Cosmiomorpha (Cosmiomorpha) sauteri Bourgoin, 1931

Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Hu, Chun-Lin, 2013, Revision of the subgenus Cosmiomorpha (Cosmiomorpha) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), Zootaxa 3745 (4), pp. 401-434 : 416-417

Cosmiomorpha (Cosmiomorpha) sauteri Bourgoin, 1931

( Figs. 10 , 25–26 , 39–40 , 52–53 , 66–67 , 126–132 , 153, 160 , 167 )

Cosmiomorpha sauteri Bourgoin, 1931: 45 (type locality: “Kosempo ( Formosa)”); Mikšić 1977: 365, plate 6, fig. 2 ♂; Masumoto & Sakai 1988: 116, figs. 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Krajčik, 1998: 19; Sakai & Nagai 1998: 235, plate 60, figs. 672-1– 2 ♂, 672- 3 ♀; Yu et al. 1998: 95, plate 3, figs. 1a–g ♂, 1h–j ♀; Smetana 2006: 301.

Male. TL: 21.5–25.0 mm, TW: 11.0–12.5 mm. Body usually brown or black ( Figs. 126–129 ). Body highly similar to C. decliva but dorsal surface brighter; scales much sparser and smaller; protibia slenderer; the deflexed tooth indistinct ( Figs. 52–53 ); the middle and proximal teeth on outer margin usually reduced or absent ( Figs. 39–40 ). Mesometasternal process long with a constriction in the middle, apex truncated ( Fig. 10 ). Parameres very similar to C. decliva ( Fig. 153 ).

Female. TL: 21.0–21.5 mm, TW: 10.0–10.5 mm. Color similar to male ( Figs. 130–132 ). Clypeus shorter, subrectangular. Mesometasternal process short and oval. Legs shorter, protibia with three large teeth on outer margin.

Variation. In both sexes, there are three general color forms: 1) a single color, e.g., entirely brown, dark orange, reddish brown, black, or some intermediate color ( Figs. 126, 128, 130, 132 ); 2) two or more colors, usually the pronotum is black and the elytra are brown; 3) has two or three markings on pronotum similar to C. decliva ( Fig. 129 ). Scales on dorsal surface vary in size ( Figs. 66–67 ).

Material examined. CHINA: Taiwan: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (QCCC), 27.VII.2005, Mamei, Jianshi, Hsinchu County, alt. 1400 m, Chang-Chin Chen leg.

Distribution. China: Taiwan.

Remarks. This species was originally described by Bourgoin (1931) based on a single female from Taiwan. The holotype (automatically fixed by monotypy) was not found in BMNH. The type locality is “ Formosa, Kosempo ” (now Jiaxian, Kaohsiung), other localities, such as Taoyuan County, Hualien County, and Nantou County were recorded by Masumoto & Sakai (1988) and Yu et al. (1988).

This species is probably the most variable of this subgenus (Sakai & Nagai, 1988; Yu et al. 1988). The third color form mentioned above is very similar to C.decliva , and it is difficult to distinguish between them, unless the specimen’s locality is known, C. sauteri is endemic to Taiwan while C. decliva is distributed in mainland China and northern Vietnam. However, a pair of C. decliva collected from Fuzhou (closest to Taiwan), are interesting ( Figs. 93–95 ). Although the male is of large size, the deflexed tooth ( Fig. 51 ) is short with two tips, just like some individuals of C. sauteri ( Fig. 53 ). The large dark area on the pronotal disc typical of C. decliva from other regions is much more diffuse and nearly absent in these specimens. Furthermore, the scales are much smaller on the dorsal surface in this pair ( Fig. 65 ), the same as in C. sauteri ( Fig. 67 ). Due to these similar characters, it is possible that C. sauteri should be considered a subspecies or merely a synonym of C. decliva . To verify this hypothesis, the holotype of C. sauteri and more specimens need to be examined.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 20. Mesosternal process of male Cosmiomorpha species. 1 – 4. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 1. Holotype; 2 – 4. Paratypes; 5. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 6. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 7. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype; 8 – 9. Cosmiomorpha modesta: 8. (Jiangsu); 9. (Guangxi); 10. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 11 – 20. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 11. (Sichuan); 12. Cosmiomorpha squamulosa (Gansu), lectotype; 13. (Hunan); 14. (Sichuan); 15. (Guangxi); 16. (Fujian); 17. Cosmiomorpha baryi (N. Vietnam), “ allotype ”; 18. (Jiangxi); 19. (Fujian); 20. (Guangxi). Not to the same scale.

FIGURES 21 – 34. Head of Cosmiomorpha species in dorsal and ventral view. 21 – 22. Cosmiomorpha modesta; 23 – 24. Cosmiomorpha decliva; 25 – 26. Cosmiomorpha sauteri; 27 – 28. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species, holotype; 29 – 30. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 31 – 32. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 33 – 34. Cosmiomorpha c heni new species, holotype. Not to the same scale.

FIGURES 35 – 47. Protibia and basitarsus of male Cosmiomorpha species in dorsal view. 35 – 36. Cosmiomorpha modesta: 35. (Jiangsu); 36. (Guangxi); 37 – 38. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 37. (Sichuan); 38. (Guangxi); 39 – 40. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 41 – 43. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 41. Holotype; 42 – 43. Paratypes; 44. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 45 – 46. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species: 45. Holotype; 46. Paratype; 47. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 48 – 60. Protibia and basitarsus of male Cosmiomorpha species in lateral view. 48. Cosmiomorpha modesta (Jiangsu); 49 – 51. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 49. (Sichuan); 50. (Guangxi); 51. (Fujian); 52 – 53. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 54 – 56. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 54. Holotype; 55 – 56. Paratypes; 57. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 58 – 59. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species: 58. Holotype; 59. Paratype; 60. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 61 – 75. Scales on pronotal disc of male Cosmiomorpha species 61 – 62. Cosmiomorpha modesta (Zhejiang); 63 – 65. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 63. (Fujian); 64. (Sichuan); 65. (Fujian); 66 – 67. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 68 – 72. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 68. Holotype; 69 – 72. Paratype; 73. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 74. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 75. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 126 – 132. Cosmiomorpha sauteri Bourgoin, 1931. 126 – 129. Male; 130 – 132. Female.

FIGURES 151 – 164. Parameres of Cosmiomorpha species in dorsal and apical view. 151, 158. Cosmiomorpha modesta; 152, 159. Cosmiomorpha decliva; 153, 160. Cosmiomorpha sauteri; 154, 161. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species, holotype; 155, 162. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 156, 163. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 157, 164. Cosmiomorpha c heni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 165 – 171. Lateral view of Cosmiomorpha species. 165. Cosmiomorpha modesta; 166. Cosmiomorpha decliva; 167. Cosmiomorpha sauteri; 168. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species, holotype; 169. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 170. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 171. Cosmiomorpha c heni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 89 – 96. Cosmiomorpha decliva Janson, 1890. 89 – 96. Male: 89 – 90. (Sichuan); 91. (Shanxi); 92. (Henan); 93. (Fujian); 94 – 96. Female: 94 – 95. (Fujian); 96. (Henan).