Pentodontini Mulsant, 1842

López-García, Margarita M., Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J. & Amat-García, Germán, 2015, The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution, Zootaxa 4048 (4), pp. 451-492 : 455

Pentodontini Mulsant, 1842

Diagnosis. The species of Pentodontini are dynastines of small to medium size (9 – 32 mm), and the coloration is variable but mostly black or dark brown, rarely light reddish yellow or orange. Under the current concept of the tribe, the members of Pentodontini can be recognized by the following character combination: protibia tridentate (except Bothynus complanus ( Burmeister, 1847) , B. quadridens , and some Tomarus species). The clypeal apex generally has two small, reflexed teeth. The head has two tubercles, a carina, or two small horns. The pronotum has a central tubercle and subapical fovea. The apex of the metatibia varies from nearly truncate to slightly crenulate. Pentodontini can be separated from Oryctini by having the apex of metatibia nearly truncate or slightly crenulate, whereas it is usually strongly dentate in members of the Oryctini . Unlike most members of Dynastinae , sexual dimorphism is slight in pentodontines. In some species, males have the protarsi enlarged and/or the frontal and pronotal tubercles more prominent. In most species, the distinction between male and female is possible only by observing the emarginated last sternite of males.