Pilophorus setulosus Horváth, 1905

Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nakatani, Yukinobu, 2021, Reclassification of the plant bug genus Pilophorus in Japan and key to the genera and species of Japanese Pilophorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae Phylinae), Zootaxa 4942 (1), pp. 1-40 : 28

Pilophorus setulosus Horváth, 1905

( Figs 5F , 11 H–I, 12J–K, 18I–O, 19M–O)

Pilophorus setulosus Horváth, 1905: 421 (n. sp., desc.); Yasunaga et al., 1993: 147 (diag.); Todo & Yasunaga, 1996: 43, 45

(faunal list, host); Yasunaga, 2001: 150, fig. 66 (diag.); Schuh, 2002 –2013, online catalog; Aukema, 2018, online catalog. Material examined. More than 300 specimens ( AMNH, CNC, NIAES, TYCN) collected between Jun 16 and September 28 (1987–2001) from the following localities (plants) in Japan. Hokkaido: Rebun Island: Kafukai, 45.338, 141.046 ( Rosa rugosa Thunb. ). Rishiri Island: Oniwaki, 45.141, 141.291 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp., Artemisia sp.). Kamikawa: Mts. Taisetsu, Mt.Asahidake, 200̅ 800 m alt., 43.646, 142.739 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp.); Asahikawa City, Etanbetsu, 43.888, 142.235 ( Alnus spp., Populus suaveolens Fisch. , Salix spp., Ulmus spp.); Horokanai, Moshiri-Shirakaba 44.368, 142.241 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp.); Mts. Taisetsu, Kuchanbetsu Road, 43.63, 142.96 ( Alnus spp., Betula spp., Salix spp., Populus suaveolens ). Kushiro: Kushiro City, 43.09, 144.25 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp.); Akkeshi, 43.10, 144.86 ( Salix spp.). Tokachi: Ashoro Town, 43.30, 143.62 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp.); Obihiro City, Inada Town, 42.877, 143.184 ( Salix spp.); Makubetsu Town, 42.90, 143.29 ( Salix spp.); Kami-shihoro, Tokachi-Mitsumata, 43.515, 143.120 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp.). Hidaka: Urakawa Town, 42.22, 142.79 ( Salix spp.). Ishikari: Sapporo City, Hokkaido University Campus, 43.071, 141.343 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp., Ulmus spp.); Sapporo City, Ainosato, 43.166, 141.408 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp., Ulmus spp.); Sapporo City, Jozankey, 42.941, 141.128 ( Salix spp.); Tobetsu Town, Aoyama, 43.295, 141.557 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp., Juglans mandshurica Maxim. , Quercus crispula Blume , Tilia maximowicziana Shirasawa , Artemisia spp., Sambucus sieboldiana L., Polygonum sachalinense F.Schmidt ). Shiribeshi: Niseko, Mt. Chisenupuri, 42.868865, 140.600476 ( Salix spp.); Otaru City ( Alnus spp., Salix spp.). Cape Shiretoko: Shari Town, On’nebetsu, 44.012, 144.925 ( Alnus spp., Salix spp., Artemisia sp.). Honshu: Iwate Pref., Morioka City, Shimokuriyagawa, Tohoku Agr. Exp. Center, 39.747, 141.133 ( Quercus dentata ).

Rediagnosis. Recognized by its comparatively large size; distinctly setose pronotum and hemelytron with dark, stiff, upright setae ( Fig. 5F ); almost straight, rather wide and nearly continuous median band of scale-like setae; bulbous right paramere ( Figs 11H , 18N ); rather developed apical ridge of endosoma; and uniformly distributed spinules on interramal lobe ( Fig. 19M ).

Biology. This univoltine mirid is commonly found on a variety of deciduous trees and herbs (see above) in northern part (cold temperate climate zone) of Japan.

Discussion. A dorsal habitus image and illustrations of the male genitalia provided by Schuh (1984, figs. 177, 192–198) doubtlessly correspond to P. miyamotoi ( Figs 6A , 9O , 14 P–Q); the figures were based on specimens collected by Illingworth (date not provided) from Yokohama, Japan where thermophilic evergreen broadleaf forests dominate and P. setulosus in all likelihood does not occur. Contrastingly, P. miyamotoi is a specialist of pines ( Pinus densiflora , P. koraiensis and P. thunbergii ). The Yokohama specimens are assumed to have been collected in early 20th century as the collector Illingworth visited this famous port city in June and July, 1923 ( Illingworth, 1926). These Pinus species, breeding hosts of P. miyamotoi , have traditionally been preferred in Japan and were abundantly planted also in Yokohama in early 20th century (cf. Nagasaki University Library, 2002 –2006).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Habitus images of Pilophorus spp., live adult individuals. A–B. P. satoyamanus n. sp. ♂ (images courtesy of M. Takai). C–D. P. okamotoi ♂. E. P. setulosellus n. sp. ♀ (courtesy of M. Takai). F. P. setulosus ♀.

FIGURE 6. Habitus images of conifer-inhabiting Pilophorus spp. (A–C) and Pherolepis spp. (D–H), live adults and 5th instar nymph (G). A. Pilophorus miyamotoi ♂. B. P. validicornis ♀ (image courtesy of M. Nozawa). C. P. tagoi ♀ (courtesy of M. Nozawa). D. Pherolepis hizenicus n. sp., ♂. E. Same, lateral view. F. Same, ♀. G. Same, 5th instar nymph, ♂. H. Pherolepis fasciatus ♀.

FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Pilophorus spp. A–E, I–K. P. hyotan n. sp. (from Nagasaki, Japan: A–C, K; Solkhumbu, Nepal: D–E, I–J). F–H, L–N. P. typicus (Nakhon Nayok, Thailand: F–G; India: H, L–M; Nagasaki: N). O. P. miyamotoi (Kochi Pref., Japan). P–S. P. pullulus (Amami-Oshima Is.). A– B, D, F–G, O–P. Endosoma (vesica). C, E, H, S. Phallotheca. I–N, Q–R. Parameres.

FIGURE 11. Male endosoma (vesica) and endosoma of Japanese Pilophorus spp. A. P. choii (from Otaru). B. P. erraticus (Nagasaki). C. P. pseudoperplexus (Kanagawa). D. P.okamotoi (Tsushima Is.). E. P.satoyamanus n. sp. (Kochi).F. P.setulosellus n. sp. (Hiroshima). G. Same (Nara). H. P. setulosus (Sapporo, type locality, Salix). I. Same, (Shiretoko, Artemisia).

FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs for Japanese Pilophorus spp., males (except for E, L, P: ♀). A–D. P. choii. E–K. P. erraticus. L–N. P. pseudoperplexus. O–Q. P. miyamotoi. A, E. Left-dorsolateral habitus. B, I, N. Apex of pygophore, left lateral view. C–D, J–K, Q. Endosoma (vesica).A, E. Dorsal habitus. F. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. H, L, M, O, P. Lateral habitus. G. Pygophore, dorsal view.

FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs for Pilophorus setulosellus n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. setulosus. A. Right dorsolateral habitus. B. Right lateral habitus. C, K. Ventral habitus. D. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. E, L. Pygophore, dorsal view. Scutellum. F, M. Endosoma. G, O. Metatarsus. H, N. Right paramere. I. Dorsal habitus. J. Left lateral habitus.

FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of female genitalia for Pilophorus spp.. A–C. Pilophorus okamotoi. D–F. P. satoyamanus n. sp. G–I. P. pseudoperplexus. J–L. P. setulosellus n. sp. M–O. P. setulosus. A–B, D–E, G–H, J–K, M–N. Posterior wall of bursae. C, F. Ovipositor (gonapophysis II). I, L, O. Bursa copulatrix, ventral view.