Sivaloka Distant, 1906

Chang, Zhi-Min, Yang, Lin & Chen, Xiang-Sheng, 2020, First records of the genera Sivaloka Distant, 1906, with two new species from China, and description of a new species of genus Kodaianella Fennah, 1956 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae), ZooKeys 917, pp. 85-104 : 85

Genus Sivaloka Distant, 1906 Figs 29-35 , 36-43 , 44-55

Sivaloka Distant 1906: 352; Gnezdilov 2013: 42.

Type species.

Sivaloka limacodes Distant, 1906.

Diagnostic characters.

Body size small (Figs 30 , 45 ). Width of head (Figs 31 , 46 ) including eyes, narrower or broader than pronotum. Vertex (Figs 31 , 46 ) irregularly quadrangular, with width at base more than 2.5 times longer than length at middle; disc of vertex distinctly depressed, with feeble median carina; anterior margin convexly arched; posterior margin obviously concavely arched; lateral margins parallel. Gena (Figs 32 , 47 ) with one obvious ocellus between compound eye and antenna in lateral view. Frons (Figs 33 , 48 ) irregularly hexagonal, with obvious median carina on basal half, feeble carina or no carina on apical half, nearly reaching to frontoclypeal suture, without lateral carinae; broader than length in middle, the base slightly narrowed, broader toward to apical margin, obviously enlarged above clypeus; lateral margins not parallel, with verrucae near lateral margins. Clypeus (Figs 33 , 48 ) triangular, with or without median carina. Rostrum (Fig. 33 ) surpassing mesotrochanters. Pronotum (Figs 31 , 46 ) triangular, with median carina or degraded, with lateral carinae; with pit each other between median carina and lateral carinae, without sub-lateral carinae; apical margin obtuse-angle convex; posterior margin nearly straight. Mesonotum (Figs 31 , 46 ) triangular, with or without median carina, with raised sub-lateral carina. Forewings (Figs 36 , 49 ) irregularly quadrangular, length ca 1.4-2.0 times longer than maximum width; anterior margin clearly arched; posterior margin slightly wavy; apical margin obliquely truncated in lateral view; longitudinal veins obvious, the base narrow, broader toward to the apical part; with broad "hypocostal plate", with spherical expansion near ScP vein in basal 1/3 of forewings, ScP and RP convergent near base, ScP and RP veins long, not forked, reaching apical margin of forewing; MP bifurcating two branches before middle, MP1 forked near apical margin, MP2 forked or not near apical margin; CuA forked into brances near apical part; CuP present; Pcu and A1 united near middle of clavus, keel-shaped, especially A1 obviously keeled in lateral view. Hindwings (Fig. 37 ) with three lobes: with ScP-R-MP-Cu lobe developed; Pcu-A1 lobe distinctly less than half wide as ScP-R-MP-Cu lobe; A2 lobe thin, distinctly surpassing half length of Pcu-A1 lobe, anterior and posterior margins subparallel; Pcu simple, anastomosing with A11, A11 vein simple, unbranched, A12 straight and simple, A2 vein, unbranched, not reaching to apical margin. Hind tibia with 2 lateral spines in distal half and 8-10 apical spines; first metatarsomere with 8-10 apical spines; second metatarsomere with 2 apical spines; spinal formula of hind leg (2)8-10/8-10/2.

Male genitalia.

Anal tube (Figs 39 , 51 ) irregularly rectangular, elongate, longer in middle more 2.5 times than the base in dorsal view; lateral margin nearly parallel. Anal style (Figs 39 , 51 ) long or short, not surpassing anal tube, located near base or middle. Pygofer (Figs 38 , 50 ) symmetrical, irregularly rectangular; anterior and posterior margins parallel in lateral view. Genital styles (Figs 40 , 52 ) symmetrical, irregularly triangular in lateral view; dorsal margin bearing different prominence before the capitulum. Capitulum of genital styles long or short (Figs 41 , 53 ). Phallobase (Figs 42 , 54 ) symmetrical, “U” -liked tubular in lateral view, dorsal lobe with processes near apex. Aedeagus (Figs 43 , 55 ) with one hooked process in lateral view.

Female genitalia.

Anal tube long, lateral margins nearly parallel. Gonoplacs irregularly rounded, without keels. Hind margin of sternite VII with prominence in middle area in ventral view.

Figures

Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate.

Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process.

Figures 44 - 55. Sivaloka trigona Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 44 habitus, dorsal view 45 habitus, lateral view 46 head and thorax, dorsal view 47 head and thorax, lateral view 48 head, ventral view 49 forewing 50 male genitalia, lateral view 51 male anal segment, dorsal view 52 genital styles, lateral view 53 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 54 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 55 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: tp = triangular prominence; a = small spinous process; b = half-leaf process; c = lateral lobe; d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process.