Eumenes c. coarctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

van Achterberg, Cornelis, Smit, John T. & Ljubomirov, Toshko, 2023, Review of the European Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) using morphology and DNA barcodes, with an illustrated key to species, ZooKeys 1143, pp. 93-163 : 93

Eumenes c. coarctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Figs 2a , 4-12 , 13-21

Vespa coarctata Linnaeus, 1758: 573.

Eumenes coarctatus coarctatus ; Gusenleitner, 1972: 75, 1999: 569; Day 1979: 60; Richards 1980: 21; Vergés Serra 1985: 145, 149; Castro 1997: 4; Sanza 1997: 435, 445; Giordani Soika and Borsato 1995: 6; Borsato 2006: 140-141; Castro and Sanza 2009: 265; Frommer 2013: 19.

Eumenes coarctatus ; Tobias and Kurzenko 1978: 160; Richards 1980: 20-21; Hensen 1985: 45; Schmid-Egger and Schmidt 2002: 18; Archer 2003: 64, 2014: 32; Smit et al. 2004: 326-327; Woydak 2006: 39-40; Schmid-Egger 2010: 23, 2011: 44; Abenius 2012: 271; Neumeyer 2014: 367, 2019: 269; Fateryga et al. 2020: 95; Baldock et al. 2020: 43; Cassar et al. 2022: 206-207.

Eumenes (Eumenes) coarctatus ; Fateryga 2017: 181, 2018: 203-204.

Eumenes (Eumenes) coarctatus coarctatus ; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 125-126 (literature before 1972); Castro 1997: 4; Gereys 2006: 387, 2012: 200, 2016: 127; Dal Pos et al. 2022: 14.

Eumenes pomiformis dernaensis Blüthgen, 1938: 494; Fateryga 2017: 181 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ).

Eumenes lunulatus dernaensis ; Gusenleitner 1972: 80; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 128.

Eumenes coarctatus dernansis (!); Gusenleitner 1999: 569.

Eumenes coarctatus dernaensis ; Gusenleitner 2013: 26.

Eumenes pomiformis barbatulus Blüthgen, 1943: 303; Gusenleitner 1972: 75 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ); van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 125 (id.); Fateryga 2017: 181 (id.).

Eumenes pedunculata var. punctata Hellén, 1944: 11; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 125 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ); Gereys 2016: 127 (id.); Fateryga 2017: 181 (id.).

Eumenes pedunculatus var. turaniformis Blüthgen, 1959: 13; Fateryga 2017: 181 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ).

Eumenes coarctatus turaniformis ; Gusenleitner 1972: 76, 1999: 569.

Eumenes (Eumenes) coarctatus turaniformis ; van der Vecht 1968: 78; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 126; Dal Pos et al. 2022: 14.

Eumenes coarctatus corsicus Gusenleitner, 1972: 77, 1999: 569 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ); Borsato 2006: 141; Gereys 2016: 127 (id.); Fateryga 2017: 181 (id.).

Eumenes coarctatus maroccanus Gusenleitner, 1972: 76-77, 1999: 569, 2013: 26; Castro 1997: 4 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ); Gereys 2012: 200 (id.), 2016: 127 (id.); Fateryga 2017: 181 (id.).

Eumenes (Eumenes) coarctatus maroccanus ; Giordani Soika and Borsato 1995: 6; Borsato and Turrisi 2004: 143; Dal Pos et al. 2022: 14.

Eumenes coarctatus nugaricus Giordani Soika, 1986: 123; Gusenleitner 1999: 570; Borsato 2006: 141; Fateryga 2017: 181 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ).

Eumenes (Eumenes) coarctatus nuragicus ; Dal Pos et al. 2022: 14.

Notes.

The holotype female of E. coarctatus is heavily damaged (e.g., antenna completely missing) but the metasoma is preserved showing the robust first tergite in lateral view (https://linnean-online.org/16751/) and the second sternite lacks long setae (see van der Vecht 1968, also for the variation of the shape of the first metasomal tergite). The clypeus is entirely black as was likely the anterior face of the scape and, therefore, belongs to the dark typical form.

Distribution.

The dark typical form is mostly boreo-alpine of distribution and occurs in Scandinavia (up to S Finland and SE Sweden), UK (England and Wales) and mountainous regions in Central Europe (reaching 1550 m altitude in Switzerland). The pale typical form (= f. Eumenes coarctatus barbatulus Blüthgen, 1943) occurs in mainly C and SW Europe and is often the most common species. Outside Europe known from N Africa and the East Palaearctic region up to China and Japan. Only breeding species in UK where it is considered a most threatened species and is known as the Heath Potter Wasp (https://naturebftb.co.uk/artwork/heath-tiger-beetle-alex-hyde/pots-of-the-heath-potter-wasp-eumenes-coarctatus/).

Figures

Figure 2. 2 a Eumenes coarctatus coarctatus (Linnaeus), female, Netherlands, collecting clay for nest construction 2 b abandoned clay nest. Photographs: J. T. Smit.

Figures 4 - 12. Eumenes coarctatus coarctatus (Linnaeus), Netherlands (Otterloo), female 4 metasoma lateral 5 first metasomal tergite dorsal 6 first tergite ventral 7 mesosoma dorsal 8 second metasomal tergite latero-dorsal 9 head anterior 10 head and propleuron lateral 11 antenna 12 hind tarsal claw.

Figures 13 - 21. Eumenes coarctatus coarctatus (Linnaeus), Netherlands (Otterloo), male 13 metasoma lateral 14 first metasomal tergite dorsal 15 first tergite ventral 16 mesosoma dorsal 17 second metasomal tergite dorsal 18 head anterior 19 head and propleuron lateral 11 apical half of antenna 12 apical hook of antenna lateral.