Campiglossa melanochroa ( Hering, 1941 )

Han, Ho-Yeon, 2019, Ten species of the subfamily Tephritinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) newly recorded in Korea, Journal of Species Research 8 (3), pp. 294-312 : 299-301

4. Campiglossa melanochroa ( Hering, 1941)

flệŭẖṻƞ (ṵḍ) ( Fig. 3A- F )

Paroxyna melanochroa Hering, 1941: 30 (type locality - China, Heilongjiang, Charbin [Harbin]; holotype $, BMNH); Norrbom et al., 1999: 112 (in world catalog as synonym of C. luxorientis ); Korneyev, 1996: 119 (erroneous new junior synonym of C. luxorientis - see Remarks of C. luxorientis ).

Paroxyna dorema Hering, 1941: 29 (type locality - China, Heilongjian, Sjaolin [Xiaoling]; holotype ♂, BMNH); Korneyev and Ovchinnikova, 2004: 543 (synonym of P. melanochroa Hering ).

Campiglossa melanochroa : Wang, 1998: 255, 266 (in East Asian Campiglossa key; diagnosis and distribution); Korneyev and Ovchinnikova, 2004: 543 (in Russian Far East key); Korneyev, 2004: 8 (resurrected from synonymy of C. luxorientis ).

Diagnosis. This is a highly variable species with sexually dimorphic wing pattern. Male wing tends to be paler and have more numerous tiny hyaline spots ( Fig. 3C vs. E). This species can be distinguished from any other Korean Campiglossa species by the combination of the following characteristics: 1) body dark brown ground color with moderate grey to dark brown pruinosity; 2) scutum with six longitudinal brownish grey strips in darker background ( Fig. 3D, F ); 3) middle 1/3 of male wing cell r 2 + 3 predominantly hyaline due to 3 oversized hyaline spots in pale grey background ( Fig. 3 C- a), apical 1/3 with 4-5 moderate sized hyaline spots in dark grey background; 4) middle 1/3 of female wing cell r 2 + 3 clearly with 3 large hyaline spots in darker background ( Fig. 3 E-a), apical 1/3 with 2 hyaline spots (often merged) subapically. The closely related species, C. luxorientis can be easily distinguished by its much paler body coloration ( Figs. 3 vs. 2).

Description of Korean material. Wing length 3.7-4.5 mm; most setae on head and thorax strong, dark brown, but most setulae ivory white; head and legs predominantly yellowish brown but thorax and abdomen predominantly dark brown with moderate grey to brown pruinosity. Head yellowish brown to brown with large and geniculate mouthparts; genal seta strong, ivory white; with two dark brown frontal setae; anterior orbital seta dark brown but posterior seta ivory white; ocellar seta dark brown, distinctly longer than anterior orbital seta. Thorax matte dark brown ground color with greyish pruinosity; scutum with 6 longitudinal greyish strips often traced in clean specimen; scutellum dark brown; pleura mostly greyish; both notopleural setae dark brown; scutellum with apical setae crossed near apex, about half as long as basal seta; upper anepisternal seta strong, dark brown but lower anepisternal seta thick and ivory white, about 2/3 as long as upper one; katepisternal seta strong, dark brown; anepimeral seta thick and strong, white. Legs yellowish brown but fore and hind femora with dark brown tinge; fore femur with 6-7 yellowish white postero-ventral setae; mid coxal seta strong, white. Male wing mostly pale grey to dark grey with numerous round hyaline spots in variable sizes; cell bc hyaline; cell c hyaline with grey spot in middle; pterostigma dark grey with large round yellowish hyaline spot in middle; cell r 1 apical to pterostigma with 3 large but obscure hyaline spots touching each other (additional spots, if any, much smaller); basal 1/3 of cell r 2 + 3 grey with 7-9 tiny yellowish hyaline spots, middle 1/3 predominantly hyaline due to 3 oversized hyaline spots in pale grey background, apical 1/3 with 4-6 moderate sized hyaline spots in grey background; cell r 4 +5 with numerous hyaline spots including round apical spot; cell m with at least 10 variably sized hyaline spots. Female wing mostly dark grey with numerous round hyaline spots in variable sizes; cell br hyaline; cell c hyaline with dark spot in middle; pterostigma brown to dark brown with large round hyaline spot in middle; cell r 1 apical to pterostigma with 3 large clearly defined hyaline spots (any additional spots, if any, much smaller); basal 1/3 of cell r 2+ 3 almost completely dark grey with 2-3 tiny spots, middle 1/3 clearly with 3 large hyaline spots in grey to dark grey background, apical 1/3 with 2 large hyaline spots (often merged) subapically; cell r 4 + 5 with about 10 variably sized hyaline spots including apical spot; cell m with 4 clearly large round spot plus few much smaller spots antero-basally. Abdomen matte dark brown ground color with greyish longitudinal mid-stripe often traced in clean specimen; oviscape about as long as or longer than preceding 2 segments, often shiny brown with basal and apical portions dark brown, but rarely entirely dark brown.

Material examined. KOREA: Gangwon-do : Jeongseon-gun , Jeongseon-eup , Mt. Gariwangsan from Mahangchi to 1561 m peak, col. 11.X.2005, em 2.XI.2005, ex Aster subulatus Michx. , flower, H.-Y. Han et al., 1♂ 1$; Jeongseon-gun , Nam-myeon , Mt. Mindungsan, from Yupyeong-ri to 1119 m peak, N37°16 ʹ 15 ʺ E128°46 ʹ 30 ʺ, col. 26.IX.1998, em. X.1998, ex Aster tataricus L. flow- er, H.-Y. Han and K.-E. Ro, 7♂ ; ditto, col. 30.VIII.2000, em. 18-19.XI.2000, ex Aster sp. flower, H.-Y. Han et al .; ditto, col. 6.X.2001, em. 9-26.XI.2001, ex Aster tataricus L. flower, 7♂ ; ditto, col. 6.X.2001, em. 26-30.X.2001, ex Aster ageratoides Turcz. Flower , 2♂ 9$; ditto, col. 29.IX.2002, em. 18.X-20.XI.2002, ex Aster tataricus L. flower, 12♂ 11$; ditto, col. 25.IX.2003, em. 13-20. IX.2003, ex Aster tataricus L. flower, 31♂ 43$; ditto, col. 15.X.2004, em. 17.X-7.XI.2004, ex Aster tataricus L. flower, 15♂ 13$; ditto, 14.V.2006, 1$; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon , north valley of Mt. Gyebangsan, 26.V.2006, H.-Y. Han and H.-W. Byun, 1$. All deposited in YSUW .

Distribution. Korea, China (Heilongjiang), Russian Far East.

Biology. In Korea, many specimens have been emerged from flower heads of the following Aster species: A. ageratoides Turcz. , A. scaber Thunb. , A. subulatus Michx. , and A. tataricus L. The flower heads were collected between September and November, and the flies emerged between September and November in the same year. Since some adults (mostly not looking fresh) were collect- ed in early spring (late March to April), I believe that they are likely to overwinter as adult stage. However, I do not know whether this species is univoltine or has additional earlier alternative host plants. Korneyev (1996) also found some Russian Far East specimens in SIZK with the labels indicating that they emerged from Kamimeris hispida (Thunb.) Nees [ Asteraceae ].

Remarks. This species appears to be closely related to C. luxorientis , which also shows similar sexual wing dimorphism. These two species could not be separated by DNA barcode sequences (unpublished personal data), but can easily be distinguished by their morphological characters. Please see the Remarks of C. luxorientis for further discussion. The new Korean name of this species translates as “aster (especially the Aster plants for spring salads in Korea) Campiglossa fly” referring to its host plants.

Figures

Fig. 3. Campiglossa melanochroa (Hering, 1941). A. male, latero-dorsal view; B. female, dorsal view; C. male, lateral view, D. male, dorsal view; E. female, lateral view; F. female dorsal view.