Ptychoderes mixtus Jekel, 1855

Mermudes, José Ricardo M. & Napp, Dilma Solange, 2006, Revision and cladistic analysis of the genus: Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae, Ptychoderini), Zootaxa 1182 (1), pp. 1-130 : 44-50

Ptychoderes mixtus Jekel, 1855

Figs. 71 , 85, 99 , 113 , 130–133 , 185–188 , 199, 201 , 219 , 232, 236 , 266

Ptychoderes mixtus Jekel, 1855: 57 ; Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2722 (cat.); Bovie, 1906: 220

(cat.); Jordan, 1906: 303, t. 10, fig. 3; Wolfrum, 1929: 6 (cat.); Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.). Ptychoderes mixta [sic]; Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.).

Male. Vestiture ( Fig. 219 ): pale dorsal vitta with dense whitish to clay­whitish scales, intermingled with brownish scales, decumbent and distinctly denser on rostrum, head, elytral interstriae 1, 2 and 4, apical declivity and epipleura. Pygidium with predominance of brown scales. Ventral surface and legs with appressed, dense yellowish­white scales; metasternum and ventrites medially densely pilose; sides of prosternum, below lateral carina, with a dark vitta of blackish­brown scales narrowed posteriorly towards lateral carina and narrowly divided by whitish scales runnin along pleural suture. Sides of mesosternum with a narrow glabrous vitta. Mesepimera, episterna, sides of metasternum and ventrites with coarse setigerous punctures, each provided with a brownish scale. Outer surface of meso­ and metafemora with a strip of blackish­brown scales.

Rostrum 1.3–1.8 times as long as wide across base; apical notch deep, narrow. Distance between scrobe and eyes as long as maximum width of eye. Sides barely swollen, with two straight, thickened carinae; near the basal margin of scrobe either with coarse, confluent punctures or with an impressed area, carinae vanishing. Scrobes careniform at dorsal and basal margins; extension vanishing with a deep distal pit. Mentum with sparse, moderately coarse punctures; groove of apical margin vestigial. Gula with sparse, fine punctures. Frons with prominent carinae.

Antennae ( Fig. 219 ) from short, reaching elytral basal third, to slightly longer than body, exceeding elytral apices by club length; segments II–VII increasing in length; VIII–IX decreasing; X one third shorter than XI (II = 0.4–1.2; III = 0.6–2.2; IV = 0.6–2.8; V = 0.6–3.2; VI = 0.5–3.5; VII = 0.5–3.7; VIII = 0.4–3.3; IX = 0.6–2.8; X = 0.3–0.8; XI = 0.5–1.2).

Prothorax ( Fig. 219 ) as long as or longer than wide; sides converging anteriorly from antebasal carina. Pronotal depression deep with a rounded, weakly prominent, median tubercle not reaching margins of depression. Pronotum transversely rugose throughout, more so on disk and at sides. Antebasal carina narrowly interrupted at middle (subequal to width of carina), oblique towards lateral carina. Lateral carina strongly sinuous. Secondary carina widely interrupted at middle, almost reaching lateral carina. Laterobasal carina reaching posterior margin of prothorax. Disk of prosternum raised, with irregularly dense, deep, coarse punctures; antecoxal furrow deep, straight, narrow and entire. Mesosternum with sparse, shallow, moderately coarse punctures, and a deep, irregularly transverse impression coarsely punctate at sides near intercoxal process. Intercoxal process of mesosternum feebly impressed at apex, not swollen at lateral and apical margins, without lateroapical projections. Elytra 2.1 times as long as wide across humeri, weakly depressed at basal half; interstria 1 raised for the entire length, continuing with apical margin; basal gibbosities weakly prominent; surface rugose from base to behind middle, more so at base and near suture. Sides subparallel, convergent at apical 1/4. Anteapical tubercles ( Fig. 232 ) rounded, from developed to weakly prominent, formed by the swollen interstriae 3–9. Wings without radial cell.

Abdomen. Ventrite I ( Fig. 236 ) clothed with dense, erect, yellow pilosity, setiferous sex patch slightly developed, suboval, closer to apical margin; intercoxal process deeply grooved. Ventrite V feebly emarginate at apex. Pygidium feebly subconvex, with a short groove to fit elytra, apical margin truncated.

Terminalia. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 71 ) slightly wider than long, subparallel at sides, almost rounded at apical margin; sternite VIII ( Fig. 85 ) convergent at sides, apical margin emarginate forming large lobes, apodeme triangular, pigmented. Apodeme of sternite IX ( Fig. 99 ) 3.6 times as long as arms. Tegmen ( Fig. 113 ) rounded at apex. Aedeagus ( Figs. 130–133 ) with arc between apodemes; tectum ( Fig. 130, 131 ) straight at proximal margin, acuminate apically from base; pedon ( Figs. 130, 132 ) with body slightly curved and thickened, apex subacuminate; apodemes oblique at proximal third. Internal sac ( Fig. 130 ) almost as long as aedeagus, almost entirely spiculated, more so at middle; median sclerites strongly sclerotised ( Fig. 133 ).

Female. Rostrum slightly shorter, at least 1.2 times as long as wide across base, not swollen at sides; extension of scrobe shallow. Antennae shorter, reaching the middle of prothorax; segments II–VII subequal in length, VIII and X shortest; club thickened, segments IX and XI distinctly longer than preceding (II = 0.3–0.6; III = 0.3–0.5; IV = 0.3–0.6; V = 0.2–0.4; VI = 0.2–0.4; VII = 0.2–0.4; VIII = 0.2–0.3; IX = 0.4–0.6; X = 0.2–0.3; XI = 0.4–0.5). Elytra slightly shorter and convex. Ventrite V with apical margin truncate. Terminalia ( Figs. 185–188 ). Tergite VIII ( Fig. 185 ) slightly longer than wide, sides divergent from anterior margin to middle, then convergent towards truncate apical margin; sternite VIII ( Fig. 186 ) slightly shorter than apodeme, truncate at apex; ovipositor ( Figs. 187, 188 ) with four teeth: two distal, conchoidal, developed and subequal, one proximal, dorsolateral, moderately developed, and one small proximal ventrolateral; median rods stout and rounded at proximal margin; median ventral lobe bilobated; bursa copulatrix with ventral lobe.

Measurements, in mm, male/female, respectively. CT = 9.8–18.5/9.0–18.3; CR = 1.3–3.4/1.2–2.2; LAR = 1.2–2.1/1.2–2.0; LBR = 1.0–1.8/0.9–1.7; LC = 1.6–2.8/0.8–1.3; DEO = 0.6–3.0/0.5–0.8; MLO = 0.8–3.0/0.8–1.3; CP = 2.5–5.0/2.3–4.3; LP = 2.5–4.7/ 2.3–4.2; CE = 6.3–12.5/5.8–11.3; LE = 3.0–5.8/4.5–5.2.

Type material

Syntypes, 1 male and 2 females ( MNHN) examined : 1 male [Coll. Chevr.]; 1 female [ Brésil 37, Chevr.]; 1 female [Chevr.]. The specimens have no individual labels, there is, however, a unique label at the bottom of the box, written: “Mixtus Jek., Ins. Saunders., Brazil, Cayen.” Type locality: Jekel (1855) studied specimens from Cayenne ( French Guiana) and Rio Negro ( Brazil) but did not mention the number of specimens .

Remarks

Three synapomorphies support P. mixtus as the sister group of the clade P. bivittatus +: tergite VIII, in males, almost subparallel at sides, rounded­truncate at apex (39 1); internal sac with median sclerites (44 1); rectal loop oblique, straight, provided with a prominent dorsal projection (50 2).

Ptychoderes mixtus differs from the other known species of the genus by the autapomorphies: 1) apical notch of rostrum deep and narrow; 2) elytral interstria 1 prominent from basal 1/5 and continuing with elytral apical margin; 3) setiferous sex patch closer to apical margin of ventrite I. In addition, the whitish dorsal vitta is less contrasting in relation to the body sides.

Ptychoderes mixtus is similar to P. depressus and P. rugicollis in the dorsal vestiture and elytra with anteapical tubercles, differing, in addition to the characters mentioned in the key, in the deep pronotal depression provided with a weakly prominent, almost rounded, median tubercle that does not reach the lateral margins of depression. In P. depressus and P. rugicollis , the pronotal depression is shallower; in the former, the median tubercle is rounded and prominent almost reaching the lateral margins of depression, while in P. rugicollis the median tubercle is transverse and reaches the margins of depression. P. depressus belongs to the P. longicollis + group.

Distribution ( Fig. 266 )

PANAMA, COLOMBIA, GUYANA, FRENCH GUIANA, BRAZIL (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), BOLIVIA, PARAGUAY and ARGENTINA. Jordan (1906) recorded P. mixtus for COSTA RICA and Rheinheimer (2004) for VENEZUELA.

Material examined

PANAMA. Chiriqui Prov., 4 K E Boqueti, 1 F, V .1996, Wappes, Huethei & Morris leg. ( ACMB) . COLOMBIA. 1 M, ex­coll. Lacordaire ( ISNB) . GUYANA. Roraima (distr.), 2 M, ex­coll. Sharp ( BMNH) . FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne, 1 M, 1 F ( MZSP) . BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: (12°31’S, 51°46’W), 1 M, 1 F, XII .1968, RS/RGS – Exp. Brazil Beaver leg. ( BMNH); Rio Verde (400 m), 1 M, X.1964, ( DZUP); Rosário Oeste, 1 M, I.1972, Dirings leg. ( MZSP); Vera (12°46’S, 55°36’W), 1 M, 3 F, X.1973, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. ( MNRJ) . Goiás: Rio Verde , 1 M, II .1945 ( MZSP). Bahia: Encruzilhada (Estr. Rio – Bahia, Km 965, 960 m), 3 M, 2 F, XI .1974, 1 F, XII.1974, Seabra & Roppa leg. ( MNRJ). Espírito Santo: 1 M, ex­coll. Fry ( BMNH); Barra de São Francisco (Córrego Ita), 1 M, XI .1957, Almeida leg. ( DZUP), 1 M, 1 F, XI .1956 , Zikán leg. ( MNRJ); Linhares, 1 F, III – IV .1970 , Silva leg. ( MNRJ); Pinheiros, 1 F, XI .1971 , Lima leg. ( DZUP); Santa Teresa , 1 F, X.1964, 1 F, XII.1964, 1 M, XII.1966, Elias leg. ( DZUP), 1 F, XII .1964 , Elias leg. ( MZSP); São Mateus , 1 M, X.1971, Lima leg. ( DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: 2 M, ex­coll. Fry ( BMNH) . São Paulo: 1 M, I.[19]14, 1 F, I.1920, (leg. illegible) ( MNRJ); Indiana, 1 F, XII .1939, Pohl leg. ( MZSP), 1 M, 1 F, XII .1934 ( MNRJ); Nova Europa (Faz. Itaquerê), 1 M, XII .1964 , Lenko leg. ( MZSP); Piracicaba , 1 M, 1965, Reichardt leg. ( MZSP); São Paulo (Saúde), 1 M, XII . [19]15 ( MNRJ), (Ipiranga) 1 M, ( MZSP), ( Saúde ) 1 m, XII .[19]15 ( MNRJ). Paraná: Antonina, 1 F, I.1956, Marinoni & Azevedo leg. ( DZUP); Curitiba (900 m), 1 M, XII .1967, exp. DZUP – UFPR leg. ( DZUP); Jussara ( Horto Florestal , 340 m), 1 M, X.1974, leg. DZUP – UFPR leg. ( DZUP); Ponta Grossa, 1 F (light trap), X.1970, Justus leg. ( DZUP); Porecatu , 1 M, X.1970, Becker­Hatschback leg. ( DZUP); Rolândia, 1 M, 1 F, XII .1943, Justus leg. ( DZUP), 1 M, XI.1949, 1 M, 1 M, III.1951, 2 M, 4 F, VII .1954 , 1 M (compared with syntype), XI.1959, Dirings leg. ( MZSP), 1 M, XII.1957 ( MNRJ). Santa Catarina: Corupá , 2 F, I.1953, 1 F, XI .1953, Maller leg. ( MNRJ); Joinville,1 M, IV .1955, Dirings leg. ( MZSP); Rio Vermelho. 1 M, II .1950, Dirings leg. ( MZSP); Timbó, 4 M, 2 F, II .1956, 2 F, II .1963 , Dirings leg.; Rio Herta (400 m), 1 M, III .1952 , Dirings leg.; Rio Benedito , 2 M, III.1955, Dirings leg. ( MZSP). Rio Grande do Sul: 1 F (compared with syntype), ex­coll. Jordan ( BMNH) . BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: 4–6 Km SSE Buena Vista (Fauna & Flora Hotel), 1 M, I.2004, Robin & Clarke leg. ( MZSP) . PARAGUAY. Itapúa: E ncarnación, 1 M (compared with syntype), III .1949, Schade leg. ( BMNH); Alto Parana (Hohenau), 1 M, XII .1954, L. Peña leg. ( ACMB). ARGENTINA. Jujuy: Jujuy, 3 M, 2 F, 190[?], Bruch leg. ( MACN), 1 M, 1 F ( DZUP) . Salta: Oran­Urundel, 1 M, XII .1947, Kormilev leg. ( MACN), 1 M ( MZSP).

Ptychoderes bivittatus Jordan, 1894

Figs. 72 , 86, 100 , 114 , 134–137 , 220 , 228 , 248 , 265

Ptychoderes bivittatus Jordan, 1894: 594 ; Bovie, 1906: 219 (cat.); Jordan 1906: 304, t.10, fig. 4; Wolfrum, 1929: 6 (cat.); 1953: 3 (cat. supl.); Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.).

Ptychoderes bivittata [sic]; Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.).

Ptychoderes vittatus [sic]; Jordan, 1895: 123 (misspelling); Wolfrum, 1953: 3 (cat. supl.)

Male. Vestiture ( Figs. 220 , 228 ): a pale vitta formed by dense, appressed, yellowish scales, intermingled with sparse, semi­appressed light­brown scales present on dorsal side of rostrum, frons, sides of vertex and at each side of pronotum extending to humeri. Central region of vertex and pronotum with brownish scales either moderately dense or missing. E ach elytron with irregular spots formed by short and sub­erect dark­brown scales: at base close to scutellum; one almost rounded antemedially; one dorsal, posmedially, one before apex; several small ones along the pleural margins. Pygidium predominantly with darkbrown scales, except at central region near sulcus, with spot formed by light­brown scales intermingled with scales of other color. Ventral body surface and legs with yellowish scales. Sides of prosternum, below lateral carina, with a continuous vitta of blackishbrown scales, extending shorter beyond lateral carina. Sides of mesosternum with a large glabrous vitta; upper, longitudinal half of metepisternum and lateroanterior angles of ventrites ( Fig. 200 ) with dense, decumbent, blackish­brown scales; ventrites, at each side of disk, with shining, brownish scales, forming a row of conspicuous almost rounded spots closer to posterior margin. Mesepimera and mesepisterna with dense, setigerous coarse punctures, each bearing a brownish scale, these punctures shallower on metepisterna, and sides of metasternum and ventrites. Femora, tibiae and tarsi without scales of other color. Outer surface of meso­ and metafemora with two spots of dark­brown scales.

Rostrum 1.3–1.8 times as long as wide across base. Distance between scrobe and eyes from shorter to subequal to maximum width of eye. Sides slightly swollen and bicarinate; upper carina short, lower carina slightly longer. Scrobes careniform at dorsal margin; extension shallow, wide, with two pits, one distal, deep, and one shallower proximal to scrobe. Mentum with moderately coarse, confluent punctures, impressed on each side, shallowly grooved at apical margin. Gula with sparse, fine punctures. Frons without carinae.

Antennae ( Figs. 220 , 228 ) from short, reaching elytral basal third, to longer than body, exceeding elytral apices by two segments. Segments II–V increasing in length; VI–VII longest, subequal; VIII–IX slightly decreasing in length; IX three times as long as X; this half as long as XI (II = 0.5–1.4; III = 0.7–2.2; IV = 0.6–2.7; V = 0.6–3.1; VI = 0.6–3.5; VII = 0.6–3.5; VIII = 0.6–3.2; IX = 0.8–2.5; X = 0.4–0.7; XI = 0.8–1.6).

Prothorax ( Figs. 220 , 228 , 248 ) as long as or slightly longer than wide; sides subparallel, narrower at anterior margin. Pronotum somewhat convex, without depression, the area corresponding to the median tubercle weakly raised. Pronotum rugose throughout, rugae long, thickened, more conspicuous at middle third; at sides, from feeble to evident. Antebasal carina narrowly interrupted at middle (twice or less than width of carina), oblique towards lateral carina. Lateral carina slightly sinuous. Secondary carina sinuous, narrowly interrupted at middle, almost reaching lateral carina. Laterobasal carina reaching posterior margin of prothorax. Sides of prosternum, below lateral carina, with irregularly dense, glabrous, shining nodules. Prosternum raised with contiguous, coarse, deep punctures; antecoxal furrow deep, wide, slightly sinuous at middle. Mesosternum with moderately fine, shallow, irregularly sparse punctures, barely impressed on each side, and with two deep, contiguous impressions near intercoxal process. Intercoxal process of mesosternum impressed at apex, slightly swollen at lateral and apical margins, with lateroapical projections. Elytra about twice as long as wide across humeri, somewhat convex, barely depressed along interstria 2; basal gibbosities missing; surface rugose from base to behind middle, more so at base and near suture. Sides subparallel, slightly narrower apically. Apex ( Figs. 220 , 228 ) with neither anteapical tubercles nor swollen interstriae. Wings without radial cell.

Abdomen. Intercoxal process of ventrite I deeply grooved, sex patch absent. Ventrite V slightly emarginate at apex. Pygidium slightly wider than long, depressed, with an elongate groove to fit elytra; apical margin almost rounded.

Terminalia. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 72 ) slightly wider than long, subparallel­sided, roundedtruncate at apex; sternite VIII ( Fig. 86 ) almost rounded at sides, slightly emarginate at apex, apodeme triangular, pigmented; apodeme of sternite IX ( Fig. 100 ) 3.3 times as long as arms. Tegmen ( Fig. 114 ) rounded at apex. Aedeagus ( Figs. 134–137 ) with arc between apodemes; tectum ( Fig. 135 ) curved at proximal margin, sides acuminate apicad of middle; pedon ( Figs. 134–136 ) with body slightly curved, thickened apically, rounded at apex; apodemes slightly curved at proximal half. Internal sac ( Fig. 134 ) slightly shorter than aedeagus, spiculated at median and proximal regions; median sclerites thickened, weakly sclerotised ( Fig. 137 ).

Female. Rostrum slightly shorter, about 1.2 times as long as wide across base; sides not swollen. Antennae shorter, reaching the antebasal carina of prothorax; segment XI longest (II = 0.4–0.7; III = 0.5–0.8; IV = 0.5–0.9; V = 0.4–0.8; VI = 0.4–0.7; VII = 0.5–0.7; VIII = 0.3–0.6; IX = 0.6–0.9; X = 0.4–0.6; XI = 0.8–1.1). Sides of prosternum, below lateral carina with feeble nodules between pleural suture and posterior margin of prothorax. Ventrite V with apical margin truncate. Terminalia: tergite VIII slightly wider than long, slightly rounded at sides, apical margin feebly emarginated; sternite VIII and ovipositor similar to those of P. mixtus , differing by elongate spermathecal gland, at least twice as long as spermatheca.

Measurements in mm, male/female, respectively. TL = 11.5–19.7/11.5–22.2; RL = 1.7–3.7/1.7–2.9; RAW = 1.7–2.4/1.7–2.5; RBW = 1.3–2.0/1.4–2.2; HW = 1.9–3.0/ 1.9–3.2; DSO = 0.7–1.8/0.6–1.1; MLO = 1.0–1.7/1.0–1.6; PL =3.2–5.5/3.2–5.5; PW = 3.2–5.0/3.2–5.5; EL = 7.5–13.2/7.7–13.5; EW = 3.5–6.0/3.5–6.3.

Type material

Male syntype ( BMNH) examined, with following labels: 1) Type [small white with red border]; 2) Tehuantepec; 3) Ptychoderes bivittatus , male, Type !, Jordan ; 4) [white rounded with yellow border = Paratype]; 5) Karl Jordan coll., B.M. 1940–109; 6) Ptychoderes bivittatus Jordan / Syntype, Lyal det. 1999. Type locality: Jordan (1894) examined a male and a female, respectively from Tehuantepec ( Mexico), and Chontales ( Nicaragua) .

Remarks

P. bivittatus is the sister group of P. callosus + by synapomorphies referent to the anterolateral angles of ventrites I–V with developed, dark spots formed by dense, blackish­brown scales (3 1), and lateral carinae of prothorax strongly sinuous (21 3). It differs from all other species of the genus mainly by dorsal vestiture, frons without carinae, and pronotum slightly convex, lacking central depression.

Distribution ( Fig. 265 )

MEXICO, NICARAGUA and COSTA­RICA. Jordan (1906) recorded P. bivittatus for Guatemala and O’Brien (1998) for HONDURAS.

Material examined

CENTRAL AMERICA. 1 F ( NHMB). MEXICO. 2 F, ex­coll. Lange ( NHMB). Colima: Colima, 1 F ( NHMB). Nayarit: Tepic (Elcora), 1 F, Lüdecke leg. ( NHMB). Yucatán: Quintana Roo, 1 F, V.1964 ( ACMB). NICARAGUA: Estelí: Estelí, 1 F, 8/X/2000 (emerged from Ficus insipida – cut by Acrocinus longimanus ), J. Tomá. leg. ( MNRJ); Rio San Juan: Los Guatusos (Rio Papaturro), 1 F, 21–29/ V /2000, Hernandez & Sunyer leg. ( SEAN). COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: Santa Rosa National Park (300 m), 1 M, IV /1984, 1 F, III /1984, ( INBC); 1 F, V /1996 D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwacha leg. ( INBC, MZSP); Est. Biol. Nancite (0 m), 1 M, IX /1990, E. Alcazan leg. ( INBC); P. N. Rincón de la Vieja, Est. Las Pailas (A. C. Guanacaste), 1 M, 8–18 ene/1992, C. Cano leg. ( INBC); Est. Maritza (600 m, west of Vol. Orosi), 1 F, II /1992, F. Araya leg. ( INBC); R. Gongora (700 m, 6 Km NE Quela, Grande de Libéria), 1 M, II /1992, III Curso Parataxon leg. ( INBC, MZSP); P. N. Guanacaste (North of Liberia 30 Km, Finca Jenny), 1 F, II – V /1991, E. Araya leg. ( INBC, MZSP), (240 m) 1 M, 2–6/X/1994, E. Araya leg. ( INBC, MZSP); Vicinity Estac. Murcielago (8 Km SW Cuajiniquil, 100 m), 1 M, VI /1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey UTM leg. ( INBC); Dos de Tilaram (San Ramón, 1.100 m), 1 M, VII /1995, G. Rodríguez leg. ( INBC, MZSP). Limón: Reventazon (“Hamburgfarm”), 1 M, XI.1924, F. Nevermann leg., (“an trockenen Holz”) ( NHMB).

Figures

FIGURES 70–84. Eighth tergite, male, dorsal. 70, Hypselotropis annulicornis; 71, Ptychoderes mixtus; 72, P. bivittatus; 73, P. callosus; 74, P. rugicollis; 75, P. viridanus; 76, P. antiquus; 77, P. elongatus; 78, P.nebulosus; 79, P. longicollis; 80, P.jordani; 81, P. obsoletus; 82, P. magnus; 83, P. depressus; 84, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 85–112. 85–98, eighth sternite, male, ventral. 85, Ptychoderes mixtus; 86, P. bivittatus; 87, P. callosus; 88, P. rugicollis; 89, P. viridanus; 90, P. antiquus; 91, P. elongatus; 92, P. nebulosus; 93, P. longicollis; 94, P. jordani; 95, P. obsoletus; 96, P. magnus; 97, P. depressus; 98, P. virgatus. 99–112, ninth sternite, male, ventral. 99, Ptychoderes mixtus; 100, P. bivittatus; 101, P. callosus; 102, P. rugicollis; 103, P. viridanus; 104, P. antiquus; 105, P. elongatus; 106, P.nebulosus; 107, P. longicollis; 108, P. jordani; 109, P. obsoletus; 110, P. magnus; 111, P. depressus; 112, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 113–126. Tegmen, dorsal. 113, Ptychoderes mixtus; 114, P. bivittatus; 115, P. callosus; 116, P. rugicollis; 117, P. viridanus; 118, P. antiquus; 119, P. elongatus; 120, P. nebulosus; 121, P. longicollis; 122, P. jordani; 123, P. obsoletus; 124, P. magnus; 125, P. depressus; 126, P. virgatus. ap=apodeme; pf=preapical flange; sr=sclerotized ring; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 127–141. Aedeagus. 127–129, Hypselotropis annulicornis, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 130–133, Ptychoderes mixtus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 133, sclerite, dorsal; 134–137, P. bivittatus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 137, sclerite, dorsal; 138–141, P. callosus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 141, sclerite, dorsal. ap=apodeme; pr=pigmented rods; lm= lateral membrane; pe=pedon; te=tectum; scale bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 177–195. 177–184, Aedeagus. 177–180, Ptychoderes depressus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 180, sclerite, dorsal; 181–184, P. virgatus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 184, sclerite, dorsal. 185–195, female terminalia. 185–188, Ptychoderes mixtus. 185, eighth tergite, dorsal, 186, eighth sternite, ventral, 187, ovipositor, ventral, 188, toothed plate, lateral; 189–192, Ptychoderes jordani. 189, eighth tergite, dorsal, 190, eighth sternite, ventral, 191, ovipositor, ventral, 192, toothed plate, lateral. 193–195, toothed plate, lateral. 193, Phloeotragus heros; 194, Phloeopemon acuticornis; 195, Unanthribus grandis; bc=bursa copulatrix; lr=lateral rods; mr=median rods; vmb=ventral median lobe. Figures 177–184, 185–187, 189–191, 192 and 193–195, respectively, in the same scale; scales bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 196–201. Rectal plates. 196–199, lateral. 196, Hypselotropis annulicornis; 197, Phloeotragus heros; 198, Ptychoderes longicollis, 199, P. mixtus; 200–201, dorsal. 200, P. longicollis, 201, P. mixtus; rl=rectal loop. Figures. 196–198, 199–201, respectively, in the same scale; scale bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 215–220. 215, Ptychoderes obsoletus Jekel, 1855, male; 216, Ptychoderes magnus, Mermudes & Napp, 2004 male holotype; 217, Ptychoderes depressus Jekel, 1855, male; 218, Ptychoderes virgatus Fåhraeus, 1839, male; 219, Ptychoderes mixtus Jekel, 1855, male; 220, Ptychoderes bivittatus Jordan, 1894, male.

FIGURES 228–238. 228, Ptychoderes bivittatus Jordan, 1894, male; 229, P. nebulosus (Olivier, 1795), male; 230, P. brevis Jordan, 1894, female holotype. 231–234 detail of elytral apex. 231, Unanthribus maximus; 232, Ptychoderes mixtus; 233, Ptychoderes elongatus; 234, Ptychoderes callosus. 235, pygidium and ventrite V, Ptychoderes nebulosus. 236–238, ventrite I, male. 236, Ptychoderes mixtus; 237, Ptychoderes rugicollis; 238, Ptychoderes nebulosus.

FIGURES 265–266. 265. Geographical distribution of P. bivittatus (black squares), P. magnus (white triangles), P. obsoletus (black triangles). 266. Geographical distribution of P. mixtus (black squares), P. viridanus (lozenge), P. antiquus (white circles).

FIGURES 239–250. Pronotum. 239, Tribotropis prasinata; 240, Unanthribus grandis; 241, Ptychoderes crustatus; 242, P. brevis, female holotype; 243, P. longicollis, holotype; 244, P. jordani, male holotype; 245, P. magnus, male holotype; 246, P. depressus; 247, P. virgatus; 248, P. bivittatus, male syntype; 249, P.rugicollis; 250, P. elongatus.