Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander, 1958

Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet & Watanabe, Kozo, 2020, Revision of Japanese species of Nipponomyia Alexander, 1924 (Diptera, Pediciidae), ZooKeys 1000, pp. 71-105 : 71

Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander, 1958 Figs 4D , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8

Nipponomyia pentacantha : Alexander, 1958: 293-294, plate 3, figs 14, 17 - original description, wing and male terminalia illustration; Ishida 1958: 39 - distribution; Nakamura 2014: 4 - distribution.

Type material.

Holotype male: Japan, Nagano , Echigo , Mount Amakazari ; alt. 300-600 m; 25-26 Jun. 1955; Baba leg. Paratype male: same location; alt. 300 m; 26 Jun. 1955; Baba leg. Type specimens deposited in National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA; not studied.

Material examined.

Non-types: Japan: [ Honshu ] • 2♂; Aomori , Nishimeya , Shirakami Nature observation garden, Kawaratai ; alt. 255 m; 40°31.13'N, 140°12.89'E; 4 Jul. 2013; leg. D. Kato (pinned, BLKU) • 1♀ ( GenBank # MT874514); same data as previous except 6 Jul. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Aomori, Nishimeya , Okawa Path , Kawaratai ; alt. 300 m; 40°30.04'N, 140°12.24'E; 15 Jul. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♀; Aomori , Hirosaki , Inekari River , Koguriyama ; alt. 170 m; 40°32.19'N, 140°29.22'E; 25 Jul. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Aomori , Towada , Tsutanuma Path , Okuse ; alt. 468 m; 40°35.45'N, 140°57.42'E; 21 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 3♂; Fukushima, Hinoemata , Hiuchigatake ; alt. 1530 m; 36°59.4'N, 139°16.82'E; 16 Jul. 2019; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Niigata, Tokamachi , Matsunoyama-Amamizukoshi , Mt Amamizu ; alt. 920 m; 37°1.47'N, 138°33.77'E; 3 Jul. 2019; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 4♂, 1♀; Niigata, Tokamachi , Matsunoyama , Kyororo ; alt. 310 m; 37°5.97'N, 138°36.98'E; 21 Jul. 2019; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU).

Diagnostic characters.

Yellowish species with 11 dark spots on thorax (7 dark spots in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov., 11-13 dark spots in N. kuwanai ). Wing with transverse dark lines in costal cell. Brown marking extending from R2+3 to crossvein m-m (brown marking extending from R2+3 to maximum to base of M1 in N. kuwanai and N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.). Sternite 2 without black marking at corner of membranous area (with black marking at corner of membranous area in N. kuwanai ), a diffuse line positioned same level as line on sternite 3 ( N. kuwanai without this line, N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov. with any line and dark marking on sternite 2). Gonostylus with 4 or 5 spines (11-14 spines in N. kuwanai ). Aedeagus short, twice as long as wide, rounded (as long as wide in N. kuwanai ). Cercus curved upward (straight in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.). Female genital opening Y-shaped (T-shaped in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.), lateral sclerite 1/3 of length of genital fork (less than 1/5 of length of genital fork in N. kuwanai and less than 1/6-1/7 of length of genital fork in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.), genital fork cross-shaped (spoon-shaped in N. kuwanai , cross-shaped in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov. but lateral branch curved caudally).

Redescription.

Body length: male 9.5-11 mm, female: 12-13 mm.

Wing length: male 9.5-10.5 mm, female 10-11 mm.

Head: Light brown to brown (Fig. 8C ). Palpi brown, 5-segmented, palpomeres 2 to 4 subequal in length, last segment elongated, ca. 1.5 × longer than palpomere 4 in male. Female palpomere 5 almost same length as palpomere 4 or at most 1.3 × longer. Tip of palpomere 5 darker than other part of palpus. Antenna short, just a little longer than head. Scape cylindrical, wider than pedicel, twice as long as pedicel. Flagellum 13-segmented, flagellomeres gradually narrowing apically. Antenna yellow to light brown, scape always darker than pedicel and flagellomeres (Fig. 8C ).

Thorax: In dry specimens general coloration yellow (Fig. 8C ) to fulvous (Fig. 8A, B ); 4 dark spots on presutural area of scutum and 7 spots on postsutural area, sizes of spots variable, especially lateral pair of spots on presutural area (Fig. 8B, C ).

Legs: General coloration yellow, covered with yellowish setae (Fig. 8A ). Femora without apical darkened area, apical part of tibiae brownish, with darker setae. Tarsomeres 1-3 each with narrow brown ring at tip. Tarsomeres 4 and 5 brown. Spurs on tarsomeres (2 in each segment), small but relatively easy to recognize for their darker coloration than setae.

Wing: As in Fig. 4D . Wing with transverse dark lines in costal cell. Crossvein m-m present. Dark band from base of R2+3 extending to crossvein m-m. Dark band along crossveins r-m and m-cu pale.

Abdomen: Abdomen covered with comparatively long pale setae. Tergites 2-6 in both sexes, each with longitudinal narrow black line on lateral side, situated on basal 1/3-1/2 of each tergite in male (Fig. 8A, B ) and 1/2-2/3 of each tergite in females. Sternite 2 with short black line positioned on lateral side in the middle between membranous area and posterior end of sternite 2. Sternites 3-6 with a little, wider than line on tergite (Fig. 8A, B ). Sometimes line on sternite 6 indistinct or absent. Tergites and sternites 7 and 8 slightly darker than previous segments, dark yellow to brown.

Male terminalia: dark yellow to brown, always darkest part of abdomen (Fig. 8A ). Tergite 9 almost straight at posterior margin (Fig. 5A, B ). Gonocoxite without apical lobe 1.7-1.8 × longer than wide and 1.5-1.6 × longer than tergite 9 in lateral view (Fig. 5E, F ). Apical lobe of gonocoxite not separated from gonocoxite, as long as 3/4 of width of gonocoxite, in lateral view (Fig. 5G, H ). Posterior part of gonostylus wide, bearing 4 or 5 strong black spines (Fig. 5A, B, G, H ). Interbase dilated apically, with two pointed parts; interbase with apical part 2.5-3 × as wide as basal part, in dorsal view (Fig. 5A-D ). Shape of interbase in inner lateral view highly variable based on angle, directing postero-dorsally pointed at tip (Fig. 5G, H ). Aedeagus short, twice as long as wide, tip rounded (Fig. 5I, J ).

Female terminalia, ovipositor: General coloration dark yellow. Cercus curved upward (Fig. 6B ). Genital fork cross-shaped, wider in 3/4 of its length (Figs 6D , 7B ). Lateral sclerite of genital plate small and narrow, 1/3 of length of genital fork (Fig. 7B ). Genital opening Y-shaped, sclerotized area before genital fork relatively large, approximately as long as lateral sclerite (Fig. 7B ).

Larva: Unknown.

Pupa: Unknown.

Distribution.

Japan: Honshu Island ( Oosterbroek 2020, Nakamura 2014) (Fig. 9 ).

Flying period.

Middle of June to middle of September.

Figures

Figure 4. Nipponomyia wings A wing venation of N. trispinosa (Alexander) B N. kuwanai (Alexander) from Aomori Prefecture, Honshu C N. kuwanai from Ishikari Mts, Hokkaido D N. pentacantha Alexander E N. okinawensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov. F N. trispinosa (Alexander) G N. yakushimensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov.

Figure 5. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex lateral view. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus, aeg - aedeagal guide, algc - apical lobe of gonocoxite, gc - gonocoxite, gs - gonostylus, ib - interbase, igs - inner part of gonostylus, ogs - outer part of gonostylus, st 9 - sternite 9, tg 9 - tergite 9, vlgc - ventrobasal lobe of gonocoxite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J).

Figure 6. Female terminalia of Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander A dorsal view B lateral view C inner dorsal view of sternite 8 and hypogynial valve D inner ventral view of sternites 9 and 10 and cerci. Abbreviations: cr - cercus, hyp vlv - hypogynial valve, st 9 / gp - sternite 9 / genital plate, st 10 - sternite 10, tg - tergite

Figure 7. Female terminalia of Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander A lateral view B sternite 9 / genital plate and sternite 10, ventral view C genital opening and spermathecae. Abbreviations: gf - genital fork, go - genital opening, ibs - interbase sheath, ls - lateral sclerite, sa - sclerotized area, spt - spermatheca.

Figure 8. Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander A habitus lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view.

Figure 9. Distributions data of Nipponomyia species: for N. pentacantha Alexander white circles designate literature data while red circles are new data obtained in this study; N. gracilis Savchenko (yellow pentagon); N. yakushimensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov. green triangle; N. okinawensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov. blue square.