Caledophora, Ament & Brown, 2017
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2017.1390176 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6263E01-F2EF-4204-89D6-55BFD7A7AC00 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D5F4FD0-1329-437B-9300-4189AA3A4EE7 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:9D5F4FD0-1329-437B-9300-4189AA3A4EE7 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Caledophora |
| status |
gen. nov. |
Caledophora View in CoL gen. nov.
Type species: Caledophora irwini Ament and Brown. Refs : Ament 2017: ‘New genus from New Caledonia’.
Diagnosis
Male. Frons setulose, without median furrow ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (b,e)). Frontal setation 4-4-4, with two proclinate supra-antennal setae. First flagellomere globose. Aristomeres elongated. Anepisternum bare, posterior furrow extending through half of the anepisternum; lateral parapsidal suture long; limit between meron and katepisternum marked by a suture ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (g)). Scutellum with two small lateral and two large medial setae. Fore tibia with one dorsal seta, mid tibia with basal pair of setae on basal third and anterior pre-apical seta. Hind tibia with one anterodorsal seta at basal third, one anterodorsal pre-apical seta, and two large ventral apical setae. Wing vein R 2+3 absent; R 4+5 slightly angulated near M 1 base ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (c,f)). Terminalia relatively large; epandrium connected under hypoproct; right lateral side of epandrium extended posteriorly. Hypandrium with two bare lobes of about equal size ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 ).
Female. Similar to males, but with hind tibia lacking large setae on the basal third. Proboscis slightly elongated ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (a)). Tergite 7 absent, T8 vestigial, T9+T10 conspicuous ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (b,c)). Sternite 7 conspicuous, narrow; other sternites absent. Cercus cylindrical.
Etymology
The genus name refers to New Caledonia, where all specimens have been collected.
Comments
Caledophora may be differentiated from most other members of the Bothroprosopa group sensu Ament (2017) mainly by its lack of the wing vein R 2+3 and hypopygium not being expanded dorsoventrally. These characteristics are also present in Wharia and Minicosta , however, from which Caledophora may be separated by its three complete setal rows on frons (4-4-4) and light brown body colour.
Phylogenetic position
Caledophora is probably closely related to the genera of the Bothroprosopa -group of Brown (1992) and Ament (2017). This can be inferred by the possible synapomorphies
shared among these genera: elongated aristomeres 1 and 2 and epandrium connecting under hypoproct.
Biogeography
Based on the close relationships of some New Caledonia taxa to other South American, New Zealand and African groups, some authors have inferred that the New Caledonia biota had a Gondwanan origin (e.g. Pagel 2003). However, geological evidence indicates that New Caledonia was completely submersed during a period within the Palaeocene–Oligocene, suggesting that its actual biota is entirely the consequence of later recolonization ( Paris 1981; Grandcolas et al. 2008). In general, the dated phylogenies obtained for taxa in these areas are consistent with the geological inferences, with dispersal being relatively recent ( Grandcolas et al. 2008). We consider a scenario in which the New Caledonia biota dispersed in the Oligocene (or later) from nearby localities, in the case of Caledophora perhaps New Zealand, the best explanation of the evidence.
Male–female species level association
We did not associate males with females as we could not find conspicuous differences among the females examined.
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