Taiwanoshaira tsoui, Lee & Beenen, 2020

Lee, Chi-Feng & Beenen, Ron, 2020, Taiwanoshaira Lee & Beenen, a new genus and first record of moss-inhabiting Galerucinae sensu stricto (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Taiwan, ZooKeys 944, pp. 129-146 : 129

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.53099
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F00B2CAF-5D95-48F5-9C58-0DD95AAC9B8B
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B744065-FF3A-41D4-ADD4-9952A41D0D7F
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B744065-FF3A-41D4-ADD4-9952A41D0D7F
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Taiwanoshaira tsoui
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. Figures 6D-F View Figure 6 , 8 View Figure 8

Types

(N = 54). Holotype ♂ (TARI): Taiwan. Nantou: Hsiaofengkou (小風口), 9.VIII.2012, leg. C.-F. Lee. Paratypes. 14♂♂, 21♀♀ (12♂♂, 19♀♀TARI; 2♂♂, 2♀♀: RBCN), same data as holotype; 7♂♂, 6♀♀ (TARI), same but with "leg. T.-H. Lee"; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 29.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♀ (NMNS), same locality, 23.VI.-24.VIII.2009, leg. W. T. Yang & K. W. Huang; 1♂, 3♀♀ (NMNS), same locality, 24.VIII.-24.IX.2009, leg. W. T. Yang & K. W. Huang; Ilan: 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), Taipingshan (太平山), 5.VIII.2015, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 1♀ (TARI), Yuanyanghu (鴛鴦湖), 19.VIII.2010, leg. S.-S. Li; Nantou: 1♀ (TARI), Meifeng (梅峰), 11.VI.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 29.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 9♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), 3.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; Taichung: 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (TARI), Tahsuehshan (大雪山), 2.VIII.2019, leg. B.-X. Guo.

Description.

Length 4.1-4.8 mm, width 2.5-2.9 mm. General color dark brown or blackish-brown (Fig. 6D-F View Figure 6 ); each antennomere basally paler; margins of pronotum and elytra, including suture yellowish-brown; legs yellowish-brown but apices of femora and bases of tibiae dark brown. Antennae (Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ) filiform in males, ratio of lengths of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7; ratios of lengths to widths from antennomeres I to XI 3.3: 2.2: 2.3: 2.2: 2.5: 2.7: 3.1: 2.8: 2.8: 2.7: 3.2; similar in females, ratio of lengths of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ) 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7; ratios of lengths to widths from antennomeres I to XI 3.2: 2.1: 2.0: 2.4: 2.5: 2.7: 2.6: 2.4: 2.4: 2.4: 2.7. Pronotum 1.63-1.68 times wider than long; lateral margins moderately rounded; disc with fine punctures bearing tiny setae. Procoxal cavities widely open. Elytra 1.17-1.26 times longer than wide; disc with sparse, confused, fine punctures; apices tapering in males, but widely rounded in females. Protarsomeres I not sexually dimorphic. Penis (Fig. 8C, D View Figure 8 ) wide, about 5.6 times longer than wide; parallel sided and moderately curved in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded, base with shallow median notch; tectum broad from apical 1/6 to middle, apex truncate; ventral surface with large opening. Endophallic spiculae complex with median endophallic spiculae extremely slender, apically curved in lateral view; with one pair of small sclerites near base. Gonocoxae (Fig. 8M, N View Figure 8 ) short; apex of each gonocoxa widely rounded, with eight to 11 long setae along apical margin, basally narrowed. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 8O, P View Figure 8 ) short and well sclerotized, with several short setae along apical margin, spiculum short. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 8Q View Figure 8 ) swollen; pump slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct short.

Variation.

Specimens from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) have paler bodies and shorter antenna than others. The endophallic spiculae complexes are variable among localities: subbases of endophallic spiculae are shorter and wider in specimens from Meifeng (梅峰) (Fig. 8E, F View Figure 8 ); similar to those from Meifeng but with a median membranous area and straight apex in specimens from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) (Fig. 8G, H View Figure 8 ); similar to those in Peitungyangshan, but with bifurcate apices in specimens from Tahsuehshan (大雪山) (Fig. 8I, J View Figure 8 ); specimens from Taipingshan (太平山) (Fig. 8K, L View Figure 8 ) possess more slender median endophallic spiculae than those from Hsiaofengkou and shorter more truncate apices. Females from Hsiaofengkou have gradually narrowed bases of the gonocoxae (Fig. 8M View Figure 8 ) that differ from those with strongly narrowed bases in others (Fig. 8N View Figure 8 ). Females from Taipingshan have narrower apices of abdominal ventrites VIII (Fig. 8P View Figure 8 ) than others (Fig. 8O View Figure 8 ). It raises the question whether such variations of endophallic spiculae complexes at different localities indicate interspecific differentiation since endophallic sclerites are usually very consistent within a species. The problem needs further study by collecting more material from additional localities and combined with molecular study.

Diagnosis.

Adults of T. tsoui sp. nov. are similar to those of T. chujoi (Kimoto) comb. nov. in sharing the following characters: elytra smooth and lacking longitudinal ridges (Figs 3A, C, D, F View Figure 3 ; 6D, F View Figure 6 ) (presence of the longitudinal ridges on elytra (Fig. 6A, C View Figure 6 ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), widely open procoxal cavities (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ) (almost closed procoxal cavities (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), yellowish-brown legs with dark apices of femora and bases of tibiae (Figs 3 View Figure 3 , 6D-F View Figure 6 ) (entirely black legs (Fig. 6A-C View Figure 6 ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), uniform protarsi I in both sexes (sexually dimorphic protarsi I in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), tapering elytra apices only in males (Figs 3 View Figure 3 , 6D-F View Figure 6 ) (tapering elytral apices of both sexes (Fig. 6A-C View Figure 6 ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.). Adults of T. tsoui sp. nov. differ from those of T. chujoi comb. nov. by possessing yellowish-brown sutures and margins with black or blackish-brown elytra having punctures more sparse (Fig. 6D, F View Figure 6 ), in contrast to black or blackish elytra (Fig. 3A, C View Figure 3 ) with denser punctures in T. chujoi comb. nov. In addition, most genitalic characters of this species are diagnostic, including moderately curved penis (Fig. 8C, D View Figure 8 ) (slightly curved (Fig. 4C, D View Figure 4 ) in T. chujoi comb. nov.), narrower base of gonocoxae (Fig. 8M, N View Figure 8 ) (wider base of gonocoxae (Fig. 4E, F View Figure 4 ) in T. chujoi comb. nov.), and shorter spermathecal pump (Fig. 8Q View Figure 8 ) (much longer pump (Fig. 4H View Figure 4 ) in T. chujoi comb. nov.).

Food plants.

Probably some species of moss, currently unknown (Fig. 1E, F View Figure 1 ).

Etymology.

This new species is dedicated to Mei-Hua Tsou, a member of TCRT and the first to collect this new species.

Distribution.

Northern and central Taiwan (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ). It is sympatric with T. taipingshanensis sp. nov. at Yuanyanahu (鴛鴦湖) and Taipingshan (太平山), and with T. chujoi comb. nov. at Meifeng (梅峰).