Synophrus olivieri Kieffer, 1898

Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, Zootaxa 4521 (4), pp. 451-498 : 479

Synophrus olivieri Kieffer, 1898

Host plants. Israel: Q. ithaburensis . Elsewhere: Q. suber and Q. ithaburensis .

Host gall-wasp: Unknown.

Life history. Known only from the sexual generation, which develops in extremely hard, multi-chambered galls of irregular shape, up to 30 mm in diameter, of the same color of the branch ( Fig. 42 ; Sternlicht 1968b, Figs 10–11 ).

Phenology. Galls develop in spring and adults emerge from them in March of the following year.

Distribution. Israel: Mezar, Bet Keshet Forest, Hosha’aya, Alonim, Tiv’on, HaSharon Forest. Elsewhere: North Africa, Asia Minor.

Figures

FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation.

FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation.

FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall.