Anaphes flavipes ( Foerster, 1841 )

Samková, Alena, Janšta, Petr & Huber, John T., 2017, Anaphesflavipes: redescription, neotype designation, and comparison with A. nipponicus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 57 (2), pp. 677-711 : 680-690

Anaphes flavipes ( Foerster, 1841)

( Figs 1–13 )

Gonatocerus flavipes Foerster, 1841: 45 (original description); WALKER (1846): 53 (English translation of original description).

Anaphes flavipes: FOERSTER (1847) : 212 (generic transfer, description); LOEW (1847): 341 (taxonomy); KIRCHNER (1867): 202 (catalogue); DALLA TORRE (1898): 423 (catalogue); SCHMIEDEKNECHT (1909): 499 (catalogue); DEBAUCHE (1948): 160 (redescription); SOYKA (1949): 310 (moved [mistakenly] to Gonatocerus ); THANASSOU- LOPOULOS (1967): 1 (potential host range); ANDERSON (1968): 6037 (distribution, ecology); ANDERSON & PASCHKE (1968): 1 (biology, ecology); BARTON (1968): 3 (mass culture, field release); ANDERSON & PASCHKE (1969): 1316 (biology, superparasitism); STEHR (1969): 1 (biological control); ANDERSON & PASCHKE (1970a): 107 (biology); ANDERSON & PASCHKE (1970b): 821 (dispersal); BAKKENDORF (1970): 154 (taxonomy of A. flavipes sensu Debauche ); BARTON & STEHR (1970): 128 (biology); MOOREHEAD & MALTBY (1970a): 675 (field release); MOOREHEAD & MALTBY (1970b): 1 (mass rearing); BJEGOVIC (1971): 176 (sex ratio, biological control, Yugoslavia [ Serbia]); BURGER et al. (1971): 1253 (laboratory preparation); DYSART (1971): 446 (European distribution, introduction into USA); MALTBY et al. (1971): 693 (establishment in USA); MORRIS & MOOREHEAD (1971): 41 (dispersal in USA: Michigan); ANONYMOUS (1972): 1 (releases in USA); BJEGOVIC (1972): 207 (natural control); BURGER & HOLMES (1972): 1185 (mass production and dispersal); CARL (1972): 179 (host Oulema melanopus ); BARR et al. (1973): 249 (pest control); DYSART et al. (1973): 157 (establishment in USA); MALTBY et al. (1973): 298 (host, mass rearing); MICZULSKI (1973):98 (natural control); PUTTLER et al. (1973): 1304 (diapause); ANONYMOUS (1974): 2 (additional releases in USA); DYADECHKO & RUBAN (1974): 27 (host); GUTIERREZ et al. (1974): 627 (biology, host); HAYNES et al. (1974): 167 (pest management); HELLÉN (1974): 24 (key), 25 (distribution in Finland and Leningradskaya oblast’ of Russia); OLTON & LEGNER (1974): 794 (biology); STEHR et al. (1974): 453 (mention); AESCHLIMANN (1975): 407 (mention); TUMMALA et al. (1975): 175 (natural control); ANONYMOUS (1976a): 414 (host, USA: Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia records); ANONYMOUS (1976b): 369 (host, USA: New Jersey, West Virginia records); ANONYMOUS (1976c): 420 (host, USA: Ohio record); GREATHEAD (1976): 128 (biological control); HAGEN et al. (1976): 398, 746 (biological control); MEYER (1976): 232 ( USA: Indiana record); AESCHLIMANN (1977): 112 (larvae, biology); BOUČEK (1977): 122 ( Yugoslavia [ Serbia, Macedonia?] records); LUTZE (1977): 172 (biological control, percent parasitism); PAVLOV (1977): 151 (percent parasitism, sex ratio, development time); SHEPARD & GALE (1977): 316 (biology, superparasitism); CLAUSEN (1978): 253 (biological control); RYAKHOVSKIY & KRAKHMAL’ (1978): 30–32 (records from Rostovskaya oblast’ and Krasnodarskiy kray, Russia, from O. melanopus [as Lema melanopus ]); TRJAPITZIN (1978): 531 (key); BURKS (1979): 1029 (catalogue); PESCHKEN & JOHNSON (1979): 1061 (host, parasitation); AKERS et al. (1980): 34 (biological control); BURGER (1980): 39 (biological control); BOTTERWEG (1981): 170 (biology); HAYNES & GAGE (1981): 269 (biological control); HINTON (1981): 238 (percent parasitism); PAVLOV (1981): 116, 122 (hosts, Bulgaria record); BATTENFIELD et al. (1982): 291, 292, 295, 296, 299 ( Oulema melanopus bibliography); FEDDE et al. (1982): 382 (list); WEBSTER et al. (1982): 839 (occurrence, parasitation); COLLINS & GRAFIUS (1983): 2 (hosts); LAMPERT et al. (1983): 972, 973, 978 (pest control, parasitism rate); MCPHERSON (1983): 127 (parasitism rate, biological control); STAINES (1984): 435 (parasitism rate); LAMPERT & HAYNES (1985): 74 (parasitism rate); COLLINS & GRAFIUS (1986): 31 (courtship, mating behavior); HUBER (1986): 197 (host list); DAVIDSON & LYON (1987): 178 (biological control); DONEV (1987): 69 (percent of parasitism, sex ratio); HUA (1987): 41 (percent of parasitism, laboratory rearing, hosts); TRJAPITZIN (1987): 964 (key); VIGGIANI & JESU (1988): 1021 (biological control); ELLIS et al. (1989): 43 (absence of parasitism); GŁOGOWSKI (1989): 240 (in moist meadows, Poland); HAESELBARTH (1989): 494, 495 (host, mention); RUBERSON (1989): 190 (biology); BURGESS (1990): 6 (biological control); MIURA (1990): 589 (biology); BAILEY et al. (1991):457 (biological control); PICARD et al. (1991): 173, 174 (citation with comparison); SZABOLCS & HORVÁTH (1991): 166 –169, 172 (biological control, occurrence); HORVÁTH & SZABOLCS (1992): 585, 586, 589 (biological control, Hungary); HUBER (1992): 36, 47, 74 (key, redescription, biological control, list); FURUKAWA et al. (1993): 92 (host); COX (1994): 430 (biological control); MESSING et al. (1994): 976 (host, natural control); SCHÄRER (1994): 21 (parasitism rate, phenology); MORRILL (1995): 93 (biological control); PAGLIANO & NAVONE (1995): 35 ( Italy, check list); MAYHEW (1997): 238 (clutch size); KIDD (1998): no page (biological control); KIDD & CALDWELL (1998): no page (biological control); MILEVOJ (1998): 216 (host, monitoring); BAI & WORTH (2000):1 –4 (biological control); FOURNIER & BOIVIN (2000):59 (biology); BAI et al. (2001): 1 –3 (biological control, distribution); MEINDL et al. (2001): 79 –81, 83–85 (parasitism rate); VAIL et al. (2001): 44 (biological control); GLOGOZA (2002): 2 (natural control); HITCHCOX et al. (2002): 8, 9 (biological control); YOKOYAMA & MILLER (2002): 513 (biological control); BAI et al. (2003): 1 (biological control); KIDD (2003): 9, 10 (biological control); OLSON et al. (2003): 3 (biological control); SANTOLAMAZZA- CARBONE & RIVERA (2003): 370 (biology); BLODGETT et al. (2004): 4 (biological control); CASAGRANDE & KENIS (2004): 123, 133 (biological control); HAYE & KENIS (2004): 404 (biological control); KIMBERLING (2004): 313 (biological control); POPOV et al. (2005): 49 (natural control, monitoring); TRUDGILL (2005): 7 (biology); BAI et al. (2006): 1 (biological control); EVANS et al. (2006): 1968 (biological control, distribution); GODFREY et al. (2006): 4 (biology); HOFFMAN & RAO (2006): 43 (expansion, biological control); JANDREAU (2006): 1 (biological control); SANTOLAMAZZA- CARBONE (2006): 373 (biology); TRAORÉ et al. (2006): 1122 (biology); BROWN & PARK (2007): 2 (biological control); GALLO (2007): 446, 447 (parasitism, host Oulema lichenis ); LESAGE et al. (2007): 288 (biological control); PIKE et al. (2007):1 –4 (survival of insecticides); WABEKE (2007a): 9 (monitoring); WABEKE (2007b): 40 (biological control); JANDREAU (2008): 1, 4 (biological control); JELOKOVÁ & GALLO (2008): 109, 112 (biological control, monitoring); JOHNSON et al. (2008): 2 (biological control); KARREN (2008): 2 (biological control); PEAIRS (2008): 4234 (biological control); PRICOP (2008): 124 (distribution); MILLS (2009): 394 (biological control); HOFFMAN & RAO (2010): 57 (biological control); LAZNIK et al. (2010): 142 (biological control); DOSDALL et al. (2011): 1145 (biological control); PHILIPS et al. (2011): 3 (biological control); BAQUERO (2012): 7, 9, 138 (biological control); PINTUREAU (2012): 34 (European list); ROBERTS & RAO (2012): 6 (biological control); BUCUREAN & MARNEA (2013): 30, 31 (natural control, parasitism rate); KAMRAN et al. (2013): 174 (host); KHER et al. (2013): 234, 487, 497 (biological control); MAKAROVA & POLILOV (2013):714 (brain structure); KHER (2014):23, 26, 27 (biology, biological control); PUTTLER et al. (2014): 34 (mention); TEWKSBURY (2014): 4, 5 (introduction, biology); MAKAROVA et al. (2015): 21, 23 (compound eye, morphology); NORDIJK et al. (2016): 5 (hosts); POLILOV (2016): 407 (internal anatomy); ROBERTS (2016): 878 (release in Washington State, USA).

Anaphes (Anaphes) flavipes: YOSHIMOTO (1990) : 52 (list); VIGGIANI (1994): 474, 480 (male genitalia, key).

Anaphes sp. : STEHR (1969): 1 (biological control).

Patasson valkenburgica (misidentification): BAKKENDORF (1964): 3 [see BAKKENDORF (1970): 153 for correction].

Anaphes lemae Bakkendorf, 1970: 153 (original description); MICZULSKI (1973):98 (natural control); BOUČEK (1977): 122 ( Yugoslavia [ Serbia] record); TRJAPITZIN (1978): 531 (key, record from Voronezhskaya oblast’, Russia); COLLINS & GRAFIUS (1983): 2 (hosts); TRJAPITZIN (1987): 964 (key); VIGGIANI & JESU (1988): 1021 (synonymy under A. flavipes ); HUBER (1992): 48 (synonymy under A. flavipes ).

Anaphes auripes Walker, 1846: 52 (original description); DALLA TORRE (1898): 423 (catalogue); SCHMIEDEKNECHT (1909): 499 (catalogue); KLOET & HINCKS (1945): 304 (British checklist); BOUČEK & GRAHAM (1978):110 (British checklist); GRAHAM (1982): 192, 209 (redescription, lectotype designation); HUBER (1992): 72 (list); THURÓCZY & O’CONNOR (2015): 56 ( Ireland records, lectotype image); DALE- SKEY et al. (2016): 232 (British checklist). New junior subjective synonym.

Mymar auripes: SOYKA (1949) : 310 (list).

Type locality. Anaphes flavipes : ‘ Aachen’ [environs of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany] ; Anaphes auripes : ‘England’ [almost certainly Southgate vicinity]; Anaphes lemae : ‘ Poland, Lublin (city area)’ [= Lublin Voivoideship] .

Type material examined. Gonatocerus flavipes : NEOTYPE: ♀ (here designated to avoid ambiguity about the identity of this species, whose type material is lost) ( Fig. 1 ); on slide labelled as shown ( Fig. 2 ): ‘ Gonatocerus | flavipes | Foerster | ♀ lateral | NEOTYPE || Germany: Aachen | 50.7788°N | 6.0382°E | 3.vi.2011 | P. Janšta | ex Oulema sp. | on barley’ ( NHMW) .

Anaphes auripes : LECTOTYPE: ♀ (designated by GRAHAM (1982): 209, on card and labelled as shown in Fig. 11 ): ‘ Anaphes | auripes | Walker | LECTOTYPE: ♀ | M.de V. GRAHAM | det. 1972 || 9.’ ( NMID) .

Anaphes lemae : HOLOTYPE: ♀ (examined by HUBER 1992: 48) ( ZMUC).

Additional material examined (all in CNC unless otherwise indicated). AUSTRIA: WIEN: Vienna, Obere Lobau Nature, Reserve, 23.v.1996, B. Bartl, ex Oulema melanopus , in organically cultivated winter wheat field (5 ♀♀); No locality, vi.1968, G. E. Moorehead (4 ♀♀ 2 JJ, USNM). CANADA: ONTARIO: Delhi, 25.v.1988, C. Ellis (1 ♀, DEBU). NOVA SCOTIA: lot#95 FRN881-F93 from USDA-Aphis-PPQ, Niles, MI, 18.vi.1998, L. Crozier (5 ♀♀). CZECH REPUBLIC: BOHEMIA: Mečeříž, 50°17′24.07″N, 14°44′09.37″E, 28.v.2009, I. Králová & A. Samková, ex Oulema sp. , wheat field (1 ♀); Praha, 50°8′18.78″N, 14°22′11.00″E, 26.iv.2010 (2 ♀♀), 11.vi.2010 (1 ♀), A. Samková, ex Oulema , barley field; Roudné u Českých Budějovic, 48°56′6″N, 14°29′15″E, 24.v.2010, A. Samková, ex Oulema sp. , barley field (3 ♀♀); Velký Újezd, 49°34′42.92″N, 17°28′59.19″E, 26.v.2011, A. Samková, ex Oulema sp. , wheat field (1♀). FRANCE: Nanterre, 7.vii.1964, G.W.Angalet, 28.v.1965, R. I. Sailer (2 ♀♀, USNM); Tours, 27.vi.1968 (10 ♀♀ 5 JJ, USNM), 16.vi.1970 (4 ♀♀, USNM), L. Dureseau; Sèvres, 2–4. vi.1972, R. Dysart, E. Rivet, ex Oulema melanopus or O. gallaeciana (Heyden, 1870) (2 ♀♀). GERMANY: NORTH RHINE- WESTPHALIA: Aachen, 50.77876°N, 06.03816°E, 3.vi.2011, P. Janšta, A. Samková, ex Oulema spp. (35 ♀♀ 3 JJ); Aachen, 50.77876°N, 06.03816°E, 25.vi.2012, P. Janšta, A. Samková, ex Oulema spp. (7 JJ). ITALY: LAZIO: Rome, 17.v.1965, J. J. Drea (1 ♀, USNM); no locality, no month, 1965–1967, European parasite lab. staff, ex Oulema sp. (6 ♀♀). POLAND: no locality, 17.xii.1969, G. E. Moorehead (23 ♀♀ 11 JJ, USNM). ROMANIA: MURE Ș CO.: Reghin, 30.v.1968, R. Dysart, L. Coles, ex Oulema melanopus (7 ♀♀); no locality, vi.1968, G. E. Moorehead (2 ♀♀ 2 JJ, USNM). UKRAINE and/or RUSSIA: Kiev and/or Krasnodar, 1–3. vii.1970, ex Oulema gallaeciana (5 ♀♀). USA: MICHIGAN: Allegan Co., 29.iv.1968, T. L. Burger (3 ♀♀, USNM); Berrien Co.: Bertrand Township, 3.vii.1975, P. R. DeWitt (2 ♀♀ 2 JJ, USNM); Berrien Co., 1971 (2 ♀♀); Niles, 6.vii.1967, 2.x.1967, 10.vii.1969, 12.vi.1970, H. Maltby, T. L. Burger, F. Wilkinson, G. E. Moorehead (41 ♀♀ 14 JJ, USNM), 1975 (5 ♀♀, USNM), 1977 (11 ♀♀ 7 JJ); Branch Co., 1975 (23 ♀♀, USNM); St. Clair Co., 1975 (15 ♀♀, USNM). MARYLAND: Baltimore Co., 1975 (18 ♀♀, USNM); Washington Co., 25.vii.1975, P. R. DeWitt (2 ♀♀ 2 JJ, USNM), 1975 (14 ♀♀, USNM). NEW YORK: Ontario Co., 1973, ex Oulema melanopus (1 ♀); Ontario Co., 1975 (13 ♀♀, USNM). NORTH CAROLINA: Granville Co., 17.v.1991, D. I. Puttler, ex Oulema melanopus (3 ♀♀); Granville Co., 17.v.1991, B. I. Puttler (4 ♀♀ 1 J); Rowan Co., 16.v.1991 (15 ♀♀ 3 JJ). PENNSYLVANIA: Armstrong Co., 25.vii.1975, P. R. DeWitt (3 ♀♀ 1 J, USNM), 1975 (17 ♀♀, USNM). VIRGINIA: Hanover Co., 14.v.1991, J. Tate, ex Oulema melanopus (3 ♀♀). WEST VIRGINIA: Mason Co., 1975 (19 ♀♀, USNM). SERBIA: Zemun, no month, 1966–1968, P. Bjegovic, ex Oulema sp. (7 ♀♀); no locality, 18.viii.1967, T. L. Burger (12 ♀♀ 3 JJ, USNM); no locality or date, P. Bjegovic (5 ♀♀, USNM).

Diagnosis. Females of Anaphes flavipes are distinguished from those of other Anaphes species by the following combination of features: clava 1-segmented, at least 3.9× as long as wide; fl 2 –fl 6 each with 2 mps; fl 2 at least 2.5× as long as wide; fore wing at least 5.5× as long as wide; metatarsomere 1 equal to or slightly shorter than 2; OI about 1.0.

Description. Neotype female ( Fig. 1 ). Uncleared, mounted laterally with three legs detached, on slide ( Fig. 2 ). Body length 610. Colour. Body and antenna fairly uniform brown; legs except coxae light brown to yellow except metafemur and metatibia darker ( Fig. 1 ). Antenna. Length/ width (ratio) of segments: scape 110/29 (3.79), pedicel 48/26 (1.85), fl 1 28/13 (2.15), fl 2 52/15 (3.47), fl 3 69/22 (3.14), fl 4 71/23 (3.09), fl 5 72/20 (3.60), fl 6 67/23 (2.91), clava 126/27 (4.67); fl 3 –fl 6 each with 2 mps. Total flagellum length 485. Wings. Fore wing length/width (ratio) 707/110 (6.43); longest marginal setae about 140, marginal space length 100, with single line of setae separating marginal space from hind margin ( Fig. 1 ). Hind wing length/width (ratio) 702/33 (21.27), with 10 microtrichia in 1 median row in apical half of wing beyond venation; longest marginal setae about 120. Legs. Metatibia length 246; metatasomere 1 0.96× length of metatarsomere 2. Metasoma. Ovipositor length 250, extending under mesosoma to about level of mesocoxa; OI 1.02.

Variation in non-type specimens. Female ( Figs 4–10 ). Body length (n = 10) excluding ovipositor 409–657. Head width (n = 89, slide-mounted females, 5 from Austria, 5 from Canada, 8 from Czech Republic, 2 from France, 35 from Germany, 6 from Italy, 7 from Romania, 7 from Serbia, 5 from Ukraine and/or Russia and 9 from USA) 201–281. Length/ width of segments: fl 1 20–34/12–18, fl 2 24–72/13–35, fl 3 48–87/16–26, fl 4 52–89/16–28, fl 5 52–87/15–30, fl 6 52–85/17–28, clava 107–151/26–42. Total flagellum length 405–605. Mesosoma. Fore wing length/width 529–821/69–145. Metatibia length 175–310. Metasoma. Ovipositor length 200–309; OI 0.9–1.4.

Male ( Fig. 3 ). Body length 385–665 (n = 50, critical point dried and point- or card-mounted specimens, 30 from North America and 20 from Europe). Similar to female except as follows. Length/width of segments (n = 10, slide-mounted specimens from Germany): head width 185–228, pedicel 37–48/23–33, fl 1+2 58–88/17–22, fl 3 58–82/17–22, fl 4 62–80/17–22, fl 5 62–82/17–22, fl 6 60–82/17–22, fl 7 58–83/17–22, fl 8 57–82/17–23, fl 9 57–80/17–23, fl 10 55–82/18–23, fl 11 63–82/17–22. Total flagellum length 590–815. Fore wing length/width 640–840/85–118, hind wing length/width 590–770/25–33. Metatibia length 200–207. Genitalia shown in Fig. 10. VIGGIANI (1994) measured 7 features of the male genitalia from 20 specimens in each of 4 allopatric populations ( Italy, former Yugoslavia, Poland and Romania) of A. flavipes and found no significant differences among them.

Ratios of all measurements as well as minimum and maximum values for each measured structure of 89 females of A. flavipes from different localities across the distribution and 10 males of A. flavipes from Germany are tabulated (Appendices 1 and 2). Absolute measurements are also plotted as bar graphs (Appendix 3) ; all these measurements are accessible on request from the authors.

Hosts. Lema trilinea White, 1981 ( BURGER & HOLMES 1972, as L. trilineata Olivier, 1808 ), Oulema gallaeciana Heyden, 1870 [= Crioceris obscura Stephens, 1831 and BAKKENDORF 1970, as L. lichenis Voet, 1806 ], Oulema collaris (Say, 1824) , O. melanopus (Linneaus, 1758) , the cereal leaf beetle ( Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae ). Under laboratory conditions Crioceris duodecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chrysomelidae) and Hypera zoilus Scopoli, 1763 (Curculionidae) were also parasitized ( ANDERSON & PASCHKE 1968).

Distribution. Palearctic Region: Austria ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Bulgaria ( PAVLOV 1981, as A. flavipes ), Czech Republic (new record), Finland ( HELLÉN 1974, as A. flavipes ), France ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Germany ( FOERSTER 1841), Hungary ( HORVÁTH & SZABOLCS 1992, as A. flavipes ), Ireland ( THURÓCZY & O’CONNOR 2015, as A. auripes ), Italy ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Macedonia? ( BOUČEK 1977, as A. flavipes ), Poland ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Romania ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Russia ( HELLÉN 1974, as A. flavipes ; RYAKHOVSKIY & KRAKHMAL’ 1978, as A. flavipes ; TRJAPITZIN 1978, as A. lemae ), Serbia ( BOUČEK 1977, as A. flavipes ), United Kingdom (DALE- SKEY et al. 2016, as A. auripes ), Ukraine (new record), Yugoslavia ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ). Nearctic Region: Canada: Ontario ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Nova Scotia (new record), USA: Indiana ( MEYER 1976, as A. flavipes ), Maryland ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Michigan ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), New Jersey ( ANONYMOUS 1976b, as A. flavipes ), New York ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), North Carolina ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Ohio ( ANONYMOUS 1976c, as A. flavipes ), Pennsylvania ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ), Virginia (new record), Washington ( ROBERTS 2016, as A. flavipes ), West Virginia ( HUBER 1992, as A. flavipes ).

Comments. A neotype is designated with the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status of G. flavipes Foerster. The neotype is distinguished from similar species in the speciose (about 240 nominal species) and difficult genus Anaphes by the following combination of features: fl 1 and fl 2 without mps, remaining funicle segments with 2 mps and, except for fl 1, at least 2.5× as long as wide; clava 1-segmented; fore wing 6.4× as long as wide and slightly pointed; and ovipositor length 1.0× metatibia length. Its measurements are given above and it is illustrated in Fig. 1 . Foerster’s collection was partially destroyed ( SOYKA 1949: 310) and JH confirmed this when he was unable to find Foester’s material of G. flavipes during a visit to NHMW. The specimens selected as neotype is from or very near the Foerster’s type locality (Aachen or environs) and fits his brief description and redescription fairly well. It will be deposited in NHMW, where most remaining Foerster specimens are deposited.

The measurements of the lectotype of A. auripes fall well within the range of variation for A. flavipes , e.g., length/width ratio of funicle segments: fl 1 1.5, fl 2 3.2, fl 3 3.4, fl 4 3.6, fl 5 3.1, fl 6 2.8, clava 4.4; wing length/width ratio 6.4; and ovipositor length/metatibia length ratio1.0, so our synonymy is justified.

Figures

Figs 1–2. Anaphes flavipes (Foerster, 1841). 1 – neotype female (uncleared), dorsolateral habitus (fore legs and left hind leg above antennae); 2 – neotype slide. Scale bar: 500 μm.

Figs 3–4. Anaphes flavipes (Foerster, 1841). 3 – male habitus, dorsal view (uncleared, with same collection data as neotype); 4 – female head (anterior) and antennae. Scale bars: 3 – 500 μm; 4 – 100 μm.

Figs 5–6. Anaphes flavipes (Foerster, 1841), female. 5 – fore wings; 6 – mesosoma, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figs 7–8. Anaphes flavipes (Foerster, 1841), female. 7 – body (minus head), lateral view; 8 – metasoma, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figs 9–10. Anaphes flavipes (Foerster, 1841), female. 9 – mesosoma, dorsal view; 10 – metasoma, dorsal view showing genitalia through gaster. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Fig. 11. Anaphes auripes Walker, 1846, lectotype female and lectotype labels. Scale bar: 500 μm.

Figs 12–13. Anaphes auripes Walker, 1846, lectotype female. 12 – wings; 13 – antenna. Scale bars: 500 μm.