Newmanella spinosus, Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2016

Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2016, First discovery of a new species of Newmanella Ross, 1969 (Balanomorpha: Tetraclitidae) in the western Pacific, with a note on the new status of Neonrosella Jones, 2010, Zootaxa 4098 (2), pp. 201-226 : 212-220

Newmanella spinosus sp. nov.

Figures 9–15

Newmanella radiata .— Chan et al. 2009: 199, fig. 170 (non N. radiata (Bruguière 1789)) .—Shuto & Hayashi 2013: 159, fig. 3c (non N. radiata (Bruguière 1789)) .

Newmanella sp. Tsang et al., 2015: 325 fig. 1A, 327 fig. 2.

Material examined. Holotype. NMNS-006535-00001 . 1 specimen. Shih-Ti-Ping Harbor , Hualien County, Taiwan 23°29’39.4”N 121°30’20.0”E (23 Mar. 2007). Paratype. NMNS-006535-00002 . 2 specimens. Cheng Gong , Taitung County, Taiwan (23°11.27’N, 121°33.27’E, 12 Mar. 2009). CEL-New-sp-14 . 1 specimen. Turtle Island , Yilan County, Taiwan (10 Sep. 2007). CEL-New-sp-15 . 1 specimen. Citou Penghu County, Taiwan (25 Feb. 2011). CEL-New-sp- 16-22 . 7 specimens. Hepingdao, Keelung City , Taiwan (2–3 Mar. 2007). CEL-New-sp- 23-25 . 3 specimens. Data same as holotype. CEL-New-G63-2 , 3, 5. 3 specimens. Site 10, Puerto Galera , the Philippines 13°30.01’N, 120°58.11’E (4 Jun. 2009). CEL-New-sp-1 , 2, 3, 5. 4 specimens. Data same as holotype. CEL-Newsp-6-10 . 5 specimens. Data same as paratype.

Diagnosis. Parietes green, or with white and green radiating lines. Depressor muscle crests on scutum very deep. Anterior and posterior rami of cirrus II and posterior ramus of cirrus IV bearing triangular spines. Fourth and fifth teeth of mandible separated, fifth located in middle portion of the lower margin. Cutting edge of maxillule below notch protruding.

Description. Shell green, low conic; surface squamose or smooth with radiating lines which branch basally ( Fig. 9 A, F). Orifice pentagonal, diamond-shaped; radii broad with horizontal striations, summits oblique ( Fig. 9 A, B, F); summits of alae less oblique than summits of radii ( Fig. 9 G). Base of parietes with more than 1 row of irregularly sized tubes, shell basis calcareous ( Fig. 9 B). Scutum narrow, triangular, height about 1.5 times width; length of articular ridge about half length of tergal margin; adductor furrow deep, broad; crest for lateral scutal depressor muscle very deep, broad, triangular in shape ( Fig. 9 D); dorsal surface of scutum with horizontal striations ( Fig. 9 E). Tergum high, narrow; scutal margin straight with large serrated teeth; articular ridge high, wide; spur prominent; crests for lateral tergal depressor muscle numerous, deep ( Fig. 9 C); when articulated, tergum covering almost 1/4 scutum ( Fig. 9 C).

Cirrus I with posterior ramus very short, about half length of anterior ramus; posterior ramus 9-segmented, anterior ramus 16-segmented ( Fig. 10 A); segments of posterior ramus protuberant ( Fig. 10 B), segments of anterior rami normal ( Fig. 10 C); setae on ramus serrulate ( Fig. 10 D). Cirrus II with anterior and posterior rami similar in length, both with protuberant segments, both rami 10-segmented ( Fig. 10 E); distal 1–8 segments of lesser curvature of posterior ramus bearing triangular spines ( Fig. 10 E); lesser curvature of segments 3–7 of anterior ramus bearing triangular spines ( Fig. 10 E, F, G); both rami bearing serrulate setae ( Fig. 10 H). Cirrus III, posterior ramus antenniform, 21-segmented, anterior rami non-antenniform, 13-segmented ( Fig. 11 A); lesser curvature of first 5 distal segments to most proximal segment of anterior ramus and first 12 distal segments to most proximal segment of posterior ramus bearing triangular shaped spines ( Fig. 11 A); both rami bearing serrulate and bidentate setae ( Fig. 11 E–H). Cirri IV–VI long, slender; anterior and posterior rami similar in length ( Figs 12 , 13 ); basis of cirri IV to VI not bearing triangular spines ( Figs. 12 B, C; 13B, E); proximal segment of greater curvature of anterior and posterior rami bearing saw-like spines ( Figs 12 D, C, F). Cirrus IV with anterior and posterior rami 19-segmented ( Fig. 12 A); lesser curvature of posterior ramus bearing triangular spines. Cirrus V, anterior ramus 22-segmented, posterior ramus 23-segmented ( Fig. 13 A). Cirrus VI, both anterior and posterior rami 23-segmented ( Fig. 13 D). Intermediate segments of cirri IV–VI of anterior and posterior rami bearing 2 pairs of long setae and 1 pair of short setae ( Figs. 12 E–H, 13G, H). Penis without basi-dorsal point; annulations along whole length; setae sparsely distributed ( Fig. 13 I); tip with a few bundles of setae ( Fig. 13 J).

Maxilla bi-lobate, taller than broad, serrulate setae on both lobes ( Fig. 14 A–C). Maxillule with V-shaped notch, two large spines above notch, cutting margin below notch slightly protruding, straight, with 8 large setae ( Fig. 14 D–F). Mandible with 5 teeth, first largest, separated from remainder, fifth smallest, separated from fourth, located at middle position of lower margin, second and third bidentate, fourth with cutting edge serrated ( Fig. 14 G– H); lower margin short, with fine setae; inferior angle sharp with 2 larger setae ( Fig. 14 H). Mandibulatory palp rectangular, with serrulate setae on superior margin ( Fig. 15 A–D). Labrum notched, notch V-shaped, with 2 large teeth right side and 5 teeth on left side of the cutting margin ( Fig. 15 E–H).

Etymology. This species is named for having numerous spines on its cirri, especially on cirrus II, which is diagnostic and separates Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. from the morphologically close species N. radiata .

Distribution. Currently, Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. is recorded from Okinawan (Shuto & Hayashi 2013, identified as N. radiata ), Taiwan and the Philippines ( Fig. 1 ), suggesting its distribution may be affected by the Kuroshio Current.

Figures

FIGURE 1. The West Pacific, showing the sampling locations and distribution of Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. Black circles indicate the presence of Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. Open circles indicate absence of Newmanella. The black circle in Okinawa is the record in Shuto & Hayashi, 2013 (recorded as N. radiata).

FIGURE 9. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Anterior view of shell. B. Basal view of shell showing the parietal tubes. C. Articulated scutum and tergum. D. Separated scutum and tergum. E. Dorsal side of scutum and tergum. F. Another form of shell, with green squamose pattern. G. Side view of shell. H. Scutum and tergum.

FIGURE 10. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Cirrus I. B. Magnified view on posterior ramus of cirrus I. C. Magnified view of anterior ramus. D. Distal segment of anterior ramus. E. Cirrus II. F. Anterior ramus. G. Triangular spines of cirrus II. H. Serrulate setae of anterior ramus. ant—anterior ramus. pos—posterior ramus. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 11. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Cirrus III. B. Basis of cirrus III, showing absence of triangular spines. C. Anterior ramus. D. Magnified view of triangular spines on anterior ramus. E. Distal segment of anterior ramus, showing serrulate setae. F. Serrulate setae. G. Bidentate serrulate setae. H. Distal segment of posterior ramus. ant—anterior ramus. posposterior ramus. Double arrows indicate segments that bear triangular spines. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 12. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Cirrus IV. B. Proximal segment of anterior ramus. C. Basis showing absence of triangular spines. D. Spines on greater curvature of proximal segment of anterior ramus. E, F. Intermediate segments of anterior and posterior rami. G. Triangular spines on anterior ramus. H. Distal segment of anterior ramus. ant—anterior ramus. posposterior ramus. Double arrows indicate segments that bear triangular spines. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 13. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Cirrus V. B. Basis of cirrus V. C. Greater curvature of proximal segment of anterior ramus. D. Cirrus VI. E. Basis of cirrus VI. F. Greater curvature of proximal segment of anterior ramus. G. Intermediate segment of cirrus VI. H. Intermediate segments of anterior ramus. I. Penis. J. Distal end of penis. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 14. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Maxilla. B, C. Serrulate setae on maxilla. D. Maxillule. E Notch of maxillule. F. Protruding cutting margin of maxillule below notch. G. Mandible. H. Teeth 1 – 4 of mandible, note position of tooth 5 is located at middle of lower margin. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 15. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Mandibulatory palp. B. Serrulate setae on mandibulatory palp. C. Surface of palp. D. Serrulate setae on posterior margin of palp. E. Labrum. F. Teeth on right side of labrum. G, H. Teeth on left side of labrum. Scale bar in µm.