Glyphiulus guangnanensis, Jiang, Xuankong, Guo, Xuan, Chen, Huiming & Xie, Zhicai, 2018

Jiang, Xuankong, Guo, Xuan, Chen, Huiming & Xie, Zhicai, 2018, Four new species of the Glyphiulusjavanicus group from southern China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae), ZooKeys 741, pp. 155-179 : 163-165

Glyphiulus guangnanensis sp. n. Figs 1C, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

Type material.

Holotype male, China: Yunnan Province, Guangnan County, Bamei Town, Ake Village, Miaopu Cave, 24°14.767'N, 105°05.384'E, alt. 690 m, 8 Jan. 2017, X.K. Jiang, H.M. Chen & X. Guo leg. (IBGAS). Paratypes: 9 males, 12 females and 9 juveniles, same date and locality as holotype (IBGAS).

Etymology.

This specific name is derived from the type locality.

Diagnosis.

The new species can be diagnosed by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) all crests on collum fully developed, carinotaxic formula 1a+2c+ III–IV+5c+6a+pc+ma+pc+6a+5c+IV–III +2c+1a; (2) metatergal crests not divided, carinotaxic formula 2+I/i+3+I/i+2 (3) telopodite of male legs I complete, not degenerated, five-segmented; (4) anterior gonopod possessing a coxosternal mesal process and a coxosternal lateral process, coxosternal mesal process with a long and sharp tip, coxosternal lateral process with a blunt tip; (5) flagellum of posterior gonopod extremely long and smooth, slightly curved. See also Key below.

Description.

Body segments with 56-73p + 1a + T (holotype 73p + 1a + T). Body size of ca. 38-55 mm long and 2.0-2.3 mm wide (holotype 54 and 2.3 mm, respectively).

Colouration. Brown to dark brown in vivo (Fig. 1C); taupe to red-brown in fixed condition (Fig. 12 A–F).

Head. Each eye patch with 9-12 pigmented ocelli arranged in 2-3 irregular vertical rows (Fig. 12B). Antennae slender, 2.20-2.38 mm long. Terminal part of antennomeres V slightly expanded (Fig. 12B). Gnathochilarium with a separate promentum, polytrichous (Fig. 13A).

Collum. All crests developed, carinotaxic formula 1a+2c+ III–IV+5c+6a+pc+ma+pc+6a+5c+IV–III +2c+1a (Fig. 12A, B).

Body segments. Postcollum constriction modest (Fig. 12A). Metaterga strongly crested (Fig. 12 A–F). All metatergal crests undivided (Fig. 12 A–D, F), carinotaxic formula 2+I/i+3+I/i+2. Anterior part of crest round and broad, posterior part strip-shaped. Ozoporiferous tubercles large and round, as high as broad. Lateral crests fully developed. Midbody rings round in cross-section (Fig. 13E), 1.70-2.01 mm high (vertical diameter) and 1.74-2.08 mm wide (horizontal diameter), the ratio of height to width 0.96-0.99.

Telson. Epiproct with a rounded caudal ridge and an evident, axial, dorsal rib (Fig. 12F). Paraproct convex, with an evident depression near caudal edge, polytrichous. Hypoproct crescent-shaped (Fig. 12E, F).

Walking legs. 2.64-2.80 mm long, obviously longer than body width (Fig. 13E, F).

Male sexual characters. Telopodite of male legs I complete, five-segmented (Fig. 13B). Penes rather broad and round (Fig. 13C). Male legs II and III modified as usual (Fig. 13C, D). Femora VI and VII normal, not inflated.

Anterior gonopods. Coxosternum shield-like, sunken medially. Distal part of coxosternum with a deep indentation, the latter separating a mesal process and a lateral process. Coxosternal mesal process digitiform, obviously higher than telopodite. Coxosternal lateral process broad, with a blunt tip, nearly as high as telopodite. Telopodite short, one-segmented with thin and round tip and a field of microsetae at base (Figs 14A, 15A, 16A).

Posterior gonopods. Mediolateral margins of coxite brush-like. Flagella smooth, curved and extremely long. Lateral margin with a field of microsetae (Figs 14B, 15B, 16B).

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality, a cave in Guangnan County, Yunnan Province.

Notes.

Since the definitions of Glyphiulus and Hypocambala are still uncertain, this new species may be a member of Hypocambala . Mauriès (1977) considered that the two genera are distinguished only by the absence ( Hypocambala ) and presence ( Glyphiulus ) of transverse crests on body. Golovatch et al. (2011) dealt with the crests as a species-level character, and transferred Glyphiulus vietnamicus Mauriès, 1977 to Hypocambala based on the complete male legs I. However, this arrangement didn’t fully resolve this problem. In the genus Glyphiulus , there are still several species which present the same feature of male legs I and were not transferred to Hypocambala , for example G. costulifer , G. intermedius , G. parobliteratus , G. percostulifer , G. pulcher , and G. semicostulifer . A serious revision of the two genera is definitely needed but until then, this new species is assigned to Glyphiulus .

Usually, one cave supports one species of Cambalopsidae ( Likhitrakarn et al. 2017). However, in our investigations, it was found that two species ( G. guangnanensis sp. n. and G. foetidus sp. n.) could coexist in one place (Miaopu Cave), possibly due to the fact that they are troglophilic. Besides this, sympatry is also true for G. semigranulatus (likely troglophilic) and G. obliteratus (presumably troglobitic) which coexist in another cave (Bailong Cave).