Ptychoderes elongatus ( Germar, 1824 )

Mermudes, José Ricardo M. & Napp, Dilma Solange, 2006, Revision and cladistic analysis of the genus: Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae, Ptychoderini), Zootaxa 1182 (1), pp. 1-130 : 66-69

Ptychoderes elongatus ( Germar, 1824)

Figs. 77 , 91, 105 , 119 , 154–157 , 225 , 233 , 250 , 262 , 268

Anthribus elongatus Germar, 1824: 178 ; Gyllenhall in Schoenherr, 1833: 120 (= Macrocephalus nebulosus Olivier, 1795 ) (error).

Ptychoderes elongatus ; Schoenherr, 1833: 122; Dejean, 1837: 256 (cat.); Schoenherr, 1839: 156; Jekel, 1849: 10 (list.); Labram & Imhoff, 1842: fasc. 10; Jekel, 1855: 46; Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2722 (cat.); Bovie, 1906: 219 (cat.); Wolfrum, 1929: 6 (cat.); Holloway, 1985: 162 (setiferous sex patches); Costa et al. 1988: 251 (biology, plate 138, Figs. 1–15 ); Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.).

Ptychoderes elongata [sic]; Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.).

Male. Vestiture ( Fig. 225 ): pale dorsal vitta with dense, appressed, whitish scales intermingled with decumbent light­brown to pale­light­brown scales, denser on rostrum, head and elytral interstriae 3 and 4; apical two thirds of elytra with sparse, suberect, fusiform, light­brown scales. Pygidium with predominance of brownish scales. Ventral body surface and legs with appressed, dense, yellowish­white scales except medially with sparse, blackish­brown pilosity; sides of prosternum, below lateral carina, with continuous dark vitta of blackish­brown scales. Sides of mesosternum with wide glabrous vitta. Anterior angles of ventrites III–V with small dark spot of dense, blackish­brown scales. Mesepisternum with shallow setigerous punctures each provided with a brownish scale, and becoming almost inconspicuous in mesepimera, metepisterna, and sides of metasternum and ventrites. Outer surface of meso­ and metafemora with strip of blackish­ brown scales.

Rostrum 1.3–1.8 times as long as wide across base; weakly depressed between carinae. Distance between scrobe and eyes from slightly shorter to slightly longer than maximum width of eye. Sides looking tricarinate due to careniform upper margin of scrobe; upper carina short not reaching scrobe, lower carina elongate, suboblique, reaching scrobal margin. Scrobes careniform at dorsal margin; extension wide, slightly deep with deep distal pit slightly wider than extension. Mentum sparsely, finely punctate, weakly impressed at sides, and shallowly grooved at apical margin. Gula with sparse, fine punctures. Frons almost flat, not impressed near ocular margin, with prominent carinae. Head elongate behind eyes; vertex almost flat.

Antennae ( Fig. 225 ) from short, exceeding the middle of prothorax, to about as long as body, reaching apical ¼ of elytra. Segments II to VII increasing in length, remaining decreasing; IX 3 times as long as X; XI almost twice as long as X (II = 0.3–2.0; III = 0.3–2.6; IV = 0.3–3.3; V = 0.2–3.8; VI = 0.2–4.1; VII = 0.2–4.2; VIII = 0.1–3.6; IX = 0.3–2.9; X = 0.3–0.8; XI = 0.5–1.4).

Prothorax ( Figs. 225 , 250 , 262 ) longer than wide, converging anteriorly from antebasal carina. Longitudinal pronotal depression deep, more so behind median tubercle, this almost rounded, weakly prominent, flat on top, not reaching margins of depression. Rugae short, weakly prominent, restricted inside depression, always more evident behind tubercle. Antebasal carina interrupted at middle (at least three times width of carina), curved towards lateral carina. Secondary carina sinuous, widely interrupted at middle, not reaching lateral carina. Laterobasal carina not reaching posterior margin of prothorax. Prosternum ( Fig. 262 ) almost flat, with scarce, almost inconspicuous, fine punctures; antecoxal furrow vestigial and curved. Intercoxal process of prosternum at same level of prosternum. Mesosternum almost flat, dull, not punctured; anterior groove shallow. Intercoxal process of mesosternum with shallow, longitudinal groove, swollen and declivous at lateral and apical margins, with well developed lateroapical projections. Anterior groove of metasternum vestigial. Elytra 2.3 times longer than wide across humeri, flattened between suture and interstriae 3 at basal 3/4; basal gibbosities inconspicuous; surface weakly rugose at basal 1/5. Sides converging apically from basal third. Epipleura with shallow, short groove at base. Apex ( Fig. 233 ) looking truncate due to subtransverse, prominent anteapical tubercles, interstriae 3–9 not swollen. Wings without radial cell.

Abdomen. Ventrite I with central, developed, rounded setiferous sex patch clothed with shining brown pilosity; groove of intercoxal process vestigial. Ventrite V not impressed on disk, slightly emarginate at apical margin. Pygidium wider than long, subconvex at anterior half, with short groove to fit elytra, truncate at apical margin.

Terminalia. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 77 ) wider than long, subparallel­sided, apical margin almost rounded; sternite VIII ( Fig. 91 ) almost rounded at sides, apical margin strongly emarginated forming large, well defined lobes, apodeme triangular and sclerotized; apodeme of sternite IX ( Fig. 105 ) 3.2 times as long as arms. Tegmen ( Fig. 119 ) obliquely truncate at apex. Aedeagus ( Fig. 154–157 ) with arc between apodemes; tectum ( Fig. 154 ) slightly emarginate at proximal margin, acuminate apically from base, apical third narrow; pedon ( Figs. 155, 156 ) with body strongly curved, thickened apically; apodemes slightly curved. Internal sac ( Fig. 156 ) slightly longer than aedeagus, largely spiculated dorsally and ventrally at middle, ventral area smaller and denser spiculated; median sclerites strongly sclerotised ( Fig. 157 ).

Female. Rostrum slightly shorter, 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide across base. Antennae short, exceeding the middle of prothorax; segments II to VIII subequal to barely decreasing in length; club thickener with segments IX and XI subequal in length and evidently longer than remaining segments (II = 0.4–0.8; III = 0.3–0.7; IV = 0.4–0.6; V = 0.3–0.5; VI = 0.3–0.5; VII = 0.3–0.5; VIII = 0.2–0.5; IX = 0.5–0.8; X = 0.3–0.5; XI = 0.6–0.8). Elytra weakly flattened, apical declivity more evident. Ventrite V expanded on each side at apex. Terminalia similar to that of P. mixtus , differing by tergite VIII weakly constricted at apical third, sternite VIII almost rounded at apical margin, and spermathecal gland slightly longer than spermatheca.

Measurements, in mm, male/female, respectively. TL = 8.3–24.5/11.8–22.0; RL = 1.2–4.1/1.4–3.0; RAW = 1.4–2.6/1.3–2.5; RBW = 0.9–2.2/1.1–2.2; HW = 1.2–3.0/ 1.6–2.5; DSO = 0.5–2.2/0.5–1.1; MLO = 0.8–1.8/0.9–1.5; PL = 2.1–6.7/3.1–6.2; PW = 2.0–5.5/2.8–5.2; EL = 5.5–16.0/7.6–14.7; EW = 2.3–6.7/3.3–6.3.

Variability

Ventral body surface often subglabrous medially. The rugae of central pronotal depression may be inconspicuous in front of tubercle.

Type material

Not examined. According to Kuschel (1955), deposited in the University of Halle , Germany (ex­col. E. F. Germar) . Type locality: Germar (1824) mentioned only “ Brazil ”.

Remarks

P. elongatus is the sister group of P. nebulosus by the synapomorphies: presence of fusiform scales at apical two thirds of the males elytra (2 1); prosternal furrow vestigial (24 3); elytra converging apically from basal third, dorsally impressed between suture and interstriae 3 (27 2), with subtransverse anteapical tubercles at beginning of apical declivity (31 4).

P. elongatus differs from P. nebulosus by: 1) ventral surface medially clothed with brownish pilosity; 2) groove of anterior margin of both metasternum and intercoxal process of ventrite I, vestigial. In P. nebulosus , the pilosity of ventral surface is whitish throughout, and the anterior margin of the metasternum and ventrite I is deeply grooved.

Distribution ( Fig. 268 )

BRAZIL (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina). The species is recorded also from ARGENTINA by Rheinheimer (2004).

Material examined

BRAZIL. 1 F ( BMNH); 1 M, ex­coll. E. Werstern ( BMNH);1 F, Salilberg leg., ex­coll. Sharp ( BMNH); Espírito Santo: 1 F, ex­coll. Fry ( BMNH); 1 M, Pres. E. Gowing­Scopes­ Brit. Mus. 1968–131 ( BMNH); 1 M, 1 F, ex­coll. K. Jordan ( BMNH); Santa Tereza , 1 M , X.1964, 1 M XI 1964, 5 M, 11 F, XII.1964, 1 F, II.1966, 4 M, 4 F, X.1966, 4 M, 4 F, XI .1966, 1 F, XII.1966, 1 M, 1 F, XI .1967 , C. Elias leg. ( DZUP, MZSP); Tijuco Preto , 2 M, 1 F, XI .1937 , C. Elias leg. ( DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: 1 M, ex­coll. Fry ( BMNH); Itatiaia (700m), 1 M, X.1929, Pohl leg., 1 M, XII .1953 Seabra & Alvarenga leg. ( MNRJ), (800 m), 1 F, XII .1933, Lopes & Cunha leg. ( MZSP). Rio de Janeiro (Corcovado), 1 M, IX .1958, 1 M VIII.1959, 1 M, XII.1959, 1 M, XI.1961, 1 F, I.1967, 3 M, 1 F, XI .1967, Alvarenga & Seabra leg. ( MNRJ), 1 M IX.1961, Moure leg. ( MNRJ), 1 M, 1 F, XII.1965, Moure & Seabra leg. ( MNRJ), 1 M III.1953 and 1 F, XI .1953 , D. Zajciw leg. ( MNRJ), (E str. Sumaré ), 1 M, XI .1955 , Seabra leg. ( MNRJ), ( Floresta da Tijuca ), 1 M, I.1974, Seabra leg. ( MNRJ), 1 M, III .1980, Seabra leg. ( MNRJ), ( Gávea ), 1 M III .1939 ( MZSP). São Paulo: Alto da Serra, 1 M, IX .1941, Almeida leg. ( MZSP); Guarujá , 1 F, III .1970 ( MNRJ); Peruíbe ( Barra do Una ), 1 M, 1 F, XII .1980, Exp. MZSP leg. ( MZSP). Paraná: Antonina , 1 F , I.1966, Marinoni & Azevedo leg. ( DZUP); Rolândia , 1 M, 1 F, II .1944, Justus leg. ( DZUP), 1 F, XI.1949, 4 M, 1 F, VII .1954 , Dirings leg. ( MZSP); Monjolinho , 1 M, I.1944, Justus leg. ( DZUP); Jussara (H. florestal, 340 m), 1 F , X.1974, Exp. Depto. Zoo UFPR ( DZUP) . Santa Catarina: 1 F, Staudinger leg., Pres. E. Gowing­Scopes­Brit. Mus. 1968–131 ( BMNH); Corupá (60 m), 1 M , X.1933,. ( DZUP); 1 M , X.1960, 1 F, III .1960; 1 M, X.1961 ( DZUP); 1 F, 1 M, II .1950, 1 M, XI.1951, 1 M, I.1953, 1 F, II .1953 Maller leg. ( DZUP), 1 M, XII .1953 , Maller leg. ( MNRJ); Joinville , 2 M (nº 54 Proc /249) Brückner leg. ( MNRJ), 1 M, 1 F, III .1960 ; 1 F (no other data) ( MZSP); São Bento do Sul ( Rio Vermelho ), 1 M, 1 F, III.1949, 1 F, I.1961, 1 F, III .1962, Dirings leg. ( MZSP); Seara (= Nova Teutônia ), 1 M, 1 F , I.1935, 1 M, 1 F, I.1939, Pohl leg. ( MZSP); Timbó , 3 M, 1 F, IV .1947, 1 M, XI.1950, 4 M, 2 F, III.1951, 2 M, 1 F, III .1952 (Rio Herta, 400m, Usina R. Cedro ), 2 M, XII.1952, 2 M, 2 F, I.1955, 1 F, III .1955, ( Rio Benedito ), 2 M, 2 F, XI .1955, 1 M, XII.1955, 4 M, 6 F, II.1956, 2 M, 1 F, III.1956, 3 M, 3 F, IV.1956, 2 M, 5 F, V.1956, 1 F, VIII.1956, 4 M, 2 F, XI.1956, 14 M, 8 F, XII.1956, 2 M, 6 F, III.1957, 9 M, 5 F, IV.1957, 2 M, 1 F, I.1960, 2 M, I.1961, 1 F, X. 1961, 8 M, 12 F, XI .1961, 2 M, I.1962, 1 M, V .1962, 3 M, 1 F, XII.1962, 3 M, I.1963, 10 M, 11 F, II .1963, 2 M, 2 F, III.1963, 3 M, 2 F, V.1963, 1 M, 2 F, II.1964, 1 M, 1 F, III.1964, 1 F, I.1968, Dirings leg. ( MZSP) .

Figures

FIGURES 70–84. Eighth tergite, male, dorsal. 70, Hypselotropis annulicornis; 71, Ptychoderes mixtus; 72, P. bivittatus; 73, P. callosus; 74, P. rugicollis; 75, P. viridanus; 76, P. antiquus; 77, P. elongatus; 78, P.nebulosus; 79, P. longicollis; 80, P.jordani; 81, P. obsoletus; 82, P. magnus; 83, P. depressus; 84, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 85–112. 85–98, eighth sternite, male, ventral. 85, Ptychoderes mixtus; 86, P. bivittatus; 87, P. callosus; 88, P. rugicollis; 89, P. viridanus; 90, P. antiquus; 91, P. elongatus; 92, P. nebulosus; 93, P. longicollis; 94, P. jordani; 95, P. obsoletus; 96, P. magnus; 97, P. depressus; 98, P. virgatus. 99–112, ninth sternite, male, ventral. 99, Ptychoderes mixtus; 100, P. bivittatus; 101, P. callosus; 102, P. rugicollis; 103, P. viridanus; 104, P. antiquus; 105, P. elongatus; 106, P.nebulosus; 107, P. longicollis; 108, P. jordani; 109, P. obsoletus; 110, P. magnus; 111, P. depressus; 112, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 113–126. Tegmen, dorsal. 113, Ptychoderes mixtus; 114, P. bivittatus; 115, P. callosus; 116, P. rugicollis; 117, P. viridanus; 118, P. antiquus; 119, P. elongatus; 120, P. nebulosus; 121, P. longicollis; 122, P. jordani; 123, P. obsoletus; 124, P. magnus; 125, P. depressus; 126, P. virgatus. ap=apodeme; pf=preapical flange; sr=sclerotized ring; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 142–157. Aedeagus. 142–145, Ptychoderes rugicollis, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 145, sclerite, dorsal; 146–149, P. viridanus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 149, sclerite, dorsal; 150–153, P. antiquus, dorsal, ventral and lateral; 153, sclerite, dorsal; 154–157, P. elongatus, dorsal, ventral and lateral; 157, sclerite, dorsal; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 221–227. 221, Ptychoderes callosus Jekel, 1855, male; 222, P. rugicollis Jordan, 1895, male; 223, P. viridanus Boheman, 1833, male; 224, P. antiquus Jekel, 1855, male; 225, P. elongatus (Germar, 1824), male; 226–227, P. nebulosus (Olivier, 1795), male.

FIGURES 228–238. 228, Ptychoderes bivittatus Jordan, 1894, male; 229, P. nebulosus (Olivier, 1795), male; 230, P. brevis Jordan, 1894, female holotype. 231–234 detail of elytral apex. 231, Unanthribus maximus; 232, Ptychoderes mixtus; 233, Ptychoderes elongatus; 234, Ptychoderes callosus. 235, pygidium and ventrite V, Ptychoderes nebulosus. 236–238, ventrite I, male. 236, Ptychoderes mixtus; 237, Ptychoderes rugicollis; 238, Ptychoderes nebulosus.

FIGURES 239–250. Pronotum. 239, Tribotropis prasinata; 240, Unanthribus grandis; 241, Ptychoderes crustatus; 242, P. brevis, female holotype; 243, P. longicollis, holotype; 244, P. jordani, male holotype; 245, P. magnus, male holotype; 246, P. depressus; 247, P. virgatus; 248, P. bivittatus, male syntype; 249, P.rugicollis; 250, P. elongatus.

FIGURES 251–262. Prosternum. 251, Tribotropis prasinata; 252, Unanthribus grandis; 253, Ptychoderes virgatus; 254, P. jekeli, female holotype; 255, P. magnus, male holotype; 256, P. obsoletus; 257, P. longicollis, male holotype; 258, P. viridanus; 259, P. rugicollis; 260, P. callosus; 261, P.nebulosus; 262, P. elongatus.

FIGURES 267–268. 267. Geographical distribution of P. rugicollis (black squares), P. callosus (black triangles). 268. Geographical distribution of P. elongatus (black circles), P. nebulosus (white circles).

FIGURES 1–11. Head, dorsal. 1, Cerambyrhynchus schoenherri; 2, Phloeopemon acuticornis; 3, Phloeotragus heros; 4, Tribotropis prasinata; 5, Hypselotropis annulicornis; 6, Unanthribus maximus; 7, Ptychoderes nebulosus. Head, lateral. 8, Phloeotragus heros; 9, Ptychoderes nebulosus. Mentum, ventral. 10, Phloeotragus heros; 11, Ptychoderes nebulosus. dp=distal pit; lc=lower carina; ms = maxilar sinus; sp=subocular pit; uc=upper carina. Figures 1–5, 8–9, 10–11, respectively, in the same scale; scales bar=1 mm.

FIGURES 12–15. Ptychoderes nebulosus. 12, head, dorsal; 13, apex of rostrum; 14, carinae of frons; 15, apex of dorsolateral carina.