Ptychoderes depressus Jekel, 1855

Mermudes, José Ricardo M. & Napp, Dilma Solange, 2006, Revision and cladistic analysis of the genus: Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae, Ptychoderini), Zootaxa 1182 (1), pp. 1-130 : 39-41

Ptychoderes depressus Jekel, 1855

Figs. 52 , 83 , 97, 111 , 125 , 177–180 , 217 , 246 , 264

Ptychoderes depressus Jekel, 1855: 44 ; Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2722 (cat.); Bovie, 1906: 219 (cat.); Wolfrum 1929: 6 (cat.); Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.).

Ptychoderes depressa [sic]; Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.).

Male. Vestiture ( Fig. 217 ): pale dorsal vitta with dense, appressed, whitish scales intermingled with decumbent, brownish to pale­brownish scales slightly denser on rostrum and elytral interstriae 2 and 4. Apical declivity of elytra, interstriae 1, 3, 5 and 7 with long, suberect, blackish­brown setae, conspicuously denser on interstriae 1, 3 and 5. Pygidium with predominance of brown scales. Ventral body surface and legs with dense, appressed, yellowish scales, except disk of pro­ and mesosternum sparsely hairy. Sides of prosternum, below lateral carina, with a continuous dark vitta of blackish­brown scales slightly narrowed between pleural suture and posterior margin of prothorax. Sides of mesosternum with a narrow glabrous vitta. Mesepimera and episterna with moderately shallow setigerous punctures, each provided with a brownish scale. Outer surface of meso­ and metafemora with two spots of blackish­ brown scales. Tarsomera II–III and V with dense blackish­brown scales at apex.

Rostrum 1.1–1.6 times as long as wide across base. Distance between scrobe and eyes about maximum width of eye. Sides bicarinate; carinae elongate, reaching scrobal margin, lower carina strongly oblique. Scrobe careniform at dorsal and basal margins; extension vanishing with a distal deep pit. Mentum punctate­rugose; shallowly grooved at apical margin and strongly impressed at sides. Gula with sparse, fine punctures. Frons with prominent carinae.

Antennae ( Fig. 217 ) either short, reaching elytral basal third or slightly longer than body, exceeding elytra by the club. Segments IV–IX depressed; III–X grooved, the furrow deeper from III; II to VII increasing in length, VIII slightly shorter; IX one third shorter than VIII, and 3 times as long as X; XI one third longer than X. Ventral surface of segments X–XI and apical third of IX with elongate, hook­like, blackish­brown setae. (II = 0.4–1.3; III = 0.6–2.5; IV = 0.7–3.5; V = 0.6–4.1; VI = 0.6–4.5; VII = 0.6–4.6; VIII = 0.5–3.9; IX = 0.6–2.9; X = 0.3–0.8; XI = 0.6–1.2).

Prothorax ( Figs. 217 , 246 ) as long as or longer than wide, converging anteriorly from antebasal carina. Pronotal depression deep, partially divided by a prominent, rounded, median tubercle almost reaching the margins of depression. Pronotum transversely rugose throughout, more so near carinae and depression margins, rugae poorly conspicuous or even absent inside depression. Antebasal carina interrupted at middle (at least twice width of carina), oblique and weakly sinuous towards lateral carina. Lateral carina slightly sinuous. Secondary carina straight, slightly interrupted at middle, reaching lateral carina. Laterobasal carina reaching posterior margin of prothorax. Prosternum raised, almost flat, with moderately dense, moderately coarse, shallow punctures; antecoxal furrow entire, anterior margin from curved to slightly sinuous. Mesosternum with coarse, moderately shallow, irregularly sparse punctures, and a deep, irregularly transverse impression near intercoxal process. Intercoxal process of mesosternum longitudinally impressed, more so at base and apex, weakly swollen at lateral and apical margins, without lateroapical projections. Elytra 2.2 times as long as wide across humeri; flattened at basal two thirds between suture and interstriae 3, convex at apical third; basal gibbosities weakly prominent; surface rugose from base to behind middle, rugae more evident at humeri, inconspicuous near suture. Sides subparallel, slightly narrowed apically from behind middle. Anteapical tubercles almost rounded, weakly prominent; interstriae 3, 5, 7 and 9 swollen. Wings without radial cell.

Abdomen. Intercoxal process of ventrite I deeply grooved; sex patch absent. Ventrite V depressed on disk, surface dull, densely punctate, with suberect pilosity; emarginate at apex, lateroapical angles projected, almost rounded. Pygidium ( Fig. 52 ) wider than long, depressed, groove to fit elytra extending beyond middle; apex rounded­truncate.

Terminalia. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 83 ) as wide as long, strongly convergent at apical two thirds, apical margin rounded; sternite VIII ( Fig. 97 ) with sides convergent, apical margin emarginate forming large lobes, apodeme vestigial; apodeme of sternite IX ( Fig. 111 ) 3.5 times as long as arms. Tegmen ( Fig. 125 ) obliquely truncated at apex. Aedeagus ( Fig. 177–180 ) without arc between apodemes; tectum ( Fig. 178 ) straight at proximal margin, strongly acuminated apically; pedon ( Figs. 177, 179 ) with body weakly curved and narrowed to apex; apodemes curved at proximal third. Internal sac ( Fig. 177 ) slightly longer than aedeagus, spiculated medially, lateral membrane with pigmented rods; antemedian sclerites narrow and weakly sclerotized ( Fig. 180 ).

Female. Rostrum shorter, slightly longer than wide across base; distance between scrobe and eye about half maximum width of eye. Extension of scrobe shallow, sharply delimited dorsally, distal pit deeper. Antennae reaching posterior margin of prothorax; segments VI and VIII shortest; IX–X impressed dorsally (II = 0.4–0.7; III = 0.4–0.7; IV = 0.4–0.8; V = 0.4–0.7; VI = 0.3–0.6; VII = 0.4–0.7; VIII = 0.3–0.5; IX = 0.5–0.8; X = 0.4–0.6; XI = 0.5–0.9). Apical declivity of elytra without hook­like setae. Ventrite V truncate at apex. Pygidium more strongly impressed medially near apical margin. Terminalia similar to that of P. jordani , differing by tergite VIII subparallel at sides, and the emarginate apex of both tergite and sternite VIII.

Measurements, in mm, male/female, respectively. TL = 10.5–22.0/10.2–19.3; RL = 1.4–3.6/1.3–2.6; RAW = 1.4–2.6/1.3–2.5; RBW = 1.2–2.2/1.1–2.2; HW = 1.6–3.2/ 1.4–3.0; DSO = 0.5–1.6/0.4–0.9; MLO = 0.6–1.6/0.7–1.5; PL = 2.8–5.7/2.6–5.2; PW = 2.8–5.3/2.6–5.2; EL = 7.0–14.7/6.8–13.0; EW = 3.1–6.5/2.8–5.8.

Type material Not examined. Jekel (1855) did not mention the number of specimens studied, and

according to Pitkin (2003) the type material is deposited in BMNH. Type locality: Brazil ( Jekel 1855).

Remarks

The following synapomorphies support the sister relationships between P. depressus and P. virgatus , within group P. jordani +: vitta at sides of prosternum not narrowed posteriorly (4 2); extension of scrobe vanishing in males, shallow in females (11 1); antennal segments IV to VIII grooved in males (17 1). In those two species the male’s antennae are stout, and segments IX–X also grooved; in females, these segments are strongly depressed. P. depressus differs from P. virgatus by: eyes more convex, antennal segment III grooved, depression of pronotum deep with a rounded median tubercle, and prosternal furrow narrow. In P. virgatus , the antennal segment III is not grooved, the eyes are less convex, the pronotal depression shallower with a prominent, transverse tubercle, and the prosternal furrow wider.

P. depressus is similar to P. elongatus and P. nebulosus by the flattened elytra, strongly depressed between suture and interstriae 3 (character 27 2). However, by cladistic analysis (see Fig. 270 ), P. elongatus and P. nebulosus belong in the group P. mixtus +, thus is not closely related to P. depressus .

Distribution ( Fig. 264 )

PERU, BRAZIL (Bahia, Pernambuco, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina) , BOLIVIA and PARAGUAY. Rheinheimer (2004) records this species from Argentina.

Material examined

PERU. Rio Toro , 1 F (no other data) ( NHMB) . BRASIL. Pernambuco: Serra Comonaty (near Águas Claras) ( Serra de Communaty ), 1 M, 1893, Gounelle leg. ( BMNH) . Goiás: Jataí, 1 F, ex­coll. Jordan ( BMNH), 2 M , X.1972, Oliveira leg. ( MNRJ); Cabeceiras ( Lagoa Formosa ), 1 M , X.1964, Exp. Depto­Zool. leg. ( MZSP) . Bahia: 1 M, 1 F, Fruhstorfer leg. ( NHMB); Encruzilhada ( Estr. Rio­Bahia , Km 965, 960 m), 4 M, 1 F, XI .1974, Seabra & Roppa leg. ( MNRJ). Minas Gerais: Pedra Azul (700 m), 1 M, 2 F, XI .1972, Seabra & Oliviera leg. ( MNRJ). Espírito Santo: Barra do São Francisco (Córrego Ita), 1 F , I.1955, 1 M, XI .1956, Zikán leg. ( MNRJ); Conceição da Barra , 1 M, 1 F, XI .1968, Elias leg. ( DZUP); 1 M, XII .1965 , Maller leg. ( DZUP); Santa Teresa , 1 M, XII .1964 , Elias leg. ( DZUP); Linhares , 1 M, X.1972, Elias leg. ( MZSP), 1 M, XII .1961, 1 M, III – IV.1970, 1 M, 1 F, III .1972 , Silva leg. ( MNRJ); (Parq. Sooretama), 1 M, 1 F, III.1953, Teles leg. ( MNRJ). São Paulo: Indiana, 1 M, 1 F, XII .1943, Pohl leg. ( MZSP), 2 M, I.1935, 1 M, X.1935, 1 M, XII .1954 (no leg.) ( MNRJ). Paraná: Arapongas, 1 F, I.1952, Maller leg. ( DZUP) . Santa Catarina: Seara (Nova Teutônia). 1 M, XI .1955, 1 F, 1 F, XII .1935 , Plaumann leg. (ex­coll. Frey) ( NHMB); Timbó , 1 F, I.1939, Pohl leg. ( MZSP) . BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: 4–6 K SSE Buena Vista (Fauna & Flora Hotel), 1 M , X.2000, Wappes & Morris leg. ( MZSP), 1 F , I.2002, Wappes leg. ( ACMB); ( Rio Colorado , Alto Surutu, not stated), 1 M, II .1964, 1 M, III.1964, Martinez leg. ( MACN). PARAGUAY. 1 M, XII.1949, 1 M , I.1950, 1 M 17. XII .[?]8, Hokeman leg. ( NHMB); 1 F, Sohapler leg., 1 F (no date) ( BMNH).

Figures

FIGURE 270. Cladogram showing the relationships among the Neotropical genera of Ptychoderini, and Ptychoderes interrelationships; 116 steps; DELTRAN optimization; CI=0.77; RI=0.90. Synapomorphies are indicated by solid black circles; homoplasies by gray circles, and reversion by white circles. The number in the right the branches provide the branch support values for each node.

FIGURES 47–54. Ptychoderes nebulosus, 47, mesendosternite; 48–50, metendosternite, 48, dorsal­posterior, 49, lateral, 50, anterior; 51, wing. 52–54. Pygidium of male, dorsal. 52, Ptychoderes depressus; 53, P. longicollis; 54, P. callosus. at=anterior tendons; la=lateral arms; lm=lamina; m=mesendosternite; C=Costae; Cu=Cubitus; Cu1=1st branch of Cubitus; J=Jugal; M=Media; r­m=transverse radial­media; R=Radial; Rc=radial cell; Rs= Radial sector; Sc=Subcostae; 1A =1st anal branch of 1A; 1A =2nd branch of 1A; 2A=2nd Anal; 3A=3rd Anal. 1 2 Figures 48–50, 53–54, respectively, in the same scale; scales bar=1mm.

FIGURES 70–84. Eighth tergite, male, dorsal. 70, Hypselotropis annulicornis; 71, Ptychoderes mixtus; 72, P. bivittatus; 73, P. callosus; 74, P. rugicollis; 75, P. viridanus; 76, P. antiquus; 77, P. elongatus; 78, P.nebulosus; 79, P. longicollis; 80, P.jordani; 81, P. obsoletus; 82, P. magnus; 83, P. depressus; 84, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 85–112. 85–98, eighth sternite, male, ventral. 85, Ptychoderes mixtus; 86, P. bivittatus; 87, P. callosus; 88, P. rugicollis; 89, P. viridanus; 90, P. antiquus; 91, P. elongatus; 92, P. nebulosus; 93, P. longicollis; 94, P. jordani; 95, P. obsoletus; 96, P. magnus; 97, P. depressus; 98, P. virgatus. 99–112, ninth sternite, male, ventral. 99, Ptychoderes mixtus; 100, P. bivittatus; 101, P. callosus; 102, P. rugicollis; 103, P. viridanus; 104, P. antiquus; 105, P. elongatus; 106, P.nebulosus; 107, P. longicollis; 108, P. jordani; 109, P. obsoletus; 110, P. magnus; 111, P. depressus; 112, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 113–126. Tegmen, dorsal. 113, Ptychoderes mixtus; 114, P. bivittatus; 115, P. callosus; 116, P. rugicollis; 117, P. viridanus; 118, P. antiquus; 119, P. elongatus; 120, P. nebulosus; 121, P. longicollis; 122, P. jordani; 123, P. obsoletus; 124, P. magnus; 125, P. depressus; 126, P. virgatus. ap=apodeme; pf=preapical flange; sr=sclerotized ring; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 177–195. 177–184, Aedeagus. 177–180, Ptychoderes depressus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 180, sclerite, dorsal; 181–184, P. virgatus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 184, sclerite, dorsal. 185–195, female terminalia. 185–188, Ptychoderes mixtus. 185, eighth tergite, dorsal, 186, eighth sternite, ventral, 187, ovipositor, ventral, 188, toothed plate, lateral; 189–192, Ptychoderes jordani. 189, eighth tergite, dorsal, 190, eighth sternite, ventral, 191, ovipositor, ventral, 192, toothed plate, lateral. 193–195, toothed plate, lateral. 193, Phloeotragus heros; 194, Phloeopemon acuticornis; 195, Unanthribus grandis; bc=bursa copulatrix; lr=lateral rods; mr=median rods; vmb=ventral median lobe. Figures 177–184, 185–187, 189–191, 192 and 193–195, respectively, in the same scale; scales bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 215–220. 215, Ptychoderes obsoletus Jekel, 1855, male; 216, Ptychoderes magnus, Mermudes & Napp, 2004 male holotype; 217, Ptychoderes depressus Jekel, 1855, male; 218, Ptychoderes virgatus Fåhraeus, 1839, male; 219, Ptychoderes mixtus Jekel, 1855, male; 220, Ptychoderes bivittatus Jordan, 1894, male.

FIGURES 239–250. Pronotum. 239, Tribotropis prasinata; 240, Unanthribus grandis; 241, Ptychoderes crustatus; 242, P. brevis, female holotype; 243, P. longicollis, holotype; 244, P. jordani, male holotype; 245, P. magnus, male holotype; 246, P. depressus; 247, P. virgatus; 248, P. bivittatus, male syntype; 249, P.rugicollis; 250, P. elongatus.

FIGURES 263–264. 263. Geographical distribution of P. longicollis (black circles), P. crustatus (white triangles), P. brevis (black squares), P. jekeli (black triangles). 264. Geographical distribution of P. jordani (black squares), P.depressus (black triangles), P. virgatus (white circles).