Dascillus cervinus ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Terzani, Fabio, Ceccolini, Filippo, Hájek, Jiří & Cianferoni, Fabio, 2017, Taxonomic review of the genus Dascillus Latreille, 1797 in the Western Palaearctic (Coleoptera: Dascillidae), Zootaxa 4282 (2), pp. 255-268 : 257-266

Dascillus cervinus ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Chrysomela cervina Linnaeus 1758: 376 . Type locality: “Europa [=Europe]”.

Ptinus testaceo-villosus De Geer 1774: 235. Type locality: not specified. Synonymy by Paykull (1799: 116).

Cistela ceruina ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Fabricius (1781: 146). Type locality restricted to “Europa boreali [= northern Europe]”. Incorrect subsequent spelling for Cistela cervina .

Cistela cinerea Fabricius 1781: 146 . Type locality: “Italia [= Italy]”. Synonymy by Paykull (1799: 117) sub Atopa cervina var. β Paykull, 1799.

Atopa cervina ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Paykull (1799: 116).

Dascillus cervinus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Latreille (1802: 98).

Atopa elongata Faldermann 1835: 183 . Type locality: “Caucasus”. Syn. nov.

Dascillus sicanus Fairmaire 1861: 582 . Type locality: “Sicile, monts Madonies [= Sicily, Mts. Madonie]”. Syn. nov.

Dascillus parallelus Dohrn 1872: 482 . Type locality: “Vallombrosa, Toscana [= Italy, Tuscany, Vallombrosa]”. Previously synonymised by Pic (1914: 14) sub D. sicanus . Syn. nov.

Dascillus cervinus var. semiobscura [sic!] Pic 1908: 41. Type locality: “Volvic, mont Reculet, col de Forclaz, forêt de Turini, Grande Chartreuse, mont Pilat, Moldavie et Velebit [several localities in France, Switzerland, Croatia and Moldova]”. Synonymy by Winkler (1926: 664).

Dascillus elongatus var. obscuricollis Pic 1908b: 41 “Caucase et Tokat [Caucasus and Turkey, Tokat]”. Previously synonymised by Winkler (1926: 664) sub D. elongatus . Syn. nov.

Dascillus elongatus var. ruficollis Pic 1908b: 41 . Type locality: “Caucase occidental [Western Caucasus]”. Previously synonymised by Winkler (1926: 664) sub D. elongatus . Syn. nov.

Dascillus aprutianus Depoli 1936: 137 , Type locality “Campo Imperatore [Italy, Abruzzo, Campo Imperatore]”. Included under synonyms of D. sicanus by Jin et al. (2013: 577) with doubts; synonymy with D. sicanus formally established by Hájek (2016: 19). Syn. nov.

Type material. Chrysomela cervina Linnaeus, 1758 : LECTOTYPUS (by present designation): [no labels], 1 ♂, CCL (LINN 4935); PARALECTOTYPI: “ cervina // 115”, 1 ♂, CCL (LINN 4933); [no labels], 1 specimen (sex unknown), CCL (LINN 4934). Dascillus parallelus Dohrn, 1872 : LECTOTYPUS (by present designation): “Vallombrosa / 68 // parallelus / Typus / Dohrn / ♂ // 89 // Dascillus / parallelus ♂ / Dohrn typus! / Stett. Zeit. 1872 // Syntipus / Dascillus parallelus / Dohrn, 1872 [red label] // Dascillus / sicanus / Fairm. / (= parallelus Dohrn ) // Museo Civico / di Genova”, 1 ♂ ( Figs 2 k, 4a), MSNG; PARALECTOTYPI: “Vallombrosa / 68 // 211 // 278 // Syntipus / Dascillus parallelus / Dohrn, 1872 [red label] // Museo Civico / di Genova”, 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 -l), MSNG; “Vallombrosa / 68 // Syntipus / Dascillus parallelus / Dohrn, 1872 [red label] // Museo Civico / di Genova”, 1 ♂, MSNG; “Vallombrosa / 68 // ♀ // Syntipus / Dascillus parallelus / Dohrn, 1872 [red label] // Museo Civico / di Genova”, 1 ♀ ( Fig. 4 b), MSNG.

Additional material examined. GREAT BRITAIN: [Hampshire]: Aldworth, 1919, Rothschild leg., 1 ♀, MCZR ; FRANCE: Haute Savoie [ Upper Savoy ]: Les Chepieus, Valleè des Glaciers, Chalet Ref. des Mottets (dintorni), m 2000, 12.VII.2014, L . Pizzocaro leg., 1 ♂, CLP; Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Digne B.A., 1908, Jordan leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus , det. M.A. Ivie, 2000), NHMW ; GERMANY: Dresda [Dresden], K. Hänel leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, MCZR; Thüringen, Jena, 20.VI.1931, 1 ♂, NMPC ; POLAND: Nieder-schleisen, Schweidnitz, 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 a) 1 ♀, CAP; “CENTRAL EUROPE”: Beskiden [ Beskid Mountains ], J .J. Janáček leg., 1 ♀, ex coll. E. Masetti, MZUF; Beskiden [ Beskid Mountains ], [E.] Reitter leg., 1 ♂, MCZR ; Beskiden [ Beskid Mountains ], [E.] Reitter leg., 1 ♂, MSNM ; CZECH REPUBLIC: Bohemia, Volary, col. Kelemen, 1 ♂, NMPC ; Bohemia, Kout na Šumavě, Kraus leg., 1 ♂, NMPC ; Bohemia, Závist, 1 ♂, NMPC ; Bohemia, Karlštejn, Čepelák leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Bohemia, Čelákovice, coll. J. Obenberger, 7 ♀, NMPC ; Bohemia, Čelákovice, L. Heyrovský leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Bohemia, Čelákovice, 8.VI.1908, 1 ♀, NMPC ; Bohemia, Čelákovice, 19.VI.1910, 1 ♂, NMPC ; Bohemia, Žloukovice, 1897, 2 ♂, NMPC ; Bohemia, Károv, 17.VI.1904, J . Černý leg., 1 ♂ 2 ♀, NMPC; Bohemia, Písek , 21.VI.1910, J . Tyl leg., 4 ♂, NMPC; Bohemia, Všenory , 19.VI.1916, J . Pleticha leg., 1 ♂ 3 ♀, NMPC; Bohemia, Šumava Mts. , Jezerní Stěna, 1920, 1 ♂, J. Obenberger leg., NMPC ; Bohemia, Vůznice, 24.VI.1923, 1 ♀, NMPC ; Bohemia, Přimda, VI.1930, 1 ♀, NMPC ; Bohemia, Tanvald, VII.1951, A . Jedlička leg., 3 ♂, NMPC; Bohemia, Krušné hory Mts., Plešivec , 950-1030 m, 23.VII.1970, K . Hůrka leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; Bohemia, Dobřichovice , VI.1979, Z . Černý leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; Bohemia, Hluboká nad Vltavou, Baba , 27.VI.1984, S . Bílý leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Bohemia, Skryje , 3.VI.1986, S . Bílý & J. Jelínek leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Bohemia, Křivoklátsko, Nižbor, 14.VI.1994, 2 ♂, H . Studničková leg., NMPC; Bohemia, Šumava Mts., Železná Ruda env., Špičák , 25.VI.1994, J . Hájek leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; Bohemia, Přebuz env., Chaloupky , 820 m, meadow, 22.VI.2011, P . Kment leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Moravia, Adamov, Fleischer leg., 2 ♂, NMCP; Moravia, Brno env., Střelice, J . Fleischer leg., 2 ♂, NMCP; Moravia, Beskydy Mts. , Bělá, J . Fleischer leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Moravia, Radhošť, J. Fleischer leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; Moravia, Beskydy Mts. , Smrk, VII.1951, 2 ♀, J . Hlisnikowski leg., NMPC; Moravia, Beskydy Mts., Lysá Hora , 10.VI.1954, 1 ♂, J . Hlisnikowski leg., NMPC; SLOVAKIA: Nízké Tatry Mts., Pfeifer leg., 6 ♂ 2 ♀, NMPC ; Nízké Tatry Mts, Demänová, J. Fleischer leg., 3 ♂, NMPC; Malá Fatra Mts., Rosudec [= Rozsutec ], VII.1937, J . Hlisnikowski leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Muráňská planina, 15.VII.1955, J . Mařan leg., 5 ♂, NMPC; Vihorlat, Remetské Hámre , 6.VII.1953, A . Smetana leg., 3 ♂ 2 ♀, NMPC; Remetské Hámre, VII.1969, Žirovnický leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Remetské Hámre, VII.1971, V. Švihla leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; Vihorlat, VII.1975, 1 ♂, NMPC; Strečno, VI.1967, Z. Černý leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Čierny Váh, VII.1967, O. Marek leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Slovenský Kras, 28.VI.-3.VII.1972, J. Pradáč leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; Nízké Tatry Mts., Ohniště , 3.VIII.1984, J . Macek leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Nízké Tatry Mts., Donovaly , VII.1984, S . Bílý leg., 4 ♂, NMPC; Nízké Tatry Mts., Donovaly , 9.VII.1985, S . Bílý leg., 4 ♀, NMPC; Nízké Tatry Mts., Baláže , 11.VII.1985, S . Bílý leg., 2 ♀, NMPC; Magurka , 30.VII.1985, J . Macek leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; Muráň , 6.-12.VII.1987, S . Bílý leg., 5 ♂, NMPC; SWITZERLAND: Graubünden [Grisons], Lenzerheide, 15 ♂, 2 ♀, NHMW ; AUSTRIA: Carinzia [Carinthia]: Dobratschgebiet, 10.VII.1904, [A.] Schatzmayr leg., 1 ♀, MSNM ; Grünau im Almtal, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, NHMW; Stiria [Styria]: tra Mixnitz e Bärenschützklamm, Pernegg a. d. Mur , 8.VII.2001, F. & T . Terzani leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CFT; Stiria [Styria]: Schöcke Alp., Styr. [Styria], [G.] Messa leg., 2 ♂ ( Fig. 2 c), MSNM ; Nied. Oest. [Niederösterreich, Lower Austria], Schneeberg, 1 ♂, CAP ; Niederösterreich [Lower Austria], Herzogenburg, 1 ♀, NHMW ; Oberösterreich [Upper Austria], Umgeb. [surroundings] Graz, 1 ♀, MSNM ; Tirol [Tyrol], Kitzbüel, 1 ♀, NHMW ; Wien [Vienna], 1 ♂, NHMW ; HUNGARY: Dravicza, Hu [Hungary], Zoppa leg., 1 ♂, MSNM ; Budap. [Budapest], 1905, 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 b), MSNM ; ITALY: “ Alpi Italiane ” [Italian Alps], ex coll. [L.] Usslaub, 2 ♂ 1 ♀, MZUF ; M. Cavallo, 2.VII.1924, [A.] Schatzmayr, 2 ♂, MSNM; Valle d’Aosta [Aosta Valley]: Campo Laris, Aosta, m 1400, VII.1946, 2 ♂, CAP; La Thuile, m 1441(AO), VII.1936, E . Moltoni leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Piemonte [Piedmont]: Moncerchio, Valsessera (BI-VC), 7.VII.1968, S . Failla leg., 1 ♀ ( Fig. 1 d), ex coll. S. Failla, MZUF; Parco [Naturale] delle Alpi Marittime , Entracque (CN), 22.VI.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 4 ♂, CMN; Parco [Naturale] delle Alpi Marittime , Fus Carbonaro , m 1000, Entracque (CN), 22.VI.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 4 ♂, MZUF; [Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime] Palanfrè , m 1580, Vernante (CN), 25.VI.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CMN; [Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime] Palanfrè , m 1583, Vernante (CN), 27.VI.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 1 ♀, MZUF; [Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime] Palanfrè , m 1920, Vernante (CN), 27.VI.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 1 ♂, MZUF; [Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime] Palanfrè , m 1580, Vernante (CN), 12.VII.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 1 ♂, MZUF; [Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime] Palanfrè , m 1580, Vernante (CN), 11.VII.2014, M . Norbiato leg., 1 ♀, MZUF; Parco [Naturale] delle Alpi Marittime , Palanfrè , m 1583, Vernante (CN), 23.VII.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 1 ♀, MZUF; Parco [Naturale] delle Alpi Marittime , Palanfrè , m 1680, Vernante (CN), 25.VII.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 1 ♀, MZUF; Parco [Naturale] delle Alpi Marittime , La Perla , m 1640, Limone Piemonte (CN), 15.VII.2014, M . Norbiato & M. Dogliotti leg., 5 ♀, CMN, 5 ♀, MZUF; Crissolo (CN), V.1950, 3 ♀, CFA; Colle Tenda (CN), 29.VI.2005, [G.] Diotti leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Piedicavallo (BI), VI.1931, 2 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ) 2 ♂, CCA; Viozene (CN), VI.1923, Naldi leg., 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; Alta Val Tanaro (CN), Naldi leg., 3 ♀, CCA; A. Maritt. [Alpi Marittime], Nava (CN), Naldi leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CCA; Val Pesio (CN), VIII.1896, Solari leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Balme (TO), 18.VII.1939, 1 ♀, MSNM; Liguria: A. V. [unreadable], VII.1940, Naldi leg., 2 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), CCA ; L. di Giacopiane, m 1010-1043, Borzonasco (GE), 12.VII.1983, F., A., Fl. & T. Terzani leg., 1 ♀, CFT; Sanremo (IM); 22.VI.1952, 1 ♀, ex coll. S. Failla, MZUF; Liguria / Piemonte [Piedmont]: Alpi Marittime, VIII.1992, Bensa leg., 1 ♂, MSNM ; Alpi Liguri: VIII.1960, 1 ♂, CAP; Appennino Ligure, M. Antola, 20.VI.1923, A . Solari leg., 4 ♂, MSNM; Appennino Ligure, M. Antola, 30.VI.1923, A. Solari leg., 7 ♂, MSNM; Appennino Ligure, M. Antola, 27.VI.1937, A. Solari leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; Lombardia [Lombardy]: Alpi Orobie m[?]., Val Brembana, Mte Cadelle (BG), 7.VII.1961, R . Rossi leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Alpi Orobie m., Val Brembana, M. Pegherolo, m 1800 (BG), 18.VI.1961, R . Rossi leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; Valle Brembana, Carona, Lago Sardegnana , m 1800 (BG), 21.VI.1961, V . Rosa leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; Valcava (BG), VII.1951, [C.] Brivio leg., 2 ♂ 2 ♀, MSNM; Alpi Orobie m.,Val Brembana, M. Pegherolo, m 1800 (BG), 7.VII.1961, R. Rossi leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Schilpario (BG), VII.1956, 1 ♀, ex coll. S. Failla, MZUF; Colle San Simone, m 1700-2000 (BG), 6.VII.2005, [F.] Angelini leg., 1 ♂, CFA; Lizzola, m 1300 (BG), 8.VII.2005, G. Angelini leg., 9 ♂ ( Fig. 2 e), CFA; Edolo in Valcamonica (BG), 1 ♂, dono G.B. Adami, MZUF; M.

Resegone (BG/LC), VI.1946, [C.] Brivio leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Esine, m 1100 (BS), VII.1949 G. Loro leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Cremeno, m 850 (CO), 14.VI.1936, L. Ceresa leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Esino L. [Lario] (CO), VI.1951, [C.] Brivio leg., 2♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; M. Generoso (CO), 18.VI.1992, [G.] Diotti leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, CFA; M. Generoso (CO), 15.VI.1994, [G.] Diotti leg., 7 ♀, CFA; Lago Annone, Suello (LC), 20.VI.1961, 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), CAP; Arnoga (SO), 11.7.1923 , V. Ronchetti leg., 7 ♂ 5 ♀, MSNM; Esino L. [Lario] (CO), VI.1951, [C.] Brivio leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Isolaccia (SO), VI.1954, [C.] Brivio leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Chiareggio (SO), 27.VI.1953, R. Rossi leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Isolaccia (SO), VI.1953, [C.] Brivio leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; Trentino-Alto Adige: Funes, Alto Adige (BZ), VII.1951, 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), CAP; Selva [di] Val Gardena (BZ), VII.1927 P . Bensa leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Val Venosta, Solda (BZ) , P. Bensa leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Ven. Trid. [Venezia Tridentina], Sesto , m 1300 (BZ), VII.1953 , R. Marchese leg., 2 ♀, MSNM; Dolomiti d[el]. Sella, Corsara, m 1500 (BZ), 15.VII.1960, R. Rossi, 1 ♀, MSNM; Val Badia, Corvara, Ladinia (BZ), 25.VII.1932, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; Loc. Latzfons, Chiusa (BZ), m 1300-1400, 14- 20.VI.1992, R. Lisa leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, MZUF; Anterivo (BZ), 4.VII.1984, S. Rocchi leg., 1 ♂, MZUF; Sesto di Pusteria, m 1300 (BZ), 10.VII.1971, P. Magrini leg., 1 ♂, CAM; Val di Braies (BZ), 7.VII.1970, P. Magrini leg., 1 ♂, CAM; M.te Corno Bianco, [Passo] Oclini, Nova Ponente (BZ), 11.VII.2006, A. Mascagni leg., 2 ♂, CAM; M.te Corno Bianco, [Passo] Oclini, Nova Ponente (BZ), m 2000, 25.VII.1991, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♂, CAM; 11.VII.2006, A. Mascagni leg., 2 ♂, CAM; Malga Gui, Val Concei, Bezzecca (TN), 19.VII.1998 , R. Lisa leg., 1 ♀, MZUF; tra Molveno e il Rif. La Montanara, m 1350-1600 (TN), 17.VII.1984 , F. Terzani leg., 1 ♀, CFT; tra Malga Andalo (Molveno) e Maso Fortini (S. Lorenzo in Banale ), m 830-1360 (TN), 11.VII,1984 , F. Terzani leg., 1 ♂, CFT; tra Molveno e “ la Genzianella ”, m 820-970 (TN), 6.VII.1984, F., A., Fl., & T . Terzani leg., 1 ♀, CFT; Riva NW del L. di Molveno (TN), 1.VII.1984, F., Fl., & T. Terzani, 1 ♂, CFT; tra Andalo e Valbiole, Molveno (TN), 21.VII.1984, F., A., Fl., & T. Terzani, 1 ♂, CFT; Fiera di Primiero (TN), 27.VI.1981 , S. Rocchi leg., 2 ♂ 2 ♀, MZUF; Cavalese (TN), VII.1955, 1 ♂ ( Fig. 1 a), ex coll. S. Failla, MZUF; Val Genova, m 1000-1300 (TN), 2.VII.1986, F. Angelini leg., 3 ♂, CFA; Val di Calamento , m 1200-1800 (TN), 5.VI.1986 , F. Angelini leg., 2 ♂ 2 ♀, CFA; Sotto Stelvio , m 1950-2500 (BZ) , C. Alzona leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; San Martino di Castrozza (TN), VII.1951 , S. Battoni leg., 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), CAP; Trentino [TN], VIII.1937 , G. Giannini leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Trentino, Centa (TN), VII.1931, 1 ♂, MSNM; Folgaria, m 1300 (TN), 2.VII.1963, [C.] Conci leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Trentino, Lago di Tovel (TN), 4.VIII.1962, C. Conci leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Jul. Alp. [Julian Alps], Nevea (UD), 27.VI.1948, [G.] Springer leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Veronza, Carano, m 1150 (TN), 21.VI.1992, A. Mascagni leg., 3 ♀, CAM; Veronza, Carano, m 1150 (TN), 3.VII.1992, A. Mascagni leg., 2 ♂, CAM; Veronza, Carano, m 1150 (TN), 9.VII.1992, A. Mascagni leg., 2 ♂, CAM; Veronza, Carano, m 1150 (TN), 18.VI.1994, A. Mascagni leg., 2 ♂ 1♀, CAM; Veronza, Carano, m 1150 (TN), 18.VI.1996, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♂, CAM; Pampeago, Tesero, m 1450 (TN), 20.VIII.1976, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♀, CAM; casa Forestale di Val Cadino, Molina di Fiemme , m 1400 (TN), 27.VII.1993, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♀, CAM; Malga Venegia, Tonadico, m 1780 (TN), 19.VII.1995, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♀, CAM; Passo Feudo, Pampeago, Tesero, m 2150 (TN), 18.VII.2002, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♂, CAM; M.te Cornon, Tesero, m 2200 (TN), 23.VII.2008, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♂, CAM; [Rifugio] Fuciade, Soraga, m 1950 (TN), 27.VI.2012, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♂, CAM; tra Malga Bocche e passo Lusia, m 1900, Predazzo (TN), 2.VII.2005, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♂, CAM; Val Cadino, Ponte alle Stue, m 1500 (TN), 10-20.VII.2013, R. Lisa legit, 1 ♂; Veneto: Falcade (BL), VIII.1951, 1 ♂, ex coll. Failla, MZUF ; Falcade (BL), 23.VI.1960, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), CAP; Padola di Cadore (BL), VII.1973, A. Bordoni, 1 ♂, (sub D. sicanus ), MZUF; dint. Ponte di Cència, Borca di Cadore (BL), 20.VII.1991, F. Terzani leg., 1 ♀, CFT; Val d’Óten, m 1050-1400, Calalzo di Cadore (BL), 27.VII.1986 , F. Terzani leg., 1 ♀, CFT; lungo ru de Assola, m 900-1050 (BL), 17.VII.1991, F., A. & Fl. Terzani leg., 1 ♂, CFT; Villanova, Borca di Cadore , m 950 (BL), 16.VII.1991 , F. Terzani leg., 1 ♂, CFT; Val da Rin, m 1050-1250, Auronzo di Cadore (BL), 17.VII.1986 , F. & T. Terzani leg., 1 ♂, CFT; Val Marzon, m 1300-1550, Auronzo di Cadore (BL), 6.VII.1986, F., A., Fl. & T. Terzani, 1 ♂, CFT; prov. di Belluno (BL), dall’Isp. For., 3 ♂ 3 ♀, MZUF; Bosco Cansiglio (BL), 28.VI.1964, C. Mattioli leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Monte Asolone (VI), 18.VI.1997, [G.] Diotti leg., 3 ♂, CFA; Sappada (BL), VII.1952 , C. Alzona leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; Pian del Cansiglio (BL), 1.VII.1952, [I.] Bucciarelli leg.,1 ♂, MSNM; Cansiglio (BL), 21.VI.1963, M. Levrini, 1 ♂, MSNM; Cansiglio (BL), 29.V.1952, [M.] Levrini leg, 1 ♂, MSNM; Falcade (BL), 25.VII.1950, S. Camuffo leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Falcade (BL), VII.1949, [G.] Meggiolaro leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Val Zoldo (BL), 15.VII.1948, P. Etonti leg., 2 ♀, MSNM; Cortina Amp. [d’Ampezzo] (BL), 20.VII.1923 -5, 6 ♂ 2 ♀, MSNM; Cortina [d’Ampezzo] (BL), VII.1954, [M.] Levrini leg., 2 ♂, MSNM; Cortina [d’Ampezzo] (BL), 28.VI.1950, G. Marin leg., 2 ♂ 2 ♀, MSNM; Garés, m 1500, Canale d’Agordo (BL), 2.VIII.1975, A. Mascagni leg., 1 ♀, CAM; M.ti Lessini, Camposilvano (VR), m 1200. 6.VII.1994 , R. Papi leg., 1 ♀, CRP; Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Monte Senio (UD) , H. Franz leg., 1 ♂, NHMW; Raccolana , m 400 (UD), 14.VII.1985 , G. Magnani leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Tarvisio Val Bruna [ Valbruna ] (UD), 27.VI.2000 , R. Papi leg., 7♂ 2 ♀, CRP; Valbruna (UD), 1.VII.1995, [G.] Diotti leg., 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 f) 1 ♀, CFA; Valbruna (UD), VI.1951, C . Alzona leg., 1 ♀; Tarvisio (UD), VII.1951 , C. Alzona leg., 2 ♂ ( Figs 3 a,b) (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; Tarvisio, Valbruna (UD), VI.1951 , C. Alzona leg., 3 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; Riofreddo [UD], VI.1951 , C. Alzona leg., 3 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; Alpi Giulie, Lago Raibl (UD), VII.1951 , C. Alzona leg., 2 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; Carn. [Carnia], Sisin. Unič, [UD], 4.VII.1916, [G.] Springer leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Jul. Alp. [Julian Alps] Nevea Barbor (UD), 21.VI.1950, [G.] Springer leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Jul. Alp. [Julian Alps] Nevea Barbor (UD), 9.VII.1950, [G.] Springer leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Stazione Carnia (UD), 31.V.1956, [G.]Springer leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; M. Musi (UD), 5.VIII.1948, [E.] Busulini Conte leg., 3 ♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; M. Musi (UD), 30.VIII.1951, [E.] Busulini [Conte] leg., 1 ♂ MSNM; P. Tanamea (UD), 27.VII.1951, E. Busulini [Conte] leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Emilia- Romagna: “ Emilia-Romagna ”, 1 ♀, MHNH; L. Scaffaiolo [MO], 28.VII.1901 , A. Fiori leg., 1 ♀, MHNH; Pian del Falco, Sestola (MO), 17.VII.1977 , P. Abbazzi leg., 1 ♂, ex coll. S. Failla, MZUF; Montecreti (MO), 8.VII.1971 , S. Failla leg., 1 ♀, CFT; L. Turchino, m 1600, Pievepelago (MO), 6.VII.1994 , F. Terzani & A. Mascagni leg., 7 ♀, CFT, 2 ♀ CAM; tra il L. Santo e Foce Giovo, m 1500-1600, Pievepelago (MO), 27.VII.1992, F., Fl. & A. Terzani, 1 ♀, CFT; “ le Polle ”, Riolunato , m 1300 (MO), 23.VII.1992, F. & Fl . Terzani leg., 1 ♂, CFT; dint. Giardino Esperia, m 1500, Sestola (MO), 20.VII.1992 , F. Terzani leg., 1 ♂, CFT; M. Cimone, App. Modenese (MO), dal Targioni [A. Targioni-Tozzetti], 3 ♀, MZUF; San Pellegrino (MO), 15.VII.1962 , G. Fiori leg., 1 ♀, MSNG; M. Cimone (MO), VII.1946, 5 ♂, MSNM; Berceto, m 900 (PR), 2.VI.2009, R. Papi leg., 1 ♂; CRP; Toscana [Tuscany]: PNFC [Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park ], dint. Fonte del Coleottero, m 1220 ca., Camaldoli (AR), 2.VII.1993, B. Cecchi, 1 ♂, MZUF ; PNFC [Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park ], prato davanti al Sacro Eremo , m 1100, Camaldoli (AR), 8.VII.1992 , B. Cecchi leg., 1 ♀, MZUF; PNFC [Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park ], lungo fosso del Ponticello , m 850 ca., Camaldoli (AR), 18.VI.1993 , B. Cecchi leg., 1 ♂ ( Fig. 1 b), MZUF; M. Falterona in Casentino (AR), dal Targioni [A. Targioni-Tozzetti], 1 ♂, MZUF; PNFC [Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park ], Monte del Prato Andreaccio , m 980, (pascolo sommitale), S. Godenzo (FI), 17.VII- 13.IX.1996, P. Agnelli, D. Scaravelli , M. Bertozzi leg., 1 ♀, MZUF; Arcidosso (GR), 12-14.VII.1908 , Solari leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Passo del Giogo , m 850-900 (FI), 4.VII.1976 , F. Terzani leg., 2 ♂ ( Fig. 2 g), CFT, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ CAM; Campocecina , m 1250-1350 (MS), 9.VII.1979 , F. & A. Terzani leg., 1 ♀, CFT; Ris. Nat. Orecchiella [ Orecchiella Nature Reserve ], m 1000 (LU), 1.VII.1999 , R. Papi leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀; CRP; Alpi Apuane, Arni , m 1000 (LU), 1.VI. 1999 , R. Papi leg., 1 ♀, CRP; Alpi Apuane, Foce di Mosceta [LU], VII.1929 , A. Andreini leg., 2 ♀, ex coll. A. Andreini, MZUF; L. Lungo, m 1190, Fivizzano (MS), 5.VII.1999 , F. Terzani leg., 1 ♂, CFT; Libro Aperto, App. Pistoiese (PT), dal Targioni [A. Targioni-Tozzetti], 1 ♂, MZUF; Abetone, App. Pistoiese (PT), dono F. Piccioli, 1 ♀, MZUF; Umbria: Castelluccio, L’Inghiottitoio , m 1270 [PG], 26.VI.2011 , S. Rocchi leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, CSR; Umbria, M. Vettore, m 2400 (PG), VII.1915 , P. Bensa leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Polino, Prato Manente presso Colle Bertone (TR), 42°35'N 12°52'E (WGS84), m 1190, 6.VII.2014 , R. Papi & F. Ceccolini leg., 5 ♂ 2♀, CRP, 1 ♂, CFC; Marche: M.ti Sibillini, Forca di Presta (AP), m 1520, 5.VII.2010 , F. Ceccolini leg., 1 ♀, CFC; Umbr. March. [Umbria-Marche Apennines], M.ti Sibillini (AP), VII.1954 , M. Lampieri leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), CFA; Monti Sibillini, Bolognola [MC], VII.1935 , L. Ceresa leg., 1 ♂, MHNH; Umbr. March. [Umbria-Marche Apennines], M.ti Sibillini, Pian Perduto, 1 ♂, CFA; Potenza Picena (MC), 1.IX.1953 , G. Paccamiccio leg., 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), MSNM; Sarnano (MC), 5.VII.1953 , D. Paccamiccio leg., 2 ♂, MSNM; Monti Sibillini, Bolognola [MC], m 1200, 1-20.VII.1935 , L. Ceresa leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Monti Sibillini, Bolognola (MC), m 1200, VII.1935 , L. Ceresa leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; Monti Sibillini, Bolognola (MC) , L. Ceresa leg., 5 ♂ 7 ♀, MSNM; Monti Sibillini, Bolognola (MC), VII.1935 , G. Mariani leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Bocca Trabaria, m 800-1050), Borgo Pace (PU), 11.VII.1989, F. Terzani & S. Rocchi, 1 ♂, CFT; Val di Tazza, Monti Sibillini , VI.1971 , S. Piazzini leg., 1 ♀ ( Fig. 1 e), MZUF; Cima del M. Catria (PU), dal [G.] Cavanna, 3 ♂ 2 ♀, MZUF, 1 ♂ CAM; M.te Catria, m 1600 (PU), 8.VII.2013, R. Papi & F. Ceccolini leg., 2 ♂, CRP; Lazio [Latium]: Filettino [FR], 1 ♂, MZUF ; Colle Viglio (FR), 14.VII.1900, [P.] Luigioni leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), MCZR; Filettino [FR], [m] 1000, 18.VI.1966, G. Ferro leg., 4 ♂, CGF; Filettino [FR], Val d’Inferno, [m] 1200, 1.VII.1963, 2 ♂, CGF; M. Terminillo, m 1700 [RI], VII.1942, [A.] Focarile leg., 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ?), MSNG; M. Terminillo, Piano Rosce, m 1400 (RI), 13.VII.1984, F. Angelini leg., 2 ♂, CFA; M. Terminillo, Vallonina [RI], [m] 1250, 1.VII.1963, F , Tassi leg., 1 ♂, CGF; Mte Festo [VT], 25.VI.1961, [G.] Springer, 2 ♀, MSNM; Abruzzo: “ Abruzzo ” , Fiori leg., 1 ♀, NHMW; “ Abruzzo ” , Fiori leg., 4 ♂, NMPC; Monte Arazzecca, Roccaraso (AQ), 3 ♂, NHMW; P. N. Abruzzo [ National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Valle del Sangro, [AQ], VII.1963, 1 ♂, MZUF ; P. N. Abruzzo [ National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], sotto Colle San Janni (AQ), 8.VII.1963 , A. Martelli leg., 1 ♂, MZUF; Assergi, Gran Sasso (AQ), 9.VII.1990 , R. Lisa leg., 1 ♂, MZUF; Gran Sasso, 1 ♂, NHMW; Gran Sasso , m 1500 (AQ), 15.VII.1996 , R. Papi leg., 1 ♀, CRP; Gran Sasso, Campo Imperatore , m 1500 (AQ), 15.VII.1996 , R. Papi leg., 2 ♂ ( Fig. 2 i) 1 ♀, CRP; Gran Sasso, Campo Imperatore, m 2000 (AQ), 15.VII.1996, R. Papi leg., 3 ♂ ( Fig. 2 h) 2 ♀, CRP; [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Campo Imperatore (AQ), 14.VII.1994, [S.] Ziani leg., 2 ♀, MSNG ; [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise] Gran Sasso, Campo Imperatore m 1800-2100 (AQ), 25-26.VII.2005, [F.] Angelini leg., 17 ♂ 22 ♀, CFA; [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise] Gran Sasso, Campo Imperatore m 1600-1700 (AQ), 4.VII.2000 , F. Angelini leg., 47 ♂ 25 ♀, CFA; [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise] Gran Sasso, Campo Imperatore m 1500 (AQ), 4.V.2000 , F. Angelini leg., 4 ♂, CFA; [ National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise] Gran Sasso, M. Cristo (AQ), m 1500, 4.V.2000 , F. Angelini leg., 23 ♂ 8 ♀, CFA; [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Campo Imperiale [AQ], 10.VII.1907 , A. Fiori leg., 2 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ) 2 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), MSNG; Parco Nazionale [ National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], M. Tranquillo [AQ], 30.VII.1932 , Sant. leg., 1 ♀, MCZR; Parco Nazionale [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Val Fondillo [AQ], 21.VI.1932, [P.] Luigioni leg., 1 ♀, MCZR ; [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Val Fondillo [AQ], 25.VI.1927, [P.] Luigioni leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), MCZR ; Parco Nazionale [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Val Fondillo [AQ], 2 ♂, MCZR ; Parco Nazionale [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Val Fondillo [AQ], 28.VI.1932, [P.] Luigioni leg., 1 ♂, MCZR ; Parco Nazionale [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise], Fonte Puzza [AQ], 2 ♂, MCZR ; [National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise] Pescasseroli (AQ), VII.1981, F. Angelini leg., 1 ♂, CFA; L’Aquila (AQ) , G.L. Cecchi leg., 2 ♂ ( Fig. 3 d) (sub D. sicanus ), CCA; Gran Sasso , Pirazzoli, D .A. Fiori leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; G. [Gran] Sasso, 13.VIII.1887, 1 ♂, MSNM; Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ), m 800, 26.VI.1930, Tasso, Schatzm. [Schatzmayr], [K.] Koch leg., 1 ♂ ( Fig. 3 c), 1 ♀, MSNM; Cerchio (AQ), Leoni leg., 2 ♀, NHMW; Cerchio (AQ) , V.M. Duchon leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Puglia [Apulia]: P. [Poggio] Imperiale [FG], 20.VII.1907 , A. Fiori leg., 2 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), MSNM; Basilicata: “ Basilicata ”, 1 ♂, NHMW ; Pollino, Duglia (PZ), 13.VII.1933, [A.] Schatzm. [Schatzmayr], [K.] Koch, 1 ♀, MSNM; L. Remmo (PZ), m 1525, 19.VII.1985, F. & T. Terzani leg., 1 ♀, CFT, 1 ♀ CAM; Marsico Nuovo (PZ), m 950, 19.VII.1983, F. Angelini legit, 1 ♀, CFA; Valle Malvento , m 1550(PZ), 5.VII.1985, F . Angelini leg., 6 ♂, CFA; Valle Malvento m 1510-1550 (PZ), 5.VII.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Pollino, Piano Ruggio , m 1510-1590 (PZ), 22.VI.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♂, CFA; Pollino, Piano Ruggio , m 1510-1590 (PZ), 8.VII.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 2 ♂, CFA; Pollino, Passo Mauro (PZ), 11.VI.1997 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♂, CFA; Pollino, dint. Lago Duglia , m 1380 (PZ), 18.VI.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Serra di Calvello (PZ), m 1100, 25.VI.1988 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Serra Calvello (PZ), m 1400, VII.2003 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 j), CFA; M. Volturino (PZ), m 1700, 6.VII.1987, F. Angelini leg., 15 ♂, CFA; Cugno Acero , m 1500-1600 (PZ), 16.VI.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 4 ♂, CFA; Calabria: Pollino , m 1800 [CS], 16.VII.1944 , A. Focarile leg., 2 ♂, MSNG; Anticristo , m 1100-1300 (CS), 8.VII.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Sila, Camigliatello, Fossiata , m 1400 (CS), 2.VII.1987 , F. Angelini leg., 2 ♂, CFA; Sila, Silvana Mansio , m 1480 (CS), 3.VII.1987 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CFA; Camigliatello (CS), 20.VII.1976 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♂, CFA; Coppola di Paola , m 1800-1900 (CS), pendici sud e vetta, 8.VII.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 3 ♂, CFA; M.ti Orsomarso, Lungro, Piana Campolongo , m 1340 (CS), 25.VI.1994, F . Angelini leg., 6 ♂ ( Figs 2 m,n), CFA; M.ti Orsomarso, Grisella , Pantanelle , m 500 (CS), 15.VI.1997 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Sant’Agata di Esaro (CS), 24.VI.1994, F. Angelini leg., 1 ♀ ( Fig. 1 f), CFA; Vallone Caballa , m 1350-1450 (CS), 12.VII.1985 , F. Angelini leg., 1 ♀, CFA; Lago Ampollino, Sila (CS), 11.VII.1939 , E. Moltoni leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ) 1 ♀ (sub D. sicanus ), MSNM; Aspromonte, str. Zamaro-Sanatorio , m 1000 (RC), 15.VI.1991 , F. Angelini leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, CFA; Sicilia [Sicily]: “ Sicilia ”, 1 ♂, MHNH ; “ Sicile ”, 1 ♂, MNHN ; “ Sicile ”, 2 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), MHNH ; “ Sicilia ”, Rttr. [Reitter] leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. sicanus ), NHMW ; “ Sicilie ”, 1 ♂, NMPC ; 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 o), dono F. Piccioli, MZUF; Agrigento (AG), 2 ♂ ( Figs 2 p,q, 3e), MZUF ; Madonie, Geraci [Siculo], Cozzo di Raimonda, m 1500 (PA), 21.VI.1995, M. Arnone, 1 ♂ ( Fig. 1 c), MSNG; ITALY / SLOVENIA: Predil P. [ Passo ], VI.1904 , Ill. leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; SLOVENIA: Carniolia, Karnjska Gora, 3 ♂ 4 ♀, NMPC ; Pokljuka, L. Heyrovský leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; Monte Nasos, m 1400, VII.1988, F. Nicoli, 2 ♀; Venezia Giulia, Selva Tarnova, [C.] Alzona leg., 1♂ 2 ♀, CCA ; Tarnov. Wald [ Trnovo Forest Plateau], 17.VII.1910, [G.] Springer leg., 1 ♀, MSNM ; Tarnovan W. [ Trnovo Forest Plateau], Zokve, 6.VIII.1933, [G.] Springer leg., 1 ♀, MSNM ; Tarnovan W. [ Trnovo Forest Plateau], Prodnicja, 9.VII.1933, [G.] Springer leg., 3 ♂, MSNM ; Tlitsch., VI.1904, Ill. leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; Čepovan, 2.VII.1917, 2 ♂, MSNM; Mte. Nevoso, 16.VII.1933, [G.] Springer, 1 ♂, MSNM; [M.] Nevoso, verso la cima, 3.VII.1920, A. Schatzmayr leg., 2 ♂ 1 ♀, MSNM; [M.] Nevoso, 22.VII.1907, A. Schatzmayr leg., 1 ♂, MSNM; CROATIA: Plitvice, 2.VII.1980 , S. Rocchi leg., 2 ♀, MZUF; (Zoll.) Vodize, 24.VI.1934, [G.] Springer leg., 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 d), MSNM; BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: Jugoslavia, Trebinje, Vašíček leg., 2 ♂ 3 ♀, NMPC; Mostar, J. Obenberger leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Mokre Poljane , V. Zoufal leg., 2 ♀, NMPC; “ Herzegovina ”, 1893 , Hawelka leg., 2 ♀, NHMW; Republika Srpska, Gacko, 1900, Sturany leg., 6 ♀, NHMW; Prenj, 1901, Penther leg., 4 ♂ 1 ♀, NHMW; Bosn. Ra.aj, VI.1911, Neuhaus leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; MONTENEGRO: Bar, Rikavac, m 1300, 25.VI-2.VII.1914, Grenze & Penther leg, 11 ♂ 4 ♀, NHMW ; Durmitor, Crno jezero, 1350-1400 m, les [= forest], 15.VII.1974, K. Hůrka leg, 1 ♂, NMPC; Durmitor, Meded, 1900-2160 m, 16.VII.1974, K. Hůrka leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Biogradska Gora NP, 42.896111°N, 19.643611°E, 31.VII.2015, P. Kabátek leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; MACEDONIA: Jugoslavia mer., Jakupica, 12.VI.1937 , A. Matějka leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Jugoslavia mer., Šar pl[anina], Ljuboten , VI.1937 , A. Matějka leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Serbia, Šara pl[anina], Ljubeten, Dr. [C.] Purkyně leg., 3 ♂, NMPC ; Serbia mer., Korab, dr. Komarek leg., 1 ♂, NMPC ; ALBANIA: Prokletija, m 1300-2000, Grenze & Penther leg., 15 ♀, NHMW; GREECE: Pindos, Peristeri [Peristérion], 1 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC ; UKRAINE: [Zakarpattya] , Užhorod, V. Zoufal leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Carpathia [Zakarpattya] , Užok, J. Fleischer leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; [Zakarpattya], Bohdan [ Bogdan ], 10.VII.1930 , R. Wolf leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; [Zakarpattya], Kvasny [ Kvasy ], 16.VII.1933 , R. Wolf leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; ROMANIA: [Maramureş Distr.], Pietrošul, Mt. Rodna [Pietrosul Rodnei] , J. Mařan & K. Táborský leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; [Maramureş Distr.], Mte Pietrosul, Borsa [ Borşa vill. env., Pietrosul Rodnei ] , B. Kouřil leg., 2 ♀, NMPC; BULGARIA: Kresnicko Def. [ile], VII.1932 , J. Mařan & K. Táborský leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Haut Pirin , VII.1932 , J. Mařan & K. Táborský leg., 2 ♂ 3 ♀, NMPC; Pirin, Banderica , 22.VI.1977 , S. Bílý leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Vitoša pl.[anina] [= Vitosha Mts.], Bojana , VII.1935 , K. Táborský leg., 2 ♀, NMPC; Vitoša , 8.-9.VII.1956 , L. Hoberlant leg., 3 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; Rodopy [Rhodopes Mts.], Kostenec , VII.1935 , K. Táborský leg., 6 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; Rodopi, Dobrostan , VI.1964 , J. Jelínek leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Rodopi, G. [Golyam] Perelik [Mt.], 2000 m, 1.VII.1968 , J. Jelínek leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Rila, Musala – Graničár , 2400 m, 12.-13.VII.1956 , L. Hoberlandt leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; Rila Mts. , 3.-8.VII.1990 , J. Ježek leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Rila, Partizanska Polana , 15.VII.1990 , J. Hájek leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; TURKEY: Bolu Prov. , Bolu env., 40°44’N, 31°26’E, 897 m, 19.VI.2006 , S. Kadlec leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Asia minor, Eski-Chahir [= Eskişehir] , B. von Bodemeyer leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Tunceli, Ovacık , m 1400, VI.1976 , F. Schubert leg., 3 ♂, 2 ♀, NHMW; Artvin prov., 5 km W of Çam geçidi, 41°15’N, 42°26’E, 1698 m, 30.VI.2006 , S. Kadlec leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; GEORGIA: [Georgia], Caucasus, Svanetia, dr . Veselý leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Bakoriani [= Bakuriani ], 20.VII.1988 , S. Jákl leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; S of Kutaisi, NW of Zakarskij pass, 2000 m, 25.VI.2014 , M. Snížek leg., 14 ♂, NKME; “CAUCASUS”: “Caucasus”, 1 ♂, NHMW; “ Caucasus ”, 2 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; Cauc., Occid. [Western Caucasus], “regio subalpina” , Starok. leg., 1 ♂, NHMW; Caucasus, Reitter & Leder, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, NMPC; Bezinghi , 12.VII.1908 , V. Ronchetti leg., 3 ♂ ( Fig. 2 r) 1 ♀ (sub D. elongatus ), MSNM; Mamison P. [ Pass ], 1.VII.1908 ; V. Ronchetti leg., 2 ♂ ( Fig. 3 f) (sub D. elongatus ), MSNM; Gebi Gesewzik , 4.VII.1908 , V. Ronchetti leg., 10 ♂ (sub D. elongatus ) ( Fig. 2 s), MSNM; Gebi Gesewzik , 5.VII.1908 , V. Ronchetti leg., 1 ♀ (sub D. elongatus ), MSNM; V. Trviber, 15.VII.1908, V. Ronchetti leg., 1 ♂ (sub D. elongatus ), MSNM; Urusbievo, Kiscina , 20.VII.1910 , V. Ronchetti leg., 1 ♀, MSNM; RUSSIA: Caucasus, Circassia, 2 ♂, NMPC ; [Adyghea], Caucas. occid., Abago, Starck, 2 ♂, NMPC; [Karachay-Cherkessia], Caucasus b., Teberda , VI.1912 , J. Roubal leg., 1 ♀, NMPC; [Karachay-Cherkessia], Gruzia, Kavkaz, Donbaj [probably Dombay ], 1.VIII.1976 , J. Pradáč leg., 2 ♂, NMPC; Karachay-Cherkessia, NW Caucasus, Laba and Zakan rivers confluence, 1600 m, 9.VI.1989, 7 ♂, NMPC ; [Kabardino-Balkaria], Caucasus, Sheldinskiy led. [? glacier], nr. Elbrus, 3000 m, 18.VII.1967 , L. Daněk leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; [Kabardino-Balkaria], Caucasus c., Elbrus , VII.1975 , J. Boháč & P. Werner leg., 1 ♂, NMPC; Caucaso-Ossetia sett. [North Ossetia], Amilischka, 22.VI.1907, 1 ♀ (sub D. elongatus obscuricollis Pic ), MSNM ; Ossetia, Caucaso Centrale [ Central Caucasus ]: Lars, 16.VII.1907, 1 ♀, MSNM ; [Cheliabinsk], Katav, Ural Mts., Urenga Mt. , 1 ♂, NMPC ; ARMENIA: Kotayk Prov., surroundings Arzakan, m 1800, 10.VII.2005 , L. Bartolozzi leg., 1 ♂ ( Fig. 2 t), MZUF; “ SYRIA ”: Syria , 1872 , Haberh leg., 1 ♂, NHMW.

Morphological observations. We have examined altogether 990 Dascillus specimens from most regions of the Western Palaearctic. All characters previously used for alpha-taxonomy of Dascillidae were evaluated, especially: shape of elytra, length of antennomeres, length of legs, density and colouration of body setation, shape of abdominal sternite IX, and shape of male genitalia, see also Jin et al. (2013). We have detected high variability in all mentioned characters both within and between populations, independent of geographic origin.

Colouration of integument and setation was one of the characters frequently used for identification of Dascillus taxa. For example, Fairmaire (1861) wrote that Dascillus sicanus differs from D. cervinus with ashreddish in colour of setation; Pic (1908) described several colour varieties for both D. cervinus and D. elongatus . Our study, however, documented a high individual variability of Dascillus body colouration, which is not constant within the particular populations (cf. Fig. 1 ).

Special attention was paid to the shape of the abdominal sternite IX. Jin et al. (2013) do not detect significant differences between D. cervinus and D. sicanus ; however, they mentioned the differently shaped (posteriorly emarginated) sternite IX (incorrectly stated in the key by Jin et al. 2013: 561 as “tergite IX”) as a diagnostic character for the Caucasian D. elongatus . We have observed individual differences in the shape of sternite IX even within Italian populations, independent of their geographic origin ( Fig. 3 , particularly cf. a–e).

The shape of the aedeagus is a crucial character distinguishing D. cervinus from both D. elongatus and D. sicanus (see Jin et al. 2013). The differences purportedly regard the ventral lobe of the penis: flat and parallel sided in apical third in D. cervinus , while narrowing to apex in D. elongatus and D. sicanus . The apex of the dorsal lobe is indistinctly projecting medially in D. cervinus , contrary to the distinct medial projection in D. elongatus and D. sicanus . We detected a variability that is not constant and not specific for any population in both mentioned characters, showing that there are not significant differences to maintain a taxonomic separation of the three taxa. In addition, even the apex of the ventral lobe and the shape of parameres are highly variable ( Fig. 2 ), regardless of the origin of the populations (cf. Fig. 2 p,q).

As we were not able to observe any constant character suggesting the existence of several species, all individuals are considered to belong to Dascillus cervinus , with its new synonymies established below.

Comments on classification. We studied the type specimens of the Linnean Chrysomela cervina . The species was described from an unknown number of syntypes, three of which are preserved in the collection of the Linnean Society of London. To fix the unambiguous identity of the species, we have designated the lectotype, choosing the only specimen with an already everted aedeagus and thus not requiring dissection.

Pending future research, we have not investigated the 18th -century synonyms, namely Ptinus testaceo-villosus De Geer, 1774 and Cistela cinerea Fabricius, 1781 . Without examining the original type material, it is not possible to verify these names as synonyms only from original descriptions and figures. We simply follow their synonymisation with Dascillus cervinus by Paykull (1799).

Atopa elongata Faldermann, 1835 , was described from Caucasus. We were not able to study the type material of the species. It was found neither in the Zoological Museum of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (M. Volkovitsh, pers. comm.), nor in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (A. Ozerov and A. Gusakov, pers. comm.), nor at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (J. Frisch and B. Jaeger, pers. comm.). We have examined a number of specimens from the Caucasus area, previously identified as Dascillus elongatus (see Material examined), which agree well with the diagnosis of the species provided by Jin et al. (2013), especially the projecting apex of the dorsal lobe of aedeagus, and abdominal sternite IX emarginate posteriorly. However, when compared with extensive material of Dascillus from other areas, all specimens are clearly referable to variability of D. cervinus (see Figs 2 and 3 ). Therefore, we consider Dascillus elongatus ( Faldermann, 1835) as junior subjective synonym of D. cervinus .

Fairmaire (1861) described Dascillus sicanus from Sicily (Italy) as very similar to D. cervinus , from which it differs in the following features: more parallel habitus; longer elytra; shorter legs; pronotum narrower in frontal part, with more sinuous sides and more obtuse posterior angles; shorter second antennomere (especially in the female); pubescence ash-reddish in colour, generally less abundant, forming narrow borders of denser pubescence along the posterior side of the pronotum, the suture, and lateral sides of the elytra; elytra more strongly bordered. The type material of D. sicanus should be in Fairmaire’s collection (MNHN). The material sent to us includes four specimens generically labelled “Sicile” or “Sicilia”, but without a topographical indication of the Madonie mountains (locus typicus of D. sicanus ) and none of them with Fairmaire’s original identification label. Therefore, we do not consider them as syntypes and do not designate the lectotype. Jin et al. (2013) considered as a possible syntype a single specimen, generically labelled with “Sicile”, preserved at the Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Brussels, Belgium). However, even this material does not mention the type locality “mont Madonies” indicated by Fairmaire (1861), so we do not think it is possible to consider even this specimen as a type with any certainty. However, we studied nine specimens (all males) from Sicily, including one from the type locality “Madonie”, comparing their external features with those used in the original description of D. sicanus . In particular, variability has been detected in the shape and length of the elytra, the length of the legs, the shape of the pronotum, the length of the second antennomere, and the density of pubescence and its colour. This variability falls completely within that of the other examined populations originating from throughout the species’ distribution range. Thus, concerning the habitus, no differences allowing a taxonomic separation at any level were detected ( Fig. 1 ). Indeed, Porta (1929) included in his dichotomous key some features of the pronotal shape, which are in contrast with the original description by Fairmaire (1861). Jin et al. (2013) diagnosed D. sicanus based on the ventral lobe of the penis flattened with parallel sides in the apical third, and with the apex of the dorsal lobe distinctly projecting medially. In these characters, we detected a variability that is not constant and not specific for any population. Therefore, we consider Dascillus sicanus Fairmaire, 1861 as a junior subjective synonym of D. cervinus .

Dascillus parallelus Dohrn, 1872 from Tuscany (Italy), was synonymised with D. sicanus by Pic (1914). The species was described based on five specimens, four of which are preserved in the MSNG. We designate the lectotype to fix the unambiguous identity of the species. We did not find differences between D. parallelus and D. cervinus , neither in the habitus ( Fig. 4 ), nor in the aedeagus ( Fig. 2 -l). Therefore we formally establish Dascillus parallelus Dohrn, 1872 as a junior subjective synonym of D. cervinus , in accordance with the fact that D. parallelus was previously treated as synonym of D. sicanus , a species concurrently synonymised with D. cervinus (see above).

Pic (1908) described three colour varieties, Dascillus cervinus var. semiobscura , D. elongatus var. obscuricollis and D. elongatus var. ruficollis . All of them were subsequently treated as infrasubspecific entities (see, e.g., Jakobson 1913; Winkler 1926) and synonymised with D. cervinus and D. elongatus , respectively (cf. Löbl 2006). We did not study those varieties, but simply establish the formal synonymy of the latter two with D. cervinus , following the synonymy of D. elongatus stated above.

Finally, Dascillus aprutianus Depoli, 1936 was described based on a series from “Campo Imperatore” in the Gran Sasso mountains, Abruzzo (Italy). We searched for the type series deposited in Depoli’s collection stored in the Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka (Croatia). The current curator (M. Kirinčić, pers. comm.) found indications that the type series had been lent in the past to an unknown addressee, and were never returned. Thus, the types are not detectable and we had to refer to topotypic material. We have examined 73 males and 52 females from the type locality and paid special attention to study features of the aedeagus ( Fig. 2 h,i)—the diagnostic character mentioned already by Binaghi (1955). However, we found no distinctive differences in the shape of aedaegus between D. aprutianus and D. cervinus , and believe that the observations of Binaghi (1955) are related to the aedeagal variability of D. cervinus . Therefore, we consider Dascillus aprutianus Depoli, 1936 as junior subjective synonym of D. cervinus , in accordance also with the the synonymisation of the species with D. sicanus ( Jin et al. 2013; Hájek 2016), a species here synonymised with D. cervinus .

Distribution. Dascillus cervinus occurs in the whole territory of Europe, from Portugal and Ireland to the Ural mountains in Russia and Caucasus. The distribution in Romania is missing in the Palaearctic catalogue ( Hájek 2016); however, it was published from there, e.g., by Merkl (2008). We provide the first country records from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia.

Moreover, first records are available for the following Italian regions: Aosta Valley, Umbria, Marche, and Apulia (cfr. Luigioni 1929; Porta 1929; Binaghi 1955); first records are listed also for Liguria ( Porta 1929 quoted D. cervinus generically for the Maritime Alps, which extend across Piedmont and Liguria). In Emilia-Romagna, Calabria, and Sicily the species was reported sub D. sicanus ( Luigioni 1929; Porta 1929).

In Asia, D. cervinus is known from Turkey, Armenia and Iran. The record presented here from Syria remains doubtful, as the precise locality is missing and “Syria” in the 19th century also included present-day southern Turkey.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus of Dascillus cervinus: a) Cavalese, Trentino-Alto Adige / Südtirol; b) Camaldoli, Tuscany; c) Madonie, Sicily; d) Moncerchio, Piedmont; e) Monti Sibillini, Marche; f) Sant’Agata di Esaro, Calabria. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 2. Aedeagus of Dascillus cervinus: a) Schweidnitz, Poland; b) Budapest, Hungary; c) Schöcke, Austria; d) Vodize, Croatia; e) Lizzola, Lombardy; f) Valbruna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia; g) Passo del Giogo, Tuscany; h) Campo Imperatore, Abruzzo; i) Campo Imperatore, Abruzzo; j) Serra Calvello, Basilicata; k) Vallombrosa, Tuscany, lectotypus of D. parallelus; l) Vallombrosa, Tuscany, paralectotypus of D. parallelus; m) Monti Orsomarso, Calabria; n) Monti Orsomarso, Calabria; o) Sicily; p) Agrigento, Sicily; q) Agrigento, Sicily; r) Bezinghi, “ Caucasus ”; s) Gebi Gesewzik, “ Caucasus ”; t) Arzakan, Armenia. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Sternite IX of Dascillus cervinus: a) Tarvisio, Friuli-Venezia Giulia; b) Tarvisio, Friuli-Venezia Giulia; c) Assergi, Abruzzo; d) L’Aquila, Abruzzo; e) Agrigento, Sicily; f) Mamison Pass, “ Caucasus ”. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Habitus and labels of the types of Dascillus parallelus: a) Lectotypus; b) Paralectotypus, female. Scale bar = 2 mm.