Helorus Latreille, 1802
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.3.8 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:327F274A-555D-4C14-A7D2-EDC10F8E1688 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450054 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A11F6F37-FFA2-FFA3-3F9F-FB0CFA62BEBF |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Helorus Latreille |
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Key to Old World species of the genus Helorus Latreille View in CoL View at ENA (except Australian region)
1 Temple, face, vertex, mesopleuron ventrally and mesoscutum medially coarsely reticulate-rugose; first metasomal tergite comparatively robust ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 2–12 in van Achterberg 2006), but slender in H. suwai ; hind tibia of ♂ dark brown............ 2
- Temple, face, vertex, mesopleuron ventrally and mesoscutum medially smooth to moderately punctate; first tergite variable, often slenderer ( Figs 6 View FIGURES 2–12 , 34 View FIGURES 26–36 ); hind tibia of ♂ largely blackish, dark brown or yellowish brown..................... 5
2 Basal half of first tergite parallel-sided and tergite about 3.0 × as long as its maximum width in dorsal view; vein 2-SR of fore wing curved posteriorly; [scutellum with medio-longitudinal carina; second tergite finely punctulate; pterostigma about 3.3 × as long as wide]; Japan............................................................ H. suwai Kusigemati, 1987
- Basal half of first tergite distinctly widened anteriorly and tergite 1.7–2.0 × as long as its maximum width in dorsal view; vein 2-SR of fore wing straight posteriorly..................................................................... 3
3 Lamellae between antennal sockets wide reversed W-shaped; basal width of hypopygium of ♀ twice longer than its median length and remotely punctate; [only known from ♀ holotype from Jilin (NE China)]................................................................................... H. jilinensis He & Xu, 2015
- Lamellae between antennal sockets narrower and M-shaped; basal width of hypopygium of ♀ about 1.5 × longer than its median length and densely punctate (interspaces 0.3–0.6 × diameter of punctures)..................... 4
4 First tergite distinctly narrowed apically in lateral view; posterior part of vein r widened, 2–3 × wider than anterior part of vein r; posterior margin of pterostigma nearly straight; China (Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan)...................................................................... H. chinensis He, 1992
- First tergite hardly or not narrowed apically in lateral view ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 2–12 in van Achterberg 2006); apical part of vein r not or slightly widened, similar to anterior part of vein r; posterior margin of pterostigma curved; Europe............................................................................... H. nigripes Foerster, 1856
5 Pterostigma robust, 2.1–2.6 × as long as wide ( Figs. 11 View FIGURES 2–12 , 23 View FIGURES 14–24 ); first tergite less elevated subbasally and slender in lateral view ( Figs. 6 View FIGURES 2–12 , 17 View FIGURES 14–24 ); antenna (except basally) yellowish brown or brown ventrally ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 2–12 ); metasoma of ♂ smooth or punctulate latero-ventrally; temple above malar suture depressed ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 2–12 )........................................ 6
- Pterostigma slender, 2.9–3.8 × as long as wide ( Figs. 36 View FIGURES 26–36 , 43 View FIGURES 38–48 , 49 View FIGURE 49 ); first tergite distinctly elevated subbasally and usually robust in lateral view ( Figs 34 View FIGURES 26–36 , 41 View FIGURES 38–48 , 49 View FIGURE 49 , 52 View FIGURES 50–58 ); antenna (except basally) usually largely dark brown or black ventrally ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 50–58 ); metasoma of ♂ distinctly finely punctate latero-ventrally; temple above malar space flat or slightly impressed ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 50–58 ).......... 8
6 First flagellomere 4.7–7.7 × as long as wide ( Figs. 2 View FIGURES 2–12 , 14 View FIGURES 14–24 ); apical half of hind femur partly or entirely yellow; first tergite slender in lateral view ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 6 View FIGURES 2–12 , 17 View FIGURES 14–24 ); hind coxa and apical half of hind tibia blackish (contrasting with apical yellow part of hind femur) and remainder of leg pale yellowish ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 12 View FIGURES 2–12 , 24 View FIGURES 14–24 ); vein cu-a of fore wing often antefurcal ( Figs. 11 View FIGURES 2–12 , 23 View FIGURES 14–24 ); [vein r of fore wing short]; China (Sichuan, Shaanxi, Ningxia).............................. H. antefurcalis He & Xu, 2015
- First flagellomere 2.8–3.6 × as long as wide; apical half of hind femur black; first tergite less slender in lateral view ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 2–12 ); hind coxa and apical half of hind tibia yellowish brown to dark brown and remainder of hind leg yellowish brown; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial.................................................................................. 7
7 Hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus pale yellow; first flagellomere about 3.6 × longer than wide; hind tibia (except basally) and tarsus apically dark brown; first tergite comparatively slender in lateral view; China (Hebei)........................................................................................................ H. reni He & Xu, 2015
- Hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus yellowish brown; first flagellomere about 2.8 × longer than wide; hind tibia and tarsus brownish yellow; first tergite less slender in lateral view ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 2–12 in van Achterberg, 2006); [colour of middle trochanter and femur varies from yellowish brown to dark brown]; China (Henan, Shaanxi); Holarctic, Afrotropical................................................................................................. H. ruficornis Foerster, 1856
8 Scutellum with transverse subposterior carina in front of transverse crenulated groove ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 50–58 ), at most narrowly interrupted; lamellae between antennal sockets with some coarse punctures ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 50–58 ); metanotum with distinct transverse carina subposteriorly ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 2–12 in van Achterberg 2006; Fig. 56 View FIGURES 50–58 ), and rather acute dorsally ( Figs. 6 View FIGURES 2–12 , l.c.); first metasomal tergite of both sexes swollen subbasally and 1.8–2.4 × as long as its maximum width, in lateral view comparatively wide ( Figs 49 View FIGURE 49 , 52, 53, 57 View FIGURES 50–58 ); face rather coarsely (rugose-) punctate medio-dorsally ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 50–58 ); antenna of both sexes black ventrally ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 50–58 ); propodeum usually steep posteriorly ( Figs 49 View FIGURE 49 , 51, 57 View FIGURES 50–58 ).................................................. 9
- Scutellum without distinctly transverse subposterior carina, absent or widely interrupted ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 26–36 ); lamellae between antennal sockets smooth or punctulate; metanotum without distinct transverse carina subposteriorly ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 26–36 ), and rounded dorsally ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 26–36 ); first tergite slender subbasally and of ♀ 2.7–3.0 (♂: 2.3–2.6) × as long as its maximum width, in lateral view slender ( Fig 30 View FIGURES 26–36 ); face smooth or finely punctate medio-dorsally, similar to sublateral sculpture or weaker; ventrally antenna of ♀ brown to dark brown and of ♂ black to dark brown; propodeum gradually rounded posteriorly ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 26–36 ).................... 11
9 First tergite strongly constricted subapically in dorsal view, its maximum width twice its minimum width; pterostigma 3.6–3.8 × as long as wide; [palpi infuscate; only ♂ known]; Japan............................. H. yezoensis Kusigemati, 1987
- First tergite less constricted apically in dorsal view, its maximum width 1.5–1.7 × its minimum width; pterostigma 2.9–3.6 × as long as wide........................................................................................ 10
10 Hypopygium of ♀ punctate-reticulate (especially basally); scutellum moderately convex in lateral view; first metasomal tergite only coarsely punctate dorsally; wing membrane hyaline; [only known from ♀ holotype]; NE China (Heilongjiang)........................................................................ H. heilongjiangensis He & Xu, 2015
- Hypopygium of ♀ only punctate ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 49 ); scutellum less convex in lateral view ( Figs 49 View FIGURE 49 , 51 View FIGURES 50–58 ); first tergite more or less rugose dorsally ( Fig. 53 View FIGURES 50–58 ); wing membrane slightly infuscated ( Figs 49 View FIGURE 49 , 57 View FIGURES 50–58 ); China (( Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Zhejiang), Holarctic, NE Oriental............ H. anomalipes (Panzer, 1798)
11 Hind coxa (as femur, trochanter and trochantellus) pale yellowish ( Figs 25 View FIGURE 25 , 31 View FIGURES 26–36 , 37 View FIGURE 37 ); vein 2-SR of fore wing slender and straight, and base of SR1 not widened ( Figs 25 View FIGURE 25 , 36 View FIGURES 26–36 , 37 View FIGURE 37 , 43 View FIGURES 38–48 ); [first tergite 3.0–3.6 × longer than high in lateral view ( Figs 34 View FIGURES 26–36 , 41 View FIGURES 38–48 ); pterostigma 3.4–3.8 × as long as wide ( Figs 36 View FIGURES 26–36 , 43 View FIGURES 38–48 )]......................................................... 12
- Hind coxa (as most of femur, trochanter and trochantellus) black; vein 2-SR of fore wing widened and slightly curved (but straight in H. alborzicus ) and base of SR1 widened; [first tergite 2.3–3.5 × longer than high in lateral view ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 2–12 in van Achterberg 2006)].................................................................................... 13
12 Pterostigma of ♀ ( Figs 25 View FIGURE 25 , 36 View FIGURES 26–36 ) much paler than that of ♂ ( Figs 37 View FIGURE 37 , 43 View FIGURES 38–48 ); apex of pterostigma of ♀ much paler than vein 1-R1 ( Figs 25 View FIGURE 25 , 36 View FIGURES 26–36 ); East Palaearctic: NW China (Shaanxi)....................................... H. caii He & Xu, 2015
Pterostigma of both sexes entirely brown; apex of pterostigma of ♀ and vein 1-R1 similarly coloured; Oriental: Indonesia (Sulawesi)............................................................... H. celebensis van Achterberg, 2006
13 First tergite robust in lateral view and 2.3–2.7 × as long as wide; frons laterally more or less densely punctate; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex moderately shiny; Palaearctic (but not recorded from China), North Oriental................................................................................................. H. striolatus Cameron, 1906
- First tergite slender and 3.1–3.5 × as long as wide in lateral view (similar to tergite of H. caii ); frons laterally largely smooth; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex smooth............................................................. 14
14 First metasomal tergite subparallel-sided in lateral view; hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus yellow; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex moderately shiny; Afrotropical............................... H. elgoni Risbec, 1950 re-instated
- First metasomal tergite narrowed posteriorly in lateral view; hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus black or dark brown; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex very shiny; [= H. xinjiangensis He & Xu , [June] 2015, syn. n.]; Palaearctic: Iran, NW China (Xinjiang)................................... H. alborzicus Izadizadeh, van Achterberg & Talebi , [April] 2015
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