Megalopta piraha, Santos & Melo, 2014

Santos, L. M. & Melo, G. A. R., 2014, Updating the taxonomy of the bee genus Megalopta (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Augochlorini) including revision of the Brazilian species, Journal of Natural History 49 (11), pp. 575-674 : 615-618

Megalopta piraha sp. n.

( Figures 4B , 5B, C, 5F , 10D , 12E , 13E , 15C )

Diagnosis

It differs from M. yanomami sp. n. by the basal area of metapostnotum without defined external sulcus delimiting the longitudinal rugulosities, the integument light green ( Figure 4B , 12E ); the male is also distinguished by the scape enlarged gradually in direction to the apex ( Figure 13E ) and by flagellomeres without depressed and glabrous area ( Figure 10D ).

Description

Female. (1) Mandible bidentate and with supplementary teeth. (2) Labral elevation with the flattened surface. (3) Clypeus with surface between punctures on basal and central area microreticulate.(4) Central portion of supraclypeal area with dense punctation, punctures separated by <1 pd, punctation becoming sparser in the lower portion (≥ 1 pd). (5) Antenna reddish brown ( Figure 5B ). (6) Upper frons flat, not strongly declivous toward sulcus around median ocellus. (7) Ocellocular distance smaller than the F1 length ( Figure 5B ). (8) Mesoscutum adjacent to the parapsidial line densely punctured, punctures contiguous on remainder of disc. (9) Scutellum with posterior margin raised in relation to anterior margin of metanotum. (10) Metanotum with integument, in oblique view, not hidden by short plumose pilosity ( Figure 5F ). (11) Basal area of metapostnotum reddish brown with green metallic tints, its length up to 0.8× that of metanotum, centrally with a single weak longitudinal rugulosity and a few shorter and slightly impressed ones in central portion, lateral surface smooth ( Figures 4B , 5F ). (12) Mesepisternum with contiguous punctation. (13) Metepisternum with sparse pilosity, integument visible through pilosity; posterior upper margin of metepisternum unmodified, lacking a velvety process. (14) T1 with dorsal surface of disc sparsely punctured (≥ 1 pd), posterior marginal zone microreticulate between punctures. Male. (15) Scape with diameter gradually enlarging toward the apex. (16) Flagellum pale yellow ( Figure 13E ), F1– F11 not differing in diameter; F2 about as long as F3 ( Figure 13E ); F6–F11, in anterior view with the anterior and posterior margin depressed ( Figure 10D ), in posterior view with basal glabrous area at same level of remaining surface. (17) Metanotum with integument, in dorsal view, not hidden by short plumose pilosity. (18) Basal area of metapostnotum as in the female ( Figure 12E ). (19) Metepisternum as in the female. (20) 1st and 2nd tarsomeres of foreleg with longest simple setae shorter than summed length of the three apical tarsomeres. (21) S3 with longitudinal sulcus, the posterolateral margin notched. (22) S4 with medial protruding process, profile of process triangular in lateral view; basal portion glabrous; posterolateral margin notched, notch not extending to basal half of sclerite.

Measurements

Approximate body length: (13.0–14.8); maximum width of head: (3.4–4.3); intertegular distance: (3.6–4.4) mm; length of forewing with the tegula: (11.7–13.2).

Type material

Holotype female ( DZUP): BRAZIL. Amazonas : ‘ Manaus – AM \ \ PDBFF 29 /11/89\ M.L. Oliveira’ ‘1008 ’. Paratypes (61♀, 13♂): BRAZIL. Amazonas : ‘ BRASIL, AM , Fonte Boa \ 023227S – 660408W\ 27.ix.2005, arm.luz\ F.F. Xavier Fº’ (1♂, INPA); ‘MANAUS – AM \ PDBFF 21 / 12/89\ M.L. OLIVEIRA’ ‘1315’ (1♀ MEUFV); ‘MANAUS – AM \ PDBFF 29 / 11/89\ M.L. OLIVEIRA’ ‘1006’ (1♀ MEUFV); ‘MANAUS – AM \ PDBFF 23 / 1/90\ M.L. OLIVEIRA’ ‘1516’ (1♀ MEUFV); ‘MANAUS – AM \ PDBFF 23 / 1/90\ M.L. OLIVEIRA’ ‘1914’ (1♀ MEUFV); ‘MANAUS – AM \ PDBFF 8 / 1/90\ M.L. OLIVEIRA’ ‘1448’ (1♀ MEUFV); ‘MANAUS – AM \ PDBFF 24 / VI/90 \ M.L. OLIVEIRA’ ‘2325’ (1♀ MEUFV); ‘MANAUS – AM \ PDBFF 8 / VII/90\ M.L. OLIVEIRA’ ‘2389’ (1♀ MEUFV) ; ‘ BRASIL: AMAZONAS \ MANAUS – P. DAS LARANJEIRAS \ 02-VI-1981 \ Eq: JORGE ARIAS \ ARM. DE LUZ. 15M’ (1♀ INPA); ‘ Manaus – AM \ BRASIL, 10/ 12/88\ E.F. Morato’ ‘EUGENOL\ Nº13’ ‘ fornix ’ (1♀ DZUP) ; (‘ Brasil. Amazonas \ Reserva Ducke \ Am 010 Km 26’ ‘ 07-18 Dez 2005 \ M.L. Oliveira &\ E. R . F. Pereira’ ‘LO-5\ 500m’ (1♀ INPA) ; ‘ Brasil. Amazonas \ Reserva Ducke \ Am 010 Km 26’ ‘ 07-18 Dez 2005 \ M.L. Oliveira &\ E. R . F. Pereira’ ‘LO-5\ 2500m’ (1♀ INPA); ‘ BRASIL- AMAZONAS \ MANAUS RES. DUCKE \ II-1995 \ M.J.G. HOLYIN’ (1♀ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL AMAZONAS MANAUS\ Fazenda Porto Alegre \ (Reserva 3114\ 2°23 ′ 00 ″ S / 59°56 ′ 35 ″ W’ \ 14-15/VIII/1996 \ Hutchings, R . W. H. &\ Hutchings, R . S. G. col.’ ‘ Arm. tipo Pennsylvania \ C/cianeto de potássio\ (Roger W. Hutchings)\ Luz negra( UV-BL)’ ‘0019536’ (1♀ INPA); ‘ BR AM MANAUS\ ZF-03 km 23 Res. 1112\ 2°26 ′ 02 ″ S / 59°51 ′ 15 ″ W \ 20/II/1986 ( RLE)\ KLEIN, BERT col.’ ‘FAZ.ESTEIO’ ‘MALAISE’ (1♀ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL AM Manaus ZF-2\ km-14, Torre, 023521S-\ 600655W, 18–21.v.2004 \ lenço, luz mista e BLB, lençol’ ‘40 mts altura, J.A. Rafael \ F.B. Baccaro, F.F. Xavier Fº\ & A. Silva Fº.’ (1♀ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL AM Manaus ZF-2\ km-14, Torre, 023521S-\ 600655W, 16–19.iv.2004 \ luz mista/BLB, lençol’ ‘40 mts altura, J.A. Rafael \ C.S. Motta, A. Silva Fº,\ J.M.F. Ribeiro. ’ (1♂ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL, AM , Manaus ,\ Estrada ZF-2, 01.x.2005,\ arm. luz móvel, J.A. Rafael’ ‘ F.F. Xavier Fº, R . Machado \ A.A. Agudelo & Y.K. Dantas’ (1♂ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL AM Manaus, ZF-\ 2 km 34, Base LBA,\ 02°35 ′ 37 ″ S – 60°12 ′ 39 ″ W’ ‘ 09-10.vii.2008. arm. luz\ nível do solo, J.A. Rafael \ & F.F. Xavier Fº’ (1♀ INPA); ‘ BRA, AM , Manaus \ PDBFF – Colosso \ 02°23 ′ 58 ″ S – 59°52 ′ 20 ″ W \ 1–4.xii.2009 \ D. Storck-Tonon Leg. ’ (2♀ INPA); ‘ BRA, AM , Manaus \ PDBFF – Colosso \ 02°23 ′ 58 ″ S – 59°52 ′ 20 ″ W \ 11–15.i.2010 \ D. Storck-Tonon Leg. ’ (6♀ INPA); ‘ BRA, AM , Manaus \ PDBFF – Colosso \ 02°23 ′ 58 ″ S – 59°52 ′ 20 ″ W \ 9–12. ii.2010 \ D. Storck-Tonon Leg. ’ (13♀ INPA); ‘ BRA, AM , Manaus \ PDBFF – Colosso \ 02°23 ′ 58 ″ S – 59°52 ′ 20 ″ W \ 28–30.iv.2010 \ D. Storck-Tonon Leg. ’ (2♀ INPA); ‘ BRA, AM , Manaus \ PDBFF – Colosso \ 02°23 ′ 58 ″ S – 59°52 ′ 20 ″ W \ 18–20.v.2010 \ D. Storck- Tonon Leg. ’ (4♀ INPA); ‘ BRA, AM , Manaus \ PDBFF – Colosso \ 02°23 ′ 58 ″ S – 59°52 ′ 20 ″ W \ 23–27.vi.2010 \ D. Storck-Tonon Leg. ’ (3♀ INPA); ‘ BRA, AM , Manaus \ PDBFF – Colosso \ 02°23 ′ 58 ″ S – 59°52 ′ 20 ″ W \ 27–29.iii.2010 \ D. Storck-Tonon Leg. ’ (5♀ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL, Amazonas \ Novo Aripuanã , Rio \ Madeira , Lago Xadá , Comunidade Bela \ Vista. Ponto 1.\ Margem Esquerda’ ‘ 05°15 ′ 39 ″ S / 60°42 ′ 32 ″ W. 17–23.IV.2005 \ Xavier- Fo, F.F.;\ Godoi, F. & Lourido,\ A.M. leg.’ (1♂ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL, AM , MANAQUIRI \ LAGO JANUACÁ RIO \ SOLIMÕES\ 03°24 ′ 21 ″ S / 60°13 ′ 99 ″ W’ ‘12-13/IV/96\ COL: DIAZ , G.A. ’ ‘ HYMENOPTERA : HALICTIDAE’ (1♂ INPA) ; ‘ BRASIL, Amazonas, Pq. Nac. Jau, Rio Carabinani ,\ 0159S-6132W, 07–17.iv.\ 1994, C. Motta e outros’ (4♀, 2♂ INPA); ‘ Taracuá \ (Rio Uapés) – AM \ Brasil-VIII-1964\ Pereira & Machado’ (1♂ MZUSP). Pará : ‘ Canindé \ Rio Gurupi, Pará \ IV.1963 \ B. Malkin’ (1♂ MZUSP) ; ‘ BRASIL Pará Ourém \ Patauateua \ 21-VIII-1992 ’ ‘ Brasil Pará \ B. Mascarenhas’ (1♂ MPEG) ; ‘ BRASIL Pará Ourém \ Patauateua \ 1-IV-1994 ’\ ‘ Brasil Pará \ B. Mascarenhas’ (1♂ MPEG) ; ‘ BRASIL, Pará \ Oriximiná , Porto Trombetas \ Platô Aviso \ 12/II/2008 \

0554685/9806548 UTM\ Y. Antonini, M.L. Oliveira leg.’ (2♀ INPA); ‘ BRASIL, Pará\ Oriximiná, Porto Trombetas\ Platô Saracá\ 12/II/2008 \ 0555958/9812404 UTM\ Y. Antonini, M.L. Oliveira leg.’ (4♀ INPA). Rondônia: ‘ Brasil Rondônia \ Ji-Paraná Gleba G \ Est. Rio Machado \ 14. VI .1983’ ‘ Brasil RO \ J. R . Arias’ (1♂ MPEG); Rondônia \ Vilhena\ 22 vii – 5.viii 1983 \ F.J.A. Peralta’ ‘25\ ARM\ LUZ’ (1♂ INPA) .

Distribution

BRAZIL. Amazonas: Fonte Boa, Manaquiri, Manaus, Novo Airão, Novo Aripuanã. Pará: Ourém, Oriximiná. Rondônia: Ji-Paraná, Vilhena ( Figure 15C ).

Etymology

The specific epithet honours the ‘Pirahã’ or ‘Mura-Pirahã’, the name for an ethnic group of South American natives, descendents of the ‘Mura’, used here as a noun in apposition. The Pirahã inhabit a tract of lands traversed by the Marmelos river and almost the entire length of the Maici river, located in the municipality of Humaitá, in Amazonas, northern Brazil ( Gonçalves 2000).

Figures

Figure 4. Females of Megalopta. (A‒E) Posterolateral view of mesosoma; (A) Megalopta yanomami sp. n. from Parauapebas, Brazil; (B) M. piraha sp. n. from Manaus, Brazil; (C) M. munduruku sp. n. from Belterra, Brazil; (D) M. cuprea Friese from Nigrillani, Bolivia; (E) M. sodalis Vachal from Antonina, Brazil; (F) frontal view of head of M. xavante sp. n from Nova Xavantina, Brazil. Scale bar 1 mm.

Figure 5. Females of Megalopta. (A, C) Lateral view of basitibial plate; (A) Megalopta xavante sp. n. from Nova Xavantina, Brazil; (B) frontal view of head in the female of M. piraha sp. n. from Manaus, Brazil; (C) M. piraha sp. n. from Manaus, Brazil; (D) lateral view of mesosoma of M. amoena from Alenquer, Brazil; (E, F) dorsal view of mesosoma; (E) M. yanomami sp. n. from Parauapebas, Brazil; (F) M. piraha sp. n. from Manaus, Brazil. Scale bar 1 mm.

Figure 10. Males of Megalopta. (A, C) Frontal view of head; (B, D) frontal view of flagellomeres; (A) M. purpurata Smith (holotype) from Tefé, Brazil; (B) M. atlantica Santos & Silveira from Ipanema, Brazil; (C) M. yanomami sp. n. from Parauapebas, Brazil; (D) M. piraha sp. n. from Manaus, Brazil; (E) lateral view of sternum 4 of M. guarani sp. n. from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil; (F) posterolateral view of basal area of mesosoma M. guarani sp. n. from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil. Scale bar 1 mm, except in E, scale bar 0.1 mm.

Figure 12. Males of Megalopta. (A‒C) Habitus, dorsal view; (A) M. xavante sp. n. from Nova Xavantina, Brazil; (B) M. atlantica Santos & Silveira from Ipanema, Brazil; (C) M. purpurata (holotype) Smith from Tefé, Brazil; (D‒F) posterolateral view of mesosoma; (D) M. yanomami sp. n. from Parauapebas, Brazil; (E) M. piraha sp. n. from Manaus, Brazil; (F) M. munduruku sp. n. from Belterra, Brazil. Scale bar 1 mm.

Figure 13. Males of Megalopta. (A, B) Posterolateral view of mesosoma; (C, E) frontal view of head; (D) frontal view of flagellomeres; (A) M. cuprea Friese from Santa Cruz, Bolivia; (B) M. sodalis Vachal from Antonina, Brazil; (C, D) M. yanomami sp. n. from Parauapebas, Brazil; (E) M. piraha sp. n. from Manaus, Brazil; (F) M. cuprea Friese from Espejo, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Scale bar 1 mm.

Figure 15. Distribution records of Megalopta species. (A) M. chaperi Vachal; (B) M. guimaraesi Santos & Silveira (black circles) and M. mura sp. n. (grey squares); (C) M. piraha sp. n (grey squares) and M. yanomami sp. n. (black circles); (D) M. atlantica Santos & Silveira (grey square), M. guarani sp. n (triangle), M. xavante sp. n (hexagon), M. karitiana sp. n (black circle), M. mapinguari sp. n (black square) and M. purpurata Smith (grey circle).