Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu, 2003

Chen, Xiang-Sheng & Zhi, Yan, 2023, Taxonomic study of the Eucarpiini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) from China, Zootaxa 5347 (1), pp. 1-100 : 71-72

Genus Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu, 2003

Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu, 2003: 440 ; Löcker et al., 2010: 17 ; Zhang & Chen, 2013b: 42 ; Zhi et al., 2017: 20 .

Type species: Neocarpia maai Tsaur & Hsu, 2003 , by original designation.

Description. Body size. Moderate-sized species. Body strongly compressed laterally.

Head and Thorax. Head slightly narrower than pronotum in dorsal view. Vertex slightly widened to posterior emargination, broader than long and without subapical carina, lateral carinae moderately elevated. Frons with median carina; frontoclypeal suture generally angled or semicircular. Clypeus with well-developed median carina. Rostrum distinctly surpassing hind coxae. Pronotum short with intermediate carinae curved along posterior margins of eyes. Mesonotum tricarinate. Forewing in resting position steeply tectiform, widened towards apex, with rounded apical margin; Sc+R forming a common stem and M emerging separately from basal cell; position of fork Sc+R slightly basal or at the same level as fork CuA 1 +CuA 2; first crossvein MP -CuA 1 at least as long as MP 3+4 from MP fork to this crossvein, crossvein MP 3+4 -CuA 1 almost at same level as crossvein r-m, subapical cell MP 3+4 with upper margin (vein MP 3+4) fine concave, no crossvein between CuA 1 and CuA 2. Apical cells 10–11. Hind tibia lacking lateral spines.

3+4

Male genitalia. Pygofer symmetrical and prolonged with symmetrical lateral lobes in lateral view. Medioventral process thumb-like in lateral view.Anal segment tubular, short and stout. Gonostyli relatively small and symmetrical. Aedeagus slender and endosoma (=flagellum) of aedeagus with spinose processes.

Female genitalia. Ovipositor elongate, orthopteroid and slightly curved upwards; anal segment square or rectangular in dorsal view; tergite IX without wax plate. Gonapophysis VIII slightly sclerotised, blade-like posteriorly. Gonapophysis IX single, blunt and strongly sclerotised, between middle tooth and apex with a row of denticles. Gonoplac slightly sclerotised, with many spinules on ventral edge in inner lateral view. Posterior vagina with sclerites.

Distribution. Sino-Japanese, Oriental and Australian regions.

Remarks. According to the original description of Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu, 2003 and figure of the type species N. maai , in particular the feature of the forewing venation namely “transverse veinlet M 3+4 -Cu la (MP 3+4 -CuA 1) much longer than vein M 3+4 (MP 3+4) from M (MP) fork to this veinlet, subapical cells M 3+4 (MP 3+4) with upper margin (vein M 3+4) weakly concave, no transverse vein between Cu l and Cu 2 ” and relative position of crossveins MP 3+4 -CuA 1 and r-m, it is highly likely that Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu is a synonym of Eucarpia Walker. However , since we have not seen the type specimen, in this study we do not formally synonymise the two genera until the types become available for study.

Key to species of Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu of the world

1. Ventral margin of periandrium without spinose process....................................................... 2

- Ventral margin of periandrium with one or two spinose process(es).............................................. 6

2. Right side of periandrium with two spinose processes apically.................................................. 3

- Right side of periandrium with one spinose process apically................................................... 4

3. Right side of periandrium with a transverse triangular laminal process basally and left side with a spinose process ( Fig. 66H, I )................................................................................... N. trispina sp. nov.

- Right side of periandrium without laminal process basally and left side without spinose process ( Fig. 55H, I )............................................................................................... N. brevispina sp. nov.

4. Dorsal margin of periandrium with one process ( Emeljanov and Hayashi, 2007: Figs 23 , 24 )................................................................................................ N. okinawana Emeljanov & Hayashi

- Dorsal margin of periandrium without process.............................................................. 5

5. Right side of endosoma (=flagellum) with a long spinose process basally, left base of periandrium with a spinose process ( Fig. 63H–K )........................................................................... N. reversa Zhi & Chen

- Right side of endosoma without process basally, left base of periandrium with a triangular laminal process ( Fig. 60H–K )...................................................................................... N. longispina sp. nov.

6. Ventral margin of periandrium with one small triangular process at basal 1/3...................................... 7

- Ventral margin of periandrium without triangular process at base, while with one or two process(es) near or at apex....... 8

7. Left side of periandrium with a process near apex, dorsal margin with a shovel-shaped process, right side without process in the middle, base of process near apex of endosoma with two denticulations ( Fig. 52J–M ); forewing without stripe......................................................................................... N. bidentata Zhang & Chen

- Left side of periandrium without process, dorsal margin without process, right side with a short acute process in the middle, base of process near apex of endosoma without denticulation ( Fig. 49H–K ); forewing with yellow stripes along the Y-veins................................................................................... N. acutata Zhi & Chen

8. Endosoma with a prominent long process in the middle ( Löcker et al., 2010: Fig. 17A )............ N. rhizophorae Löcker

- Endosoma without process in the middle................................................................... 9

9. Dorsal margin of periandrium with a hook-shaped process, ventral margin of periandrium with one spinose process, endosoma with smooth apical margin ( Fig. 57J–M ).............................................. N. hamata Zhang & Chen

- Dorsal margin of periandrium without process, ventral margin of periandrium with two spinose processes, endosoma with sinuate apical margin ( Fig. 61E, F )...................................................... N. maai Tsaur & Hsu

Figures

FIGURE 17. Dilacreon (Eluzalmon) erectus sp. nov., male. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F. Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Gonostyli, inner lateral view; H. Aedeagus, right side; I. Aedeagus, left side; J. Aedeagus, dorsal view; K. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–K); 1.0 mm (C).

FIGURE 23. Dilacreon (Eluzalmon) lobatus Zhang & Chen, 2013, male. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F. Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Anal segment, caudal view; H. Gonostyli, lateral view; I. Connective, dorsocephalic view; J. Aedeagus, right side; K. Aedeagus, left side; L. Aedeagus, dorsal view; M. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–M); 1.0 mm (C). (After Zhang and Chen, 2013a).

FIGURE 24. Dilacreon (Eluzalmon) parapentagonus sp. nov., male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Head and thorax, dorsal view; D. Face, ventral view; E. Head, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 49. Neocarpia acutata Zhi & Chen, 2017, male.A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F.Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Gonostyli, inner lateral view; H. Aedeagus, right side; I. Aedeagus, left side; J. Aedeagus, dorsal view; K. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–K); 1.0 mm (C). (After Zhi et al., 2017).

FIGURE 52. Neocarpia bidentata Zhang & Chen, 2013, male. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F. Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Anal segment, caudal view; H. Gonostyli, lateral view; I. Connective, dorsocephalic view; J. Aedeagus, right side; K. Aedeagus, left side; L. Aedeagus, dorsal view; M. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–M); 1.0 mm (C). (After Zhang and Chen, 2013b).

FIGURE 55. Neocarpia brevispina sp. nov., male. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F. Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Gonostyli, inner lateral view; H. Aedeagus, right side; I. Aedeagus, left side; J. Aedeagus, dorsal view; K. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–K); 1.0 mm (C).

FIGURE 57. Neocarpia hamata Zhang & Chen, 2013, male. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F. Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Anal segment, caudal view; H. Gonostyli, lateral view; I. Connective, dorsocephalic view; J. Aedeagus, right side; K. Aedeagus, left side; L. Aedeagus, dorsal view; M. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–M); 1.0 mm (C). (After Zhang and Chen, 2013b).

FIGURE 60. Neocarpia longispina sp. nov., male. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F. Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Gonostyli, inner lateral view; H. Aedeagus, right side; I. Aedeagus, left side; J. Aedeagus, dorsal view; K. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–K); 1.0 mm (C).

FIGURE 61. Neocarpia maai Tsaur & Hsu, 2003, A–F. male.A. Forewing; B. Genitalia, lateral view; C. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; D. Anal segment, dorsal view; E. Aedeagus, left side; F. Aedeagus, dorsal view. G–H. female. G. Anal segment, dorsal view; H. Tergite IX, caudal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B–F, H); 0.2 mm (G). (After Tsaur and Hsu, 2003).

FIGURE 63. Neocarpia reversa Zhi & Chen, 2017, male.A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F.Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Gonostyli, inner lateral view; H. Aedeagus, right side; I. Aedeagus, left side; J. Aedeagus, dorsal view; K. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–K); 1.0 mm (C). (After Zhi et al., 2017).

FIGURE 66. Neocarpia trispina sp. nov., male. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, ventral view; C. Forewing; D. Genitalia, lateral view; E. Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; F. Anal segment, dorsal view; G. Gonostyli, inner lateral view; H. Aedeagus, right side; I. Aedeagus, left side; J. Aedeagus, dorsal view; K. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–K); 1.0 mm (C).