Phytoliriomyza alpicola Strobl

Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna & Imada, Yume, 2022, Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts, ZooKeys 1133, pp. 1-164 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7A37FE0-DC2A-4ECC-A6A1-0E873C7C7A5A
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D688E02-82AE-5D24-A0A6-2FADBDDB1B2F
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Phytoliriomyza alpicola Strobl
status

Treatment

30. Phytoliriomyza alpicola Strobl

Figs 56 View Figure 56 , 57 View Figure 57

Agromyza alpicola Strobl, 1898: 272.

Liriomyza alpicola Hendel, 1931: 206.

Phytoliriomyza alpicola Spencer, 1971: 162.

Lemurimyza alpicola .Papp, 1984: 306.

Phytoliriomyza alpicola Sasakawa, 2008: 137; Černý et al. 2020: 213.

Material examined.

Japan: On Conocephalum salebrosum : 1♀, Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 5-VI-2016 (as larva), emerged on 22-VI-2016; 1♂, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-VII-2021; 1♀, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 15-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on?-VI-2011; 27♂36♀, Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-V-27-VI-2021.

On Conocephalum orientalis : 5♀, Iwadate, Hachimori, Happo, Yamamoto, Akita Pref., 16-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 2-18-V-2014; 1♀, Futto, Toei, Kitashidara, Aichi Pref., 9-III-2013 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2013; 1♀, Nekata, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 8-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 8-V-2012; 1♀, Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 3-VI-2013; 1♀, Chiisago, Kaminokuni, Hiyama, Hokkaido, 11-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 16-VI-2012.

On Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 1♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 3-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 26-V-2011; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 2-VI-2011; 1♂, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 25-V-2021; 1♀, Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19-V-2011; 1♂1♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 19-VIII-2002 (as larva), emerged on 5-V-2002; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 20-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 2-VI-2011.

Diagnosis.

A medium-sized dark species (wing length 1.7-1.8 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum, yellow scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and dark gray legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with a hypertrophied tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising six or seven long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalum salebrosum , C. orientalis and C. purpureorubrum .

Description.

Adult male.

Head: (Fig. 56A-E View Figure 56 ) Head yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 56C View Figure 56 ). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 56B View Figure 56 ). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow (Fig. 56C View Figure 56 ). Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 56B View Figure 56 ). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.

Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum pruinose, dark gray, sometimes with very narrow terminal yellow band along posterior margin (Fig. 56D View Figure 56 ). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corner narrowly grayish. Subscutellum yellow except brown posterior margin. Mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite dark gray (Fig. 56E View Figure 56 ). Pleuron largely yellow, but notopleuron with narrow brown patch along ventral margin, and venters of propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, and meron dark brown (Fig. 56B View Figure 56 ). Haltere dark gray. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely brown; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 56A View Figure 56 ). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 56D View Figure 56 ). Acrostichal setulae five or six pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 1.8 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 56A View Figure 56 ). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.5-1.6.

Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 56E View Figure 56 ). Genitalia: (Fig. 56G-K View Figure 56 ) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with a long, inward-curved tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six or seven fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part), and with a separate long tubercle-like seta, which is located immediately beyond the dorsal-most tubercle-like seta of the comb and directed to different angle; inner-basal margin with a row of 1-3 small tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 56I View Figure 56 ). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically; with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 56I View Figure 56 ). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite dark with a pair of plate-like arms, dorsal lobe spatula-shaped, with one seta subapically (Fig. 56I View Figure 56 ). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 56G View Figure 56 ). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 56H View Figure 56 ). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 56G View Figure 56 ). Basiphallus with dark broad plate-like sclerite on left side (Fig. 56G View Figure 56 ). Hypophallus broad, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites (Fig. 56G, H View Figure 56 ). Paraphallus membranous, wing-like; paraphalli spread laterally, jointed basally (Fig. 56H View Figure 56 ). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest basally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 56H View Figure 56 ). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; covered by a membrane bearing several pairs of minute oval lateral sclerites; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, pigmented, widening toward truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 56H View Figure 56 ). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with long stalk; sperm pump clear, with dark globular sclerites (Fig. 56I, J View Figure 56 ).

Female (Fig. 56F View Figure 56 ). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 1.7 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 57A-C View Figure 57 ) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 57A View Figure 57 ). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 57C View Figure 57 ). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 57C View Figure 57 ). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 57B View Figure 57 ).

Variation.

The morphology of the tubercle-like seta on the inner-distal margin of the male epandrium varied among localities from a simple seta to a flattened, basally enlarged acute spine. The relative position of a comb of tubercle-like setae and the separate tubercle-like seta neighboring the comb also varied among localities.

Japanese name.

Mihikari-jagoke-hamoguribae.

Host plants.

Conocephalum salebrosum , C. orientalis and C. purpureorubrum ( Conocephalaceae ).

Mine.

Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 57E, F View Figure 57 ).

Biological notes.

The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by Quercus crispula and Fagus crenata , riparian forests dominated by Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Fig. 57D View Figure 57 ), and subalpine coniferous forests dominated by Abies spp. And Picea spp. It is sympatric with P. luna , P. brunofasciata , and P. luteola at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.

Distribution.

Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (Fig. 55 View Figure 55 ).

Remarks.

This species was reported from Scotland by Strobl (1898), and later recorded from Austria ( Spencer 1972) and Taiwan ( Sasakawa 2008). It resembles P. tsukuyomi in having an almost wholly dark scutum and almost wholly yellow scutellum, but is distinguished by the color of the pedicel of the antenna (brown in P. alpicola ; yellow in P. tsukuyomi ) and by the number and arrangement of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium (6 fused in P. alpicola ; 4 hand-like in P. tsukuyomi ). P. alpicola also resembles P. marchantiae , P. lanternaria , P. rebouliae , and P. conocephali in having dark brown scutum and yellow scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the absence of a small medial yellow mark on the posterior margin of the scutum, and by the absence of dark bands at the lateral margins of the yellow scutellum.