Sennius abbreviatus

Viana, Jéssica Herzog & Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele Stramare, 2013, Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations, Zootaxa 3736 (5), pp. 501-535 : 503-506

Sennius abbreviatus group

Diagnosis and comments. This group comprises 14 species, Sennius abbreviatus , S. bondari , S. durangensis , S. lawrencei , S. lebasi , S. leucostauros , S. lojaensis , S. medialis , S. nappi , S. rufomaculatus , S. transversesignatus , S. trinotaticollis , S. vivi sp. nov. and S. flinte sp. nov. ( Table 1). It is based on the following characters of the male genitalia: internal sac trilobed ( Fig. 7 ); dense rows of spicules on subapical region, usually short, forming a mass ( Fig. 7 , SMR); submedian region with two groups of large spicules ( Fig. 7 , SAR); latero-basal lobes with short spicules ( Fig. 7 , LAL).

Johnson & Kingsolver (1973) defined the S. abbreviatus group and subgroups mainly based on the color of the integument, elytra pubescence and male genitalic characters. In this work, however, we allocated species to this group and its subgroups based only on characters of the male genitalia, especially the sclerites of the internal sac. Most species of the S. abbreviatus group have black elytra each with red-orange or brown maculae, but S. bondari , S. leucostauros and S. lojaensis have entirely black elytra and there are still other species that display intraspecific variation in color, from black with red-orange maculae to entirely black ( S. nappi , S. lebasi and S. rufomaculatus ).

Subgroup S. abbreviatus group Host Plants

1 S. abbreviatus (Say, 1824) Senna marilandica

S. lawrencei Jonhson, 1977 Senna reticulata

S. lojaensis (Pic, 1933) Senna multijuga (NHP)

S. nappi Ribeiro-Costa & Reynaud, 1998 Senna multijuga , S. neglecta var. oligophylla , S. neglecta var. neglecta , S. rugosa , S. occidentalis , S. obtusifolia S. rufomaculatus (Motschulsky, 1874) Amomum sp.; Senna alata , S. occidentalis , S. obtusifolia , S. hirsuta , S. cobanensis , S. uniflora , S. galegifolia , S. polyphylla , S. tora

S. transversesignatus (Fåhraeus, 1839) Senna appendiculata (NHP)

S. vivi sp. nov. Senna obtusifolia

2 S. durangensis Jonhson & Kingsolver , Senna covesii

1973

S. medialis (Sharp, 1885) Senna hirsuta , S. occidentalis S. bauhinioides , S. multiglandulosa , S. obtusifolia

S. flinte sp. nov. Senna multijuga

3 S. bondari (Pic, 1929) Senna multijuga , S. occidentalis , S. surattensis , S. splendida , S. pistaciifolia , S. pendula , S. bicapsularis , S. alata , S. spectabilis , S. bauhinioides , S. macranthera , S. neglecta var. oligophylla , S. neglecta var. neglecta S. appendiculata , Memora peregrina S. lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839) Senna hirsuta , S. occidentalis , S. reticulata , S. cobanensis , S. pendula , S. obtusifolia , S. sophera , S. uniflora , S. bicapsularis , S. galegifolia , S. hayesiana , S. septemtrionalis , S. polyphylla , S. tora , Acacia farnesiana , Sesbania herbacea S. leucostauros Jonhson & Kingsolver, Senna pendula , S. bicapsularis

1973

S. trinotaticolis (Pic, 1930) Senna hayesiana , S. oxyphylla , S. macranthera

It was possible to delimit three subgroups, as proposed by Johnson & Kingsolver (1973) ( Table 1). Subgroup 1 includes S. abbreviatus , S. lawrencei , S. nappi , S. rufomaculatus , S. lojaensis , S. transversesignatus and S. vivi sp. nov., the last three are newly included. Species in this group are characterized by the male genitalia, which are similar among the included species, and the basic pattern of sclerites described for the S. abbreviatus group ( Figs 7 , 36 , 73 , 81 , 61 , 90 , 106 ). This basic pattern is modified in the other seven species. Subgroup 2 comprises Sennius durangensis , S. medialis and S. flinte sp. nov., the latter species newly included. This subgroup is characterized by the male genitalia weakly sclerotized ( Figs 19 , 70 , 27 ) and the latero-basal lobes of the internal sac narrower than in other species of the group. Subgroup 3 includes S. lebasi , S. leucostauros , S. trinotaticollis and S. bondari , the latter species newly included. All species in this subgroup lack the two large groups of spicules on the submedian region of the internal sac, and have spicules on the basal region, covering the lobes or forming more than two dense clusters ( Figs 45 , 53 , 98 , 11 ).

Distribution. Nearctic region: MEX and USA. Neotropical region: BIZ, BOL, BRA, CHI, COL, CRC, DOM, ESA, GRN, GLP, GUA, HON, JAM, MEX, NCA, PAN, PUR, TRI and VEN.

Biology. The most common way to collect adult Sennius is by rearing them from pods. Specimens have also been collected by flight intercept and Malaise traps. The species of the S. abbreviatus group are strongly associated with Senna Mill. (Family Fabaceae , subfamily Caesalpinioideae ), where their larvae develop, consuming the seeds. One species, S. nappi , was found on flowers of Vochysia divergens Pohl , but this is not listed as a host plant since larvae have not been reared on the seeds of this plant. However, there are records of other hosts besides Senna . The following species have the greatest number of hosts plants (others genera besides Senna in parenthesis): S. rufomaculatus , 10 species ( Amomum Roxb. ); S. bondari , 14 species ( Memora Miers ); S. lebasi , 16 species ( Acacia Mill. and Sebasnia Scop. ) ( Table 1). Different Bruchinae species may be found on the same plant (Viana & Ribeiro-Costa 2013). The following species are, as far as we know, associated with only one host plant: S. abbreviatus , S. lawrencei , S. lojaensis (with new host record), S. transversesignatus (with new host record) and S. durangensis , S. flinte sp. nov. and S. vivi sp. nov. ( Table 1).

The following host plant species have the greatest number of records of Sennius species from the S. abbreviatus group eating their seeds (each with five Sennius species recorded): S. obtusifolia and S. occidentalis ( Table 2).

Host plants S. abbreviatus group

Acacia farnesiana (Linn.) Willd. S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Amonum sp. S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1) Memora peregrina (Miers) Sandwith S. bondari (subgroup 3)

Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Senna alata (Linn.) Roxb. S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1) S. bondari (subgroup 3)

Senna appendiculata (Vogel) Wiersema S. transversesignatus (subgroup 1) S. bondari (subgroup 3)

Senna bauhinioides (Gray) Irwin & Barneby S. medialis (subgroup 2)

S. bondari (subgroup 3)

Senna bicapsularis (Linn.) Roxb S. bondari (subgroup 3)

S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

S. leucostauros (subgroup 3) Senna cobanensis (Britton & Rose) Irwin & Barneby S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1) S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Senna covesii (A.Gray) Irwin & Barneby S. durangensis (subgroup 2) Senna galegifolia (Linn.) Barneby & Lourteig S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1) S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Senna hayesiana (Britton & Rose) Irwin & Barneby S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

S. trinotaticollis (subgroup 3) Senna hirsuta (Linn.) Irwin & Barneby S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1) S. medialis (subgroup 2)

S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Senna macranthera (Collad.) Irwin & Barneby S. bondari (subgroup 3)

S. trinotaticollis (subgroup 3) Senna marilandica (Linn.) Link. S. abbreviatus (subgroup 1) Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) Irwin & Barneby S. medialis (subgroup 2)

Senna multijuga (Rich.) Irwin & Barneby S. lojaensis (subgroup 1)

S. nappi (subgroup 1)

S. flinte sp. nov. (subgroup 2) S. bondari (subgroup 3)

Senna neglecta (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby S. nappi (subgroup 1)

S. bondari (subgroup 3)

......continued on the next page Host plants S. abbreviatus group

Senna obtusifolia (Linn.) Irwin & Barneby S. nappi (subgroup 1)

S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1) S. medialis (subgroup 2) S. lebasi (subgroup 3) S. vivi sp. nov. (subgroup 1)

Senna occidentalis (Linn.) Irwin & Barneby S. nappi (subgroup 1)

S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1) S. medialis (subgroup 2) S. bondari (subgroup 3) S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Senna oxyphylla (Kunth) Irwin & Barneby S. trinotaticollis (subgroup 3) Senna pendula (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby S. bondari (subgroup 3) S. lebasi (subgroup 3) S. leucostauros (subgroup 3)

Senna pistaciifolia (Kunth) Irwin & Barneby S. bondari (subgroup 3) Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) Irwin & Barneby S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1)

S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Senna reticulata (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby S. lawrencei (subgroup 1)

S. lebasi (subgroup 3) Senna rugosa (G. Don) Irwin & Barneby S. nappi (subgroup 1) Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & Barneby S. lebasi (subgroup 3) Senna sophera (Linn.) Roxb. S. lebasi (subgroup 3) Senna spectabilis (DC) Irwin & Barneby S. bondari (subgroup 3) Senna splendida (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby S. bondari (subgroup 3) Senna surattensis (Burm.f.) Irwin & Barneby S. bondari (subgroup 3) Senna tora (Linn.) Roxb S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1)

S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Senna uniflora (Mill.) Irwin & Barneby S. rufomaculatus (subgroup 1)

S. lebasi (subgroup 3)

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Sennius abbreviatus. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, head, frontal view; 4, pygidium; 5, part of hind leg, internal view; 6, hind tibia, external view; 7, 8, male genitalia: 7, median lobe with hinge sclerites (HE), others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes (LBL) of internal sac; 8, tegmen. AR: apical region; SMR: submedian region; SBR: subbasal region; BR: basal region.

FIGURES 29 – 37. Sennius lawrencei. 29, dorsal view; 30, lateral view; 31, head, frontal view; 32, pygidium; 33, base of elytra strial; 34, part of hind leg, internal view; 35, hind tibia, external view; 36, 37 male genitalia: 36, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 37, tegmen.

FIGURES 72 – 74. Sennius nappi. 72, dorsal view; 73, 74 male genitalia: 73, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified of internal sac; 74, tegmen.

FIGURES 75 – 82. Sennius rufomaculatus. 75, dorsal view; 76, lateral view; 77, head, frontal view; 78, pygidium; 79, part of hind leg, internal view; 80, hind tibia, external view; 81, 82 male genitalia: 81, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 82, tegmen.

FIGURES 55 – 62. Sennius lojaensis. 55, dorsal view; 56, lateral view; 57, head, frontal view; 58, pygidium; 59, part of hind leg, internal view; 60, hind tibia, external view; 61, 62 male genitalia: 61, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 62, tegmen.

FIGURES 83 – 91. Sennius transversesignatus. 83, dorsal view; 84, lateral view; 85, head, frontal view; 86, pygidium; 87, base of elytra strial; 88, part of hind leg, internal view; 89, hind tibia, external view; 90, 91 male genitalia: 90, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 91, tegmen.

FIGURES 100 – 107. Sennius vivi sp. nov. 100, dorsal view; 101, lateral view; 102, head, frontal view; 103, pygidium; 104, part of hind leg, internal view; 105, hind tibia, external view; 106, 107 male genitalia: 106, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 107, tegmen.

FIGURES 13 – 20. Sennius durangensis. 13, dorsal view; 14, lateral view; 15, head, frontal view; 16, pygidium; 17, part of hind leg, internal view; 18, hind tibia, external view; 19, 20 male genitalia: 19, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 20, tegmen.

FIGURES 63 – 71. Sennius medialis. 63, dorsal view; 64, lateral view; 65, head, frontal view; 66, pygidium; 67, base of elytra strial; 68, part of hind leg, internal view; 69, hind tibia, external view; 70, 71 male genitalia: 70, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 71, tegmen.

FIGURES 21 – 28. Sennius flinte sp. nov. 21, dorsal view; 22, lateral view; 23, head, frontal view; 24, pygidium; 25, part of hind leg, internal view; 26, hind tibia, external view; 27, 28 male genitalia: 27, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 28, tegmen.

FIGURES 38 – 46. Sennius lebasi. 38, dorsal view; 39, lateral view; 40, head, frontal view; 41, pygidium; 42, base of elytra strial; 43, part of hind leg, internal view; 44, hind tibia, external view; 45, 46 male genitalia: 45, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 46, tegmen.

FIGURES 47 – 54. Sennius leucostauros. 47, dorsal view; 48, lateral view; 49, head, frontal view; 50, pygidium; 51, part of hind leg, internal view; 52, hind tibia, external view; 53, 54 male genitalia: 53, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 54, tegmen.

FIGURES 92 – 99. Sennius trinotaticollis. 92, dorsal view; 93, lateral view; 94, head, frontal view; 95, pygidium; 96, part of hind leg, internal view; 97, hind tibia, external view; 98, 99 male genitalia: 98, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 99, tegmen.

FIGURES 9 – 12. Sennius bondari. 9, dorsal view; 10, pygidium; 11, 12 male genitalia: 11, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified of internal sac; 12, tegmen.