborips species. H. cryptographus: 2) Anterior side, female; 3) Anterior side, male;

Figs. 11–13. Heteroborips seriatus, habitus. 11) Female, dorsal view. Photograph from www.zin.ru\Animalia\Coleoptera, Author – Kirill V. Makarov. Used with permission as indicated on website; 12) Male, dorsal view; 13) Male, lateral view. Photographs in Figs. 12 and 13 by Boris Anokhin (ZISP) (Mandelshtam et al. 2018).